ANSI ASTM F2039-2000 Standard Guide for Basic Elements of Shipboard Occupational Health and Safety Program《船上职业卫生与健康方案基本要素指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2039 00 (Reapproved 2012) An American National StandardStandard Guide forBasic Elements of Shipboard Occupational Health andSafety Program1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption

2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the basic elements of a ShipboardOccupational Health and Sa

3、fety Program (SOHSP). Theseelements are applicable to all vessel types including but notlimited to tank vessels, dry bulk carriers, passenger vessels,roll-on roll-off vessels, ore bulk oilers, offshore supply vessels,tugboats, towboats, and barges. The elements described arefundamental pieces of a s

4、ystematic occupational safety andhealth program and may be used by company line managers,health and safety personnel or consultants who areimplementing, improving, or auditing the effectiveness of ashipboard health and safety program.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con

5、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI Standards:2ANSI Z4.1-1986 Minimum Requirements fo

6、r Sanitation inPlaces of EmploymentANSI Z41-1991 Personal Protection Protective FootwearANSI Z87.1-1989 Practice for Occupational and Educa-tional Eye and Face ProtectionANSI Z88.2-1992 Respiratory ProtectionANSI Z89.1-1986 Protective Headwear for Industrial Work-ersANSI Z244.1-1982 (R1993) Safety R

7、equirements for theLock Out/Tag Out of Energy SourcesANSI/ASA S3.18-1979 (R1993): Guide for the Evaluationof Human Exposure to Whole Body VibrationANSI/ASA S3.44-1996 Determination of OccupationalNoise Exposure and Estimation of Noise-Induced HearingImpairmentANSI/AWS Z49.1-1994 Safety in Welding, C

8、utting andAllied Processes2.2 Other Documents:NFPA 306-1997 Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels3NFPA 1991-2000: Vapor Protective Suits for HazardousChemical Emergencies3NFPA 1992-2000: Liquid Splash Protective Suits for Haz-ardous Chemical Emergencies3IMO A.468(XII) Code on Noise Levels Onboard Ships4

9、IMOA.849 (20) Code for Investigation of Marine Casualtiesand Incidents4IMO A.864 (20) Recommendations for Entering EnclosedSpaces Aboard Ships446 CFR 16.210 Pre-employment Testing Requirements5U.S. Coast Guard Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circular298 Physical Evaluation Guidelines for Merchant M

10、ari-ners Documents and Licenses53. Significance and Use3.1 This guide does not set specific performance or techni-cal criteria, but recommends that companies set policies andobjectives and develop procedures for managing their healthand safety program. Companies should consider their uniqueorganizat

11、ion, culture, and hazards on their vessels and thepossible effects of their operations. The elements are intention-ally flexible and may be tailored to address any size ofoperation or any vessel type. Note that although the standard isaimed at the shipboard occupational health and safety program,som

12、e of the elements address activities and commitments thatmust be completed or made by shore side personnel (forexample, executive management commitment and provision ofadequate resources). Key to the effectiveness of the program isthe implementation of each element within an interconnectedsystem.1Th

13、is guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships andMarine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F2039

14、00 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/F2039-00R12.2Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4Available from

15、 International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment,London SE1 75R, United Kingdom.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr

16、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Basic Elements4.1 Executive Management Commitment and LeadershipExecutive management commitment and leadership is a pre-condition for an effective SOHSP. Executive managementcommitment and leadership includes, but is not limited to

17、integrating health and safety into the management structure andfabric of the company, developing a health and safety policy,developing health and safety objectives, providing resources toachieve the objectives, defining stewardship responsibilitiesand providing authority to carry out those responsib

18、ilities, andestablishing accountability for safety and health as a part of jobperformance reviews. Further guidance is provided in AnnexA1.4.2 Employee ParticipationEmployees from all levelsincluding crewmembers, officers, masters, persons in charge,and shoreside personnel should be directly involve

19、d with theSOHSP. Shipboard and shoreside employees should be in-volved in developing, implementing, evaluating, and modify-ing the SOHSP. Employees should also participate in settinghealth and safety objectives and performance criteria. Thisinvolvement might be through employee membership on safetyc

