ANSI ASHRAE 51-2016 Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating.pdf

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1、ANSI/AMCA Standard 210-16 ASHRAE Standard 51-16 Air Movement and Control Association International AMCA Corporate Headquarters 30 W. University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1893, USA communicationsamca.org Ph: +1-847-394-0150 www.amca.org 2016 AMCA International and ASHRAE Laboratory Methods o

2、f Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating STANDARDANSI/AMCA Standard 210-16 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 51-16 Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating Air Movement and Control Association International 30 W. University Drive Arlington Heights, Illino

3、is 60004 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers 1791 Tullie Circle, NE Atlanta, GA 30329-2305AMCA Publications Authority AMCA Standard 210-16 was adopted by the membership of the Air Movement and Control Association International Inc. on July 20, 2016 and by ASHRAE

4、 on June 29, 2016. It was approved by the American National Standards Institute on August 26, 2016. Copyright 2016 by Air Movement and Control Association International Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the

5、 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the executive direc- tor, Air Movement and Control Association International Inc. at 30 West University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004-189

6、3 U.S. Objections Air Movement and Control Association International Inc. will consider and take action upon all written complaints regarding its standards, certification programs or interpretations thereof. For information on procedures for submitting and handling complaints, write to Air Movement

7、and Control Association International 30 West University Drive Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1893 U.S.A. AMCA International Incorporated European AMCA Avenue des Arts, numro 46 Bruxelles (1000 Bruxelles) Asia AMCA Sdn Bhd No. 7, Jalan SiLC 1/6, Kawasan Perindustrian SiLC Nusajaya, Mukim Jelutong, 7920

8、0 Nusajaya, Johor Malaysia Disclaimer AMCA uses its best efforts to produce publications for the benefit of the industry and the public in light of available information and accepted industry practices. However, AMCA does not guarantee, certify or assure the safety or performance of any products, co

9、mponents or systems tested, designed, installed or operated in accordance with AMCA publications or that any tests conducted under its publications will be non-hazardous or free from risk.Review Committee Tim Mathson, Committee Chair Greenheck John Cermak, PhD Acme Engineering David Johnson Berner I

10、nternational Corp. Brian Merritt Climatic Testing Systems Inc. Franco Cincotti Comefri USA Inc. Swee Hock Lawrence Ang DongGuan Wolter Chemco Ventilation Ltd Armin Hauer ebm-papst Inc. Fernando A. Ruiz C. Equipos Electromecanicos, S.A. de C.V. Mohamed Farag Egyptian Swedish Air Conditioning Co. S.A.

11、E. Kim Osborn Nortek Air Solutions Dr. John Murphy Jogram Inc. Dan Hake Lau Industries Inc. Charles Gans LSB Climate Solutions Sham Morten Gabr Multi-Wing Z. Patrick Chinoda Revcor, Inc. Edward Hucko Robinson Fans Inc. David Ortiz Gomez Soler (b) positive pressure ventilators; (c) compressors with i

12、nterstage cooling; (d) positive displacement machines; and (e) test procedures to be used for design, production or field testing. 2. Normative References The following standards contain provisions that, through specific reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standar

13、d. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possi- bility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. IEEE 112-96

14、Standard Test Procedure for Polyphase Induction Motors and Generators, The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, U.S.A. (AMCA #1149). 3. Definitions/Units of Measure/Symbols 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 Fan A device that uses a power-driven rotating imp

15、eller to move air or gas (see note below). The internal energy increase imparted by a fan to air is limited to 25 kJ/kg (10.75 Btu/ lbm). This limit is approximately equivalent to a pressure of 30 kPa (120 in. wg) (AMCA 99-0066). Note: for the purpose of this standard, the term “air“ is used in the

16、sense of “gaseous fluid.“ 3.1.2 Fan inlet and outlet boundaries The interfaces between a fan and the remainder of the air system; the respective planes perpendicular to an airstream entering or leaving a fan. Various appurtenances (inlet boxes, inlet vanes, inlet cones, silencers, screens, rain hood

17、s, dampers, discharge cones, evass, etc.), may be included as part of a fan between the inlet and outlet boundaries. 3.1.3 Fan input power boundary The interface between a fan and its drive. When mechanical input power is reported, it is the interface between a fan and its drive, which in this conte

18、xt is either a dynamometer or calibrated motor. When electrical input power is reported, it is the interface between mains and the drive. 3.1.4 Driven fan A fan equipped with a drive. 3.1.5 Drive Components used to power the fan, such as a motor, motor control and transmission. Not all of these comp

19、onents are required to constitute a drive. A calibrated motor used to measure fan input power is generally not considered part of the drive. 3.1.6 Transmission A system that transmits mechanical power from the motor to the fan shaft. Examples of transmissions are belts/sheaves, couplings and gears.

