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1、 Gravity Sanitary Sewer Designand ConstructionSecond EditionPrepared by a Joint Task Force of theEnvironmental and Water Resources Institute and thePipeline Division Committee on Pipeline Planning of theAmerican Society of Civil Engineersand theCollection Systems Subcommittee of theTechnical Practic

2、e Committee of the Water Environment FederationEdited by Paul BizierASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 60WEF Manual of Practice No. FD-5Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataGravity sanitary sewer design and construction : ASCE manuals and reports on engineeringpractice

3、 no. 60 wef manual of practice no. fd-5/ Prepared by the Joint Task Force on SanitarySewers of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Water Environment Federationp. cm (Wef manual ; no. 60)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 13: 978-0-7844-0900-8ISBN 10: 0-7844-0900-51. Sewer

4、ageDesign and construction. I. Bizier, Paul. II. American Society of CivilEngineers. III. Water Environment Federation.TD678.G715 2007628.2dc222007015717Published by American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, Virginia 20191www.pubs.asce.orgAny statements expressed in these m

5、aterials are those of the individual authors and donot necessarily represent the views of ASCE or WEF, which take no responsibility for anystatement made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specific method, prod-uct, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recomme

6、ndation, or warrantythereof by ASCE or WEF. The materials are for general information only and do not repre-sent a standard of ASCE or WEF, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifica-tions, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document.ASCE and WEF make no representat

7、ion or warranty of any kind, whether express orimplied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information,apparatus, product, or process discussed in this publication, and assume no liability therefor.This information should not be used without first securing competen

8、t advice with respect toits suitability for any general or specific application. Anyone utilizing this informationassumes all liability arising from such use, including but not limited to infringement of anypatent or patents.ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and T

9、rademarkOffice.Water Environment Research, WEF, and WEFTEC are registered trademarks of the WaterEnvironment Federation.Photocopies and reprints. You can obtain instant permission to photocopy ASCE publica-tions by using ASCEs online permission service (www.pubs.asce.org/authors/RightslinkWelcomePag

10、e.htm). Requests for 100 copies or more should be submitted to the ReprintsDepartment, Publications Division, ASCE (address above); email: permissionsasce.org. Areprint order form can be found at www.pubs.asce.org/authors/reprints.html.Copyright 2007 by the American Society of Civil Engineers and th

11、e Water Environ-ment Federation. Permission to copy must be obtained from both ASCE and WEF.All Rights Reserved.ISBN 978-0-7844-0900-8ISBN 978-1-57278-240-2Manufactured in the United States of America.American Society of Civil Engineers/Environmental and Water Resources InstituteFounded in 1852, the

12、 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) rep-resents more than 140,000 members of the civil engineering professionworldwide, and is Americas oldest national engineering society. Createdin 1999, the Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI) is anInstitute of ASCE. EWRI services are design

13、ed to complement ASCEs tra-ditional civil engineering base and to attract new categories of members(non-civil engineer allied professionals) who seek to enhance their profes-sional and technical development.For information on membership, publications, and conferences, contactASCE/EWRI1801 Alexander

14、Bell DriveReston, VA 20191-4400(703) 295-6000http:/www.asce.orgWater Environment FederationFormed in 1928, the Water Environment Federation (WEF) is a not-for-profit technical and educational organization with 32,000 individualmembers and 80 affiliated Member Associations representing an addi-tional

15、 50,000 water quality professionals throughout the world. WEF andits member associations proudly work to achieve our mission of preserv-ing and enhancing the global water environment.For information on membership, publications, and conferences, contactWater Environment Federation601 Wythe StreetAlex

16、andria, VA 22314-1994 USA(703) 684-2400http:/www.wef.orgMANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE(As developed by the ASCE Technical Procedures Committee, July 1930,and revised March 1935, February 1962, and April 1982)A manual or report in this series consists of an orderly presentation offacts o

17、n a particular subject, supplemented by an analysis of limitationsand applications of these facts. It contains information useful to the aver-age engineer in his or her everyday work, rather than findings that maybe useful only occasionally or rarely. It is not in any sense a “standard,”however; nor

18、 is it so elementary or so conclusive as to provide a “rule ofthumb” for nonengineers.Furthermore, material in this series, in distinction from a paper (whichexpresses only one persons observations or opinions), is the work of acommittee or group selected to assemble and express information on aspec

19、ific topic. As often as practicable, the committee is under the directionof one or more of the Technical Divisions and Councils, and the productevolved has been subjected to review by the Executive Committee ofthe Division or Council. As a step in the process of this review, proposedmanuscripts are

