ASHRAE 40-2002 Methods of Testing for Rating Heat-Operated Unitary Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Equipment《单一供热经营的空调和热泵设备的测试方法》.pdf

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1、ASHRAE STANDARDAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgMethods of Testing forRating Heat-OperatedUnitary Air-Conditioning andHeat Pump EquipmentANSI/ASHRAE Standard 40-2002 (RA 2006)Reaffirmation of ANSI/ASHR

2、AE Standard 40-2002Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 15, 2002, and reaffirmed on January 21, 2006; by theASHRAE Board of Directors on January 16, 2002, and reaffirmed on January 26, 2006; and by the AmericanNational Standards Institute on February 28, 2002, and reaffirmed on Janu

3、ary 27, 2006.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number isthe year of ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest copies may be purchased from ASHRAE CustomerService, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashra

4、e.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Tele-phone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). Copyright 2006 ASHRAE, Inc.ISSN 1041-2336When addenda, interpretations, or errata to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded free ofcharge from the ASHRAE Web si

5、te at http:/www.ashrae.org.SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstit

6、ute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reachedby directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarilyunanimity. Consensus requires that all v

7、iews and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international memb

8、ers, associated societies, and publicreview.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. TheProject Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAEmembers, all mus

9、t be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interestson all Project Committees. The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the S

10、tandard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard,d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testingfor rating

11、 purposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of thisequipment, and by providing other information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards andGuidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance

12、 to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, eitherstated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for

13、the benefit of the public in light of available informationand accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of anyproducts, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or tha

14、tany tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2005-2006Richard D. Hermans, ChairDavid E. Knebel, Vice-ChairDonald L. BrandtSteven T. BushbyPaul W. CabotHugh F. CrowtherSamuel D. Cummings, Jr.Robert G. DoerrHakim ElmahdyRoger

15、L. HedrickJohn F. HoganFrank E. JakobStephen D. KennedyJay A. KohlerJames D. LutzMerle F. McBrideMark P. ModeraCyrus H. NasseriStephen V. SantoroStephen V. SkalkoDavid R. TreeJerry W. White, Jr.James E. WoodsWilliam E. Murphy, BOD ExORonald E. Jarnagin, COClaire B. Ramspeck, Assistant Director of Te

16、chnology for Standards and Special ProjectsASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 40Cognizant TC: TC 8.3, Absorption and Heat Operated MachinesSPLS Liaison: Harold L. Crowder, Jr.Frank E. Jakob, Chair* William A. Ryan*Piotr A. Domanski* Wiliam D. Saulino, Jr.*Amgad Elgowainy* Sam V. Shelton*Henr

17、y L. Kaminiski* Brian P. DoughertyStephen E. Petty* William T. HannaBenjamin A. Phillips* Gary NowakowskiUwe Rockenfeller* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 40-2002 (RA 2006)Methods of Testing for Rating Heat-OperatedUnitary

18、Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump EquipmentSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 Method for Using this Standard 35 Test Methods 46 Air-Enthalpy Test Method 57 Heat Balance Method. 138 Coolant Heat-Transfer Fluid Method. 159 Refrigerant Enthalpy Method 1610 Airflow Measurement 1

19、711 Pressure (External Resistance) Measurement. 1812 Instruments. 1913 Test Preparation and Performance. 2014 Test Results 2115 Nomenclature . 2416 References and Bibliography 24Annex A: Environmental Chamber Design Considerations for Testing Heat-Actuated Cooling Equipment. 24NOTEWhen addenda, inte

20、rpretations, or errata to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at http:/www.ashrae.org. Copyright 2006 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rig

21、hts reserved.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 40-2002 (RA 2006)(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that ha

22、s not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.)FOREWORDThis is a reaffirmation of ASHRAE Standard 40-2002.This standard was prepared under the auspices of the Ameri-can Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-ConditioningEngineers (ASHRAE). It may be used, in whole or in part, byan ass