20、3.1.7 Fan outlet area The gross inside area measured in the planes of the outlet openings. 3.1.8 Fan inlet area The gross inside area measured in the planes of the inlet connections. For converging inlets without connection elements, the inlet area shall be considered to be that where a plane perpen

21、dicular to the airstream first meets the mouth of the inlet bell or inlet cone. 3.1.9 Dry-bulb temperature Air temperature measured by a temperature-sensing device without modification to compensate for the effect of humidity (AMCA 99-0066). 3.1.10 Wet-bulb temperature The air temperature measured b

22、y a temperature sensor 2 | ANSI/AMCA 210-16 ANSI/ASHRAE 51-16 covered by a water-moistened wick and exposed to air in motion (AMCA 99-0066). 3.1.11 Wet-bulb depression The difference between the dry-bulb and wet-bulb tempera- tures at the same location (AMCA 99-0066). 3.1.12 Stagnation (total) tempe

23、rature The temperature that exists by virtue of the internal and kinetic energy of the air. If the air is at rest, the stagnation (total) temperature will equal the static temperature (AMCA 99-0066). 3.1.13 Static temperature The temperature that exists by virtue of the internal energy of the air. I

24、f a portion of the internal energy is converted into kinetic energy, the static temperature is decreased accordingly. 3.1.14 Air density The mass per unit volume of air (AMCA 99-0066). 3.1.15 Standard air Air with a standard density of 1.2 kg/m 3(0.075 lbm/ft 3 ) at a standard barometric pressure of

25、 101.325 kPa (29.92 in. Hg). 3.1.15.1 Standard air properties Standard air has a ratio of specific heats of 1.4 and a viscos- ity of 1.8185 10 -5Pas (1.222 10 -5lbm/fts). Air at 20C (68F) temperature, 50% relative humidity, and standard barometric pressure has the properties of standard air, approxi

26、mately. Note: The values of the standard air density in the SI and I-P systems of units are not exactly equivalent. This may have an impact on the accuracy of the fan performance data when the data is shown in both systems of units or converted from one system to the other. 3.1.16 Pressures in the a

27、ir The pressures in the air relevant to the fan performance testing have dimension as a force per unit of area. These pressures also have a meaning of specific energy defined as energy per volume of the air or specific power defined as power per unit of the airflow. In either case, the result- ing d

28、imension is the same. The pressures in the SI system are expressed in Pa, while in the I-P system they are expressed as inches of water or mercury. The conventional conversion of 1 in. of water equals 249.089 Pa (see note below). Pressures in inches of mercury are referenced to the mercury density o

29、f 13595.08 kg/m 3in the SI system or 848.656 lbm/ft 3in the I-P system. Note: This conventional conversion is based on water density of 1000 kg/m 3in the SI system or 62.427 lbm/ft 3in the I-P system. 3.1.17 Absolute pressure The pressure when the datum pressure is absolute zero. It is always positi

30、ve. 3.1.18 Barometric pressure The absolute pressure exerted by the atmosphere. 3.1.19 Gauge pressure The differential pressure when the datum pressure is the barometric pressure at the point of measurement. It may be positive or negative. 3.1.20 Total pressure The air pressure that exists by virtue

31、 of the state of the air and the rate of motion of the air. It is the algebraic sum of velocity pressure and static pressure at a point. If air is at rest, its total pressure will equal the static pres- sure. 3.1.21 Dynamic (velocity) pressure The portion of air pressure that exists by virtue of the