20、often brought before the members of the Technical Divi-sions and Councils for comment, which may serve as the basis forimprovement. When published, each work shows the names of the com-mittees by which it was compiled and indicates clearly the several pro-cesses through which it has passed in review

21、, in order that its merit maybe definitely understood.In February 1962 (and revised in April 1982) the Board of Directionvoted to establish a series entitled “Manuals and Reports on EngineeringPractice,” to include the Manuals published and authorized to date, futureManuals of Professional Practice,

22、 and Reports on Engineering Practice. Allsuch Manual or Report material of the Society would have been refereed ina manner approved by the Board Committee on Publications and wouldbe bound, with applicable discussion, in books similar to past Manuals.Numbering would be consecutive and would be a con

23、tinuation of presentManual numbers. In some cases of reports of joint committees, bypassingof Journal publications may be authorized.13 Filtering Materials for Sewage Treat-ment Plants14 Accommodation of Utility Plant Withinthe Rights-of-Way of Urban Streetsand Highways35 A List of Translations of F

24、oreign Litera-ture on Hydraulics40 Ground Water Management41 Plastic Design in Steel: A Guide andCommentary45 How to Work Effectively with Consult-ing Engineers46 Pipeline Route Selection for Rural andCross-Country Pipelines47 Selected Abstracts on Structural Appli-cations of Plastics49 Urban Planni

25、ng Guide50 Planning and Design Guidelines forSmall Craft Harbors51 Survey of Current Structural Research52 Guide for the Design of Steel Transmis-sion Towers53 Criteria for Maintenance of MultilaneHighways54 Sedimentation Engineering55 Guide to Employment Conditions forCivil Engineers57 Management,

26、Operation and Mainte-nance of Irrigation and DrainageSystems59 Computer Pricing Practices60 Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Con-struction (Second Edition)62 Existing Sewer Evaluation andRehabilitation63 Structural Plastics Design Manual64 Manual on Engineering Surveying65 Construction Cost Control

27、66 Structural Plastics Selection Manual67 Wind Tunnel Studies of Buildings andStructures68 Aeration: A Wastewater TreatmentProcess69 Sulfide in Wastewater Collection andTreatment Systems70 Evapotranspiration and Irrigation WaterRequirements71 Agricultural Salinity Assessment andManagement72 Design o

28、f Steel Transmission PoleStructures73 Quality in the Constructed Project: A Guide for Owners, Designers, andConstructors74 Guidelines for Electrical TransmissionLine Structural Loading76 Design of Municipal Wastewater Treat-ment Plants77 Design and Construction of UrbanStormwater Management Systems7

29、8 Structural Fire Protection179 Steel Penstocks180 Ship Channel Design181 Guidelines for Cloud Seeding to Aug-ment Precipitation182 Odor Control in Wastewater Treat-ment Plants183 Environmental Site Investigation184 Mechanical Connections in WoodStructures185 Quality of Ground Water186 Operation and

30、 Maintenance of GroundWater Facilities187 Urban Runoff Quality Manual188 Management of Water Treatment PlantResiduals189 Pipeline Crossings190 Guide to Structural Optimization191 Design of Guyed Electrical Transmis-sion Structures192 Manhole Inspection and Rehabilitation193 Crane Safety on Construct

31、ion Sites194 Inland Navigation: Locks, Dams, andChannels195 Urban Subsurface Drainage196 Guide to Improved Earthquake Perfor-mance of Electric Power Systems197 Hydraulic Modeling: Concepts andPractice198 Conveyance of Residuals from Waterand Wastewater Treatment199 Environmental Site Characterizatio

32、nand Remediation Design Guidance100 Groundwater Contamination byOrganic Pollutants: Analysis andRemediation101 Underwater Investigations102 Design Guide for FRP Composite Con-nections103 Guide to Hiring and Retaining GreatCivil Engineers104 Recommended Practice for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Products

33、forOverhead Utility Line Structures105 Animal Waste Containment inLagoons106 Horizontal Auger Boring Projects107 Ship Channel Design108 Pipeline Design for Installation byHorizontal Directional Drilling109 Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR)Operation in Wastewater TreatmentPlants110 Sedimentaion Engin

34、eering: Processes,Measurments, Modeling, andPractice111 Reliability-Based Design of Utility PoleStructures112 Pipe Bursting Projects113 Substation Structure Design GuideMANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICENo. Title No. TitleManuals of Practice of the Water Environment FederationThe WEF Techni