23、ociation or government agency with due credit toASHRAE. Adherence is strictly on a voluntary basis andmerely in the interests of obtaining uniform standardsthroughout the industry.The changes made for the 2006 reaffirmation were: Citations to Reference 3 were changed to Reference 2 inSection 5.1, Ta

24、ble 1Reaffirmation dates were updated on referenced stan-dards in Sections 6.5.1, 6.5.2, 9.2.3, 12.1.1, 12.1.2, and12.8ANSI was removed from referenced standards (becausethose standards are no longer ANSI accredited) in Sec-tions 2.3, 5.1, 6.6.1.3, 6.6.2.3, 6.6.2.4, 7.5.1, 7.6, 10.1,and 12.2.1“Shall

25、” was changed to “should” in Section 13.1.1.1All reaffirmation and publication dates and titles wereupdated in Section 16Reference 13 was added to Section 161. PURPOSE1.1 This standard provides test methods for determining theheating and cooling output capacities and energy inputs ofunitary air-cond

26、itioning and heat pump equipment that isheat-operated (see Section 3, “Definitions”).1.2 These test methods may be used as a basis for ratingsuch equipment, but it is not the purpose of this standard tospecify methods of establishing ratings. 2. SCOPE2.1 This standard applies to heat-operated unitar

27、y air condi-tioners and heat pumps consisting of one or more assemblies,including engine-driven systems. Where such equipment isprovided in more than one assembly, the separate assembliesare designed to be used together.2.2 Equipment within the scope of this standard may beclassified as follows:a. C

28、omponent arrangements:1. factory-assembled equipment employing heat-oper-ated or mechanical refrigeration cycle or cycles (e.g., apackaged unit)2. equipment employing a heat-operated or mechanicalrefrigeration cycle with indoor and outdoor sections inseparate assemblies (e.g., a split system)3. equi

29、pment employing a heat-operated or mechanicalrefrigeration cycle as a liquid chiller with cooling coilin separate assembly (e.g., chiller)4. equipment employing refrigeration cycles and heatingfunctions (e.g., chiller/heater)b. Method of providing air circulation through indoor sec-tion:1. with circ

30、ulating fan incorporated with indoor assembly2. without circulating fan, for use with separate fan or airhandler, or with heating equipment incorporating a fanc. Medium for heat transfer to or from the outdoors:1. air2. water (or brine)3. evaporatively cooled condenser (cooling only)2.3 This standar

31、d does not include methods of testing thefollowing types of equipment:1. heat-operated and engine-driven liquid chillers not part of aunitary air conditioner (Reference 1, ARI Standard 560-82covers indirect-fired absorption chillers) 2. unitary air conditioner or heat pumps covered in Reference2 (AS

32、HRAE Standard 37, Method of Testing for RatingUnitary Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Equipment)3. refrigerating systems employing the Peltier effect4. desiccant-based cooling systems3. DEFINITIONSapparatus: the test facility conditioning device and other testand measurement devices called for in thi

33、s standard (seeequipment).batch cycle process: a cycle that delivers cooling and/or heat-ing in a nonsteady or noncontinuous manner. For this cycle thenominal capacity is the integral of instantaneous capacity overa complete cycle (sorption) divided by the cycle time. Theprocess includes, but is not

34、 limited to, desorption, adsorptionor absorption (whichever is applicable), and all pressure andtemperature transient periods.Steady state of a batch cycle process is when the integral overeach cycle, from cycle to cycle, changes by no more than thatallowed by the standard.capacity, cooling (heating

35、): the rate of heat removal (heatgain) from (to) a heat-transfer medium. See sensible, latent,and total.coil, indoor: the heat exchanger that removes heat from (cool-ing) or adds heat to (heating) the airstream being conditioned.For direct expansion refrigerant systems: in the cooling mode,the coil

36、operates as an evaporator; in the heating mode, the coiloperates as a condenser.coil, outdoor: the heat exchanger that rejects heat to (cooling)or absorbs heat from (heating) a source external to the condi-tioned space. In the cooling mode, the coil operates as aANSI/ASHRAE Standard 40-2002 (RA 2006