20、ommittees that provide input to management for the develop-ment of safety and health policy, debate and set health andsafety goals, measure and evaluate performance, and recom-mend modifications to the program based on their evaluation.Shoreside and shipboard employees should work together toachieve

21、 safety and health goals. For example, shoreside per-sonnel should participate on vessel safety committees sincetheir decisions affect vessel operations and ultimately thehealth and safety of vessel personnel. In large companies,individual vessel safety committees might submit recommen-dations to an

22、 overarching safety committee that evaluates therecommendations and sets policy to apply appropriate recom-mendations to the entire fleet. Further guidance is provided inAnnex A2.4.3 Hazard Anticipation, Identification, Evaluation andControlThe core function of any health and safety program ispreven

23、tion. Health and safety hazards including fire, reactivity,and chemical and physical hazards, need to be anticipated andprevented from occurring. Hazards and unsafe operating pro-cedures need to be identified and addressed so they will notendanger employees or the public and will not damage thevesse

24、l, cargo, or third party property. Potential hazards shouldbe systematically anticipated, identified, evaluated, and con-trolled. Tools such as job hazard analysis, industrial hygieneexposure assessments, and risk assessment/management meth-odologies enable the evaluation and control of hazards. Fur

25、therguidance is provided in Annex A3.4.4 TrainingEmployees should receive training appropri-ate for their duties and responsibilities so that they may worksafely and not endanger their shipmates or the public. Inaddition, employees who have specific health and safetyresponsibilities (generally super

26、visors with responsibility forthe safety of others, but also nonsupervisors who are assignedto safety committees or as crew member representatives)should receive training to enable them to carry out their healthand safety program responsibilities. Further guidance is pro-vided in Annex A4.4.5 Record

27、 KeepingCompany records sufficient to dem-onstrate the effectiveness of the health and safety programshould be maintained. Data that enables trend or patternanalysis for root causes is particularly desirable. For example,results of audits that evaluate effectiveness of the safety andhealth managemen

28、t system should be maintained. Records thatindicate industrial hygiene exposure assessments have beenconducted and appropriate controls have been implementedshould be maintained. Current job safety analyses and corre-sponding standard operating procedures with safe work prac-tices should be document

29、ed. Injury and illness data should bemaintained to enable the identification of trends and patternsthat associate the injury or illness with a common cause, whichcan be addressed. Training topics, lesson outlines, and attend-ees should be documented. Where appropriate, such recordsshould permit eval

30、uation of the program on individual vesselsas well as across an entire fleet. Further guidance is provided inAnnex A5.4.6 Contract or Third Party PersonnelWhen contract orthird party personnel are on board to perform work, vesselpersonnel should provide information regarding potential haz-ards on th

31、e vessel that may affect the contract or third partypersonnel. Potential hazards related to the work conducted bycontract or third party personnel should be provided to thevessel owner/operator and/or the master/person in charge. Eachemployer should provide appropriate information regardingvessel an

32、d work hazards to their own employees. For example,exchange of information on chemical hazards might be accom-plished by exchanging appropriate material safety data sheets(MSDS), then each employer can inform their own employeesof the hazards identified in the MSDS. Further guidance isprovided in An

33、nex A6.4.7 Fatality, Injury, Illness, and Incident InvestigationPersonnel injuries, occupational illnesses, and “near miss”incidents should be promptly investigated. The current incidentand other similar occurrences should be analyzed to identifythe primary (root) cause and any contributing factors.