35、cal Practice Committee (formerly the Committee onSewage and Industrial Wastes Practice of the Federation of Sewage andIndustrial Wastes Associations) was created by the Federation Board ofControl on October 11, 1941. The primary function of the Committee is to originate and produce, through appropri

36、ate subcommittees, specialpublications dealing with technical aspects of the broad interests of theFederation. These publications are intended to provide background infor-mation through a review of technical practices and detailed proceduresthat research and experience have shown to be functional an

37、d practical.Water Environment Federation Technical PracticeCommittee Control GroupB. G. Jones, ChairJ. A. Brown, Vice ChairS. Biesterfeld-InnerebnerR. FernandezS. S. JeyanayagamZ. LiM. D. NelsonS. RangarajanE. P. RothsteinA. T. SandyA. K. UmbleT. O. WilliamsJ. WitherspoonviiABSTRACTThis Manual provi

38、des both theoretical and practical guidelines for thedesign and construction of gravity sanitary sewers.The initial chapter introduces the organization and administrativephases of the sanitary sewer project. Subsequent chapters are presented ina sequence detailing the parameters necessary to establi

39、sh the design cri-teria, complete the design, and award a construction contract. The Man-ual concludes with a discussion of the commonly used trenchless andconventional methods of sanitary sewer construction.This Manual is intended to be of practical use to the designer of a grav-ity sanitary sewer

40、system and is based upon the experience of engineersin the field of sanitary sewer structural and hydraulic design. Charts,illustrations, and example problem solutions are used liberally through-out to reinforce the text.Joint Task Force on Sanitary SewersRichard Thomasson, Chairman, Chapter 6Dennis

41、 Doherty, Vice-Chair, Chapter 12*Paul Bizier, EWRI Liason, Chapters 6, 9Marsha Slaughter, SecretaryMatt Cassel, Chapter 8*Rao ChitikelaJohn Christopher, Chapter 8*Jacques Delleur, Chapter 3*John DuffyAngie Essner, Chapter 7*Mike GlasgowJames Joyce, Chapter 4*Karen Karvazy, Chapter 10*Lisa Lassi, Cha

42、pter 10*LaVere Merritt, Chapter 3*Terry MoyMike MurphyMohammad Najafi, Chapter 12*Aaron Nelson, Chapters 2, 7*Paul Passaro, Chapter 1*Morris SadeSam Samandi, Chapter 9Howard Selznick, Chapter 3*Mark M. Smith, Chapter 4Carl Sutter, Chapter 10*John Trypus, Chapter 1*Michael VanDineIn addition to the T

43、ask Force, Blue Ribbon Panel reviewers included:Wayne Dillard, Burns in 1969, the revised edition was published. In subse-quent reprintings, the 1969 edition of the Manual was continuouslyrevised to provide information on improved and more current practices.In 1978, the WPCF authorized preparation o

44、f this Manual of Practicedevoted to gravity sanitary sewers. In 1979, ASCE entered into an agree-ment with WPCF to continue their joint publication relationship. Since thattime, the Water Environment Federation (WEF, formerly the WPCF) andthe Environmental and Water Resources Institute (EWRI) of ASC

45、E havecontinued to work together on joint publications. As a result, a joint com-mittee of the Water Pollution Control Committee of EWRI, the PipelineDivision of ASCE, and the Collection Systems Subcommittee of WEFsTechnical Practice Committee was formed in 2004 to update this Manual.This Manual sho

46、uld be considered by the practicing engineer as an aidand a checklist of items to be considered in a gravity sanitary sewer proj-ect, as represented by acceptable current procedures. It is not intended tobe a substitute for engineering experience and judgment, or a treatisereplacing standard texts a

47、nd reference material.In common with other manuals prepared on special phases of engi-neering, this Manual recognizes that this field of engineering is con-stantly progressing with new ideas, materials, and methods coming intouse. Other alternatives available to the designer of sanitary sewersinclud

48、e vacuum, pressure, vacuum-pressure, and small-diameter grav-ity sewers. It is hoped that users will present any suggestions for improve-ment to the Technical Practice Committee of WEF, to EWRI, and to thePipeline Division of ASCE for possible inclusion in future revisions tokeep this Manual current

49、.The members of the Committee thank the reviewers of this Manual fortheir assistance in submitting their suggestions for improvement.This page intentionally left blank 1.1. INTRODUCTIONWastewater treatment and collection systems are a major expenditureof public funds, but the wastewater systems function is rarely acknowl-edged and sewers are seldom seen by the public. Sanitary systems areessential to protecting the public health and welfare in all areas of concen-trated population and development. E