37、) 3condenser. In the heating mode, the coil operates as an evap-orator.coolant: a single-phase fluid (usually a liquid) used for trans-ferring heat from one place to another. Sometimes referred toas “heat-transfer fluid,” “brine,” and/or “secondary refriger-ant” (see refrigerant).equipment: refers e

38、xclusively to the device to which thismethod of test is applied (see apparatus).external resistance: the differential pressure imposed by anair-distribution duct system on a forced-air system. heat engine: a device that is operated by the heat of combus-tion of a fuel or other appropriate heat sourc

39、e. Its principaloutput is mechanical work. The heat may be applied externallyor internally to the drive elements of the engine. An externalcombustion engine uses steam or a gas (helium, hydrogen) totransfer the heat from the source to the drive elements. Thedrive elements of an internal combustion e

40、ngine may be recip-rocating pistons or a rotating cylinder.heat-operated: describes any equipment whose energy sourceis thermal energy. Heat may be provided by combustion,steam, or other means. The heat may manifest itself as thermalenergy (elevated temperatures) or other available energy (suchas el

41、evated pressure) and may activate a heat cycle (e.g.,absorption process) or a work cycle (e.g., vapor compressioncycle) by means of heat-transfer surfaces and/or heat engines(prime movers). heat-operated unitary equipment: consists of one or morefactory-made assemblies that include an evaporator and

42、condenser as part of a heat- or fuel-energized refrigeratingsystem consisting of a continuous or batch type cyclic processthat may also include a heating function. The equipment maycomprise, either alone or in combination with separate heatingequipment, the functions of circulating, cleaning, heatin

43、g,cooling, and/or dehumidifying the air. Where such equipmentis provided in more than one assembly, the separated assem-blies are designed to be used together. latent cooling capacity: the rate, expressed in W (Btu/h), atwhich the equipment removes latent heat (reduces the mois-ture content) of the

44、air passing through it under specifiedconditions of operation. prime mover: see heat engine.refrigerant: substance that changes phase or condition (e.g.,from liquid to vapor evaporation or from bonded-to-solid tovapor desorption) in the process of absorbing heat within theair-conditioning equipment.

45、 section: that portion of the equipment that can be located awayfrom other portions of the equipment. For example, indoorsection, outdoor section, water-cooled section, etc. sensible cooling capacity: the rate, expressed in W (Btu/h), atwhich the equipment lowers the dry-bulb temperature(removes sen

46、sible heat) of the air passing through it underspecified conditions of operation. shall: where “shall” or “shall not” is used for a provision, thatprovision is mandatory if compliance with this standard isclaimed. should, recommended, or “it is recommended”: terms used toindicate provisions that are

47、 not mandatory but are desirable asgood practice. sorbant: an absorbent or adsorbent medium that remainscompletely or substantially in a single phase during theprocess of absorbing or releasing heat by means of a refriger-ant. Such media include liquids and solids. standard air: air having a density

48、 of 1.204 kg/m3 (0.075 lb/ft3), equivalent to dry air at a temperature of 20C (70F) anda barometric pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi, 29.92 in.Hg). standard barometric pressure: barometric pressure of101.325 kPa (14.696 psi, 29.92 in. Hg). standard temperature: temperature of 20C (70F). total coo

49、ling capacity: the rate, expressed in W (Btu/h), atwhich the equipment removes heat from the air passingthrough it under specified conditions of operation, includingboth sensible and latent heats. 4. METHOD FOR USING THIS STANDARDThe following steps are recommended for proper andexpeditious use of this standard:a. Determine whether the standard is applicable by review-ing Section 2 (“Scope”) and Section 3 (“Definitions”).b. Establish the conditions to be used in the test in accor-dance with Section 4 (“Method for Using this Standard”).c. Select the test methods by reviewing Sec