32、 rate of motion of the air. 3.1.22 Static pressure The portion of air pressure that exists by virtue of the state of the air. If expressed as a gauge pressure, it may be positive or negative. 3.1.23 Pressure loss A decrease in total pressure due to friction and/or turbulence. 3.1.24 Fan air density

33、The density of the air corresponding to the total pressure and the stagnation (total) temperature of the air at the fan inlet. 3.1.25 Fan airflow rate The volumetric airflow rate at fan air density. 3.1.26 Fan total pressure The difference between the total pressure at the fan outlet and the total p

34、ressure at the fan inlet. 3.1.27 Fan dynamic (velocity) pressure A pressure calculated from the average air velocity and air density at the fan outlet. 3.1.28 Fan static pressure The difference between the fan total pressure and the fan dynamic (velocity) pressure. Therefore, it is the difference AN

35、SI/AMCA 210-16 ANSI/ASHRAE 51-16 | 3 Case Motor Control Motor Transmission Fan Boundary Quantity Measured 1 X X X X Mains/ Motor Control W cmti 2 X X X Mains/Motor W mti 3 X X Mains/Motor W mi 4 X X X Mains/Motor Control W cmi 5 X X Dynamometer or Calibrated Motor/Transmission H ti 6 X Dynamometer o

36、r Calibrated Motor/Fan H i Table 1 Input Power Boundary Mains W c Motor Control (e.g., VSD) Transmission(e.g., belt, coupling, gears) Motor W m H t Fan (may include integral bearings) H i H o Drive Driven Fan W shall designate electrical input power; the product of voltage and current; and, in the c

37、ase of an AC circuit, power factor H shall designate mechanical power, the product of torque and shaft speed when considering input power, and the product of flow and total pressure when considering output power, Subscripts shall be used in a dynamic sense. For instance, W mtiindicates a test of an

38、Arrangement 8 fan where motor input power is measured H iindicates a test of an Arrangement 1 fan with a dynamometer W cmiindicates a test of an Arrangement 4 fan where motor control input power is measured Figure 3.1 Input Power Boundary4 | ANSI/AMCA 210-16 ANSI/ASHRAE 51-16 Table 2 Symbols and Sub

39、scripts Symbol Description SI Unit I-P Unit A Area of cross section m 2 ft 2 C Nozzle discharge coefficient dimensionless D Diameter and equivalent diameter m ft D h Hydraulic diameter m ft e Base of natural logarithm (2.718) dimensionless E Energy factor dimensionless F Beam load N lbf f Coefficien

40、t of friction dimensionless H i Fan input power W hp H o Fan output power W hp K p Compressibility coefficient dimensionless L Nozzle throat dimension m ft L e Equivalent length of straightener m ft L x,x Length of duct between planes x and x m ft l Length of moment arm m in. ln Natural logarithm -

41、- M Chamber diameter or equivalent diameter m ft N Rotational speed rpm rpm n Number of readings dimensionless P s Fan static pressure Pa in. wg P sx Static pressure at plane x Pa in. wg P t Fan total pressure Pa in. wg P tx Total pressure at plane x Pa in. wg P v Fan velocity pressure Pa in. wg P v

42、x Velocity pressure at plane x Pa in. wg p b Corrected barometric pressure Pa in. Hg p e Saturated vapor pressure at t w Pa in. Hg p p Partial vapor pressure Pa in. Hg Q Fan airflow rate m 3 /s cfm, ft 3 /min Q x Airflow rate at plane x m 3 /s cfm, ft 3 /min R Gas constant J/kgK ftlb/lbmR Re Reynold

43、s number dimensionless T Torque Nm lbfin. t d Dry-bulb temperature C F t s Stagnation (total) temperature C F t w Wet-bulb temperature C F V Velocity m/s fpm, ft/min W x Electrical input power, where x indicates W Wthe input power boundary x Function used to determine K p dimensionless Y Nozzle expa

44、nsion factor dimensionless y Thickness of airflow straightener element m ft z Function used to determine K p dimensionless a Static pressure ratio for nozzles dimensionless s Diameter ratio for nozzles dimensionless g Ratio of specific heats dimensionless DP Pressure differential Pa in. wg h m Motor efficiency per unit h sx Fan static efficiency where x indicates per unitthe input power boundary