34、 Theinvestigation report, setting forth primary cause, contributingfactors, and corrective measures should be presented to man-agement. Followup action that specifically addresses the re-ports recommendations for corrective action should be under-taken and documented. Further guidance is provided in

35、 AnnexA7.4.8 Systematic Program Evaluation and ContinuousImprovementMaintaining an effective health and safety pro-gram is an ongoing process. The SOHSP should have systemsfor detecting, reporting, and correcting nonconformities to theprogram. Some type of “formalized” evaluation should also becondu

36、cted on a periodic basis consistent with other aspects ofthe vessels management plan. The evaluation should deter-mine whether the SOHSP is appropriate for the vessel and itsoperations, that actual practices are consistent with the pro-grams and procedures in the SOHSP, and that the SOHSP iseffectiv

37、e. Comparison of data and records (refer to Annex A5,F2039 00 (2012)2Record Keeping) to performance objectives and criteria (referto Annex A1, Section A1.3, health and safety objectives) canprovide important indicators of the effectiveness of the SOHSP.Further guidance is provided in Annex A8.5. Key

38、words5.1 health; safetyANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT AND LEADERSHIPA1.1 Health and safety programs are most effective whenthey are integrated into the management structure of acompany, rather than treated as an “add on” program. Ex-amples of integrated health and safety eff

39、orts include:A1.1.1 Developing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs),written to the education level of the person who must followthe SOP, that integrate safe work practices and basic opera-tional functions,A1.1.2 Making design review by qualified health and safetypersonnel an element of the acquisiti

40、on procedures, andA1.1.3 Making consultation with qualified health and safetypersonnel a part of the process when making changes tooperations.A1.2 Executive management sets the tone for the entireSOHSP through their policy regarding health and safety.Examples of values that can be stated and commitm

41、ents thatcan be made in company policy include:A1.2.1 A statement that the company will make every effortto provide a safe and healthy workplace and that workingsafely is a condition of employment,A1.2.2 Statements that convey how important each crewmember is to the vessel as a fellow worker and as

42、a companyresource:A1.2.2.1 “The basic safety policy of this company is that notask is so important that an employee must violate a safety ruleor put himself or herself at risk of injury or illness in order toget it done.”,A1.2.3 A written commitment to provide resources neces-sary to implement the h

43、ealth and safety program could also beincluded in the policy statement, andA1.2.4 Management can demonstrate commitment to thesafety and health policies through word and action. Forexample, managers visiting vessels should follow safety rulesand standard operating procedures, including use of hearin

44、gprotection, safety glasses, safety shoes, protective clothing, andso forth.A1.3 Setting and attaining health and safety objectivesdemonstrates a companys commitment to improvement ofhealth and safety performance. Objectives provide a targetagainst which those who are responsible for health and safe

45、tymay measure their progress. Quantifiable objectives are desir-able since often, “What gets measured gets done.” (Refer toAnnex A8, Systematic Program Evaluation, for examples ofperformance measures and an overall program audit.) Healthand safety objectives may include:A1.3.1 Eliminate lost time in

46、cidents,A1.3.2 Report “near miss” incidents or problems, evaluate,and if appropriate, implement changes to prevent a moreserious incident or accident in the future,A1.3.3 Develop and implement a program of evaluationsthrough drills and other means (for example, simulators) toensure that personnel ar

47、e competent to carry out their duties,A1.3.4 Improve the health and safety program byreviewing, considering, and implementing appropriate pub-lished industry practices and consensus standards rather thanrelying on the imposition of new regulatory standards. Ex-amples of consensus standards to consid

48、er include, but are notlimited to: ANSI Z41-1991, ANSI Z87.1-1989, ANSI Z88.2-1992, ANSI Z89.1-1986, ANSI Z244.11982 (R1993), ANSI/ASA S3.18-1979 (R1993), ANSI/ASA S3.44-1996, ANSI/AWS Z49.1-1994, ANSI Z4.1-1986, NFPA 1991-2000, NFPA1992-2000, NFPA 306-1997, IMO A.864 (20), and IMOA.468(XII).A1.3.5

49、Complete periodic comprehensive (or area-specific)hazard review,A1.3.6 Reduce exposure levels to airborne vapors to accept-able levels through appropriate controls,A1.3.7 Complete annual respiratory fit testing on schedule,A1.3.8 Develop and implement acute toxic exposure proce-dures addressing first aid procedures, obtaining additionalemergency medical assistance, and appropriate medical sur-veillance tests (for example, S-phenylmercapturic acid in urinefollowing a potential benzene overexposure), andA1.3.9 Develop and implement an occupational healthmedical survei