API TR 934-F PART 3-2017 Subcritical Cracking of Modern 2 Cr-1Mo- V Steel Due to Dissolved Internal Hydrogen and H2 Environment Research Report (FIRST EDITION).pdf

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1、Subcritical Cracking of Modern 2Cr-1Mo-V Steel Due to Dissolved Internal Hydrogen and H2Environment, Research ReportAPI TECHNICAL REPORT 934-F, PART 3FIRST EDITION, DECEMBER 2017Subcritical Cracking of Modern 2Cr-1Mo-V Steel Due to Dissolved Internal Hydrogen and H2Environment, Research ReportAPI TE

2、CHNICAL REPORT 934-F, PART 3FIRST EDITION, DECEMBER 2017Prepared under contract for API by:Dr. Richard P. GangloffEmeritus Ferman W. Perry Professor of Materials Science and EngineeringDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of Virginia, Cha

3、rlottesville, VirginiaKevin Nibur, Ph.D., P.E.Hy-Performance Testing, LLC17676 Paladin DriveBend, OR 97701Sylvain PillotIndusteel, ArcelorMittal Group-Le Creusot Research Center56 Rue Clmenceau BP 19-F71201Le Creusot, Cedex, FranceSpecial NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a gener

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15、 API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publication

16、s and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPageExecutive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xivBackground. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Literature

18、 Review of Hydrogen Cracking in Cr-Mo-V Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Research Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、 4Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Experimental Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Annex ACr-Mo-V Base Plate Spec

22、ifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Annex BCr-Mo-V Weld Metal Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Figures1 The effect of predissolved bulk total H concentration on KIHfor IHAC of several heats of modern low-impurity Cr-Mo base plate and weld metal stressed under

24、 slow-rising K at 23 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Welded test block of 2Cr-1Mo-0.27V steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Welded test block geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Autoclave assembly used for elevated-temperature H charging in a high-pressure H2environment . . . 85 The temperature dependence of the Sieverts law solubility coefficient for Cr-Mo and Cr-Mo-V steels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 The temperature dependence of the H diffusivity for Cr-Mo and Cr-Mo-V steels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Results of an error analysis relating the concentration of dissolved H (top axis,

27、in wppm) and the mass of the steel specimen analyzed (vertical axis, gm) to the error index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 C(T) specimen orientation in the welded blocks of 2Cr-1Mo-V steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Instrumentation elements of the IHAC test method .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510 Compact tension specimen and associated probes for IHAC testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1611 Apparatus used for high-pressure H2testing of compact tension specimens . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1812 Time-dependent H loss during isothermal exposure of 2Cr-1Mo-0.30V base metal in moist air at 23 C and 100 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2213 Time-dependent H loss during

30、isothermal exposure of 2Cr-1Mo-0.27V weld metal in moist air at 23 C and 100 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2214 The temperature dependence of trap-sensitive effective H diffusivity (DH-Eff) for weld metal

31、 and base plate of the 2Cr-1Mo-0.3V steel used in this API study of IHAC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2315 R-curve based fracture toughness for step-cooled 2Cr-1Mo-0.3V base plate and weld metal at two loading temperatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24vContentsPage16 (Top) Load and DCPD vs CMOD, and (bottom) definition of the onset of stable crack propagation based on amplified DCPD vs CMOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2517 Scanning electr

33、on fractographs showing ductile fracture in 2Cr-1Mo-0.3V base metal at 23 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2618 Crack extension vs applied KJfor C(T) specimens of 2Cr-1Mo-

34、0.3V base metal, with and without precharged H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2719 (Top left) DCPD vs CMOD and (bottom right) DCPD vs the J-integral to define the onset of crack extension at the indicate

35、d value of KIHfor specimen BM8A of 2Cr-1Mo-0.3V containing precharged H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2820 (Top) Stretch zone in 2Cr-1Mo-0.3V base metal without H (BM2A), (bottom left) stretch zone ap

36、pearance in a base metal specimen with precharged H (BM8A), and (bottom right) stretch zone in a H-precharged specimen of weld metal (WMA4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2921 The slope of DCPD vs CMOD, prior to the onset of organized crack extension, is parallel for noncharged base metal, no

37、ncharged weld metal, and H-precharged base metal at 26 C and 40 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3022 Measured DCPD vs CMOD (top) and calculated crack length from Johnsons equation vs CMOD

38、(bottom), using the first deviation in DCPDCMOD linearity as the onset of crack extension for specimen BM6A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3223 Measured DCPD vs CMOD (top) and calculated crack length from Johnsons equatio

39、n vs CMOD (bottom), using the first deviation in DCPDCMOD linearity as the onset of crack extension for specimen BM10A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3324 SEM fractographs of the zones of stretch and stable cracking ahead o

40、f the fatigue precrack shown in the bottom half of each image for: (top) BM6A and (bottom) BM10A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3425 Measured DCPD vs CMOD (top) and calculated crack length from Johnsons equation vs CMOD (bottom), using the first deviation in DCPDCMOD linearity as the onset

41、of crack extension for specimen BM4A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3626 SEM fractograph of the zones of fatigue precrack (bottom arrow), stretch/H cracking (middle arrow), and post-test cleavage (top arrow) specimen BM4A

42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3727 Measured DCPD vs CMOD (top) and SEM fractograph for specimen BM11A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3828 Measured DCPD vs CMOD (top) and SEM fractograph for weld metal specimen WMC4. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4029 Measured DCPD vs CMOD (top) a

43、nd calculated crack length from Johnsons equation vs CMOD (bottom), using the indicated deviation in DCPDCMOD linearity as the onset of crack extension for specimen WMD3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4130 SEM fractograph of the three zo

44、nes of cracking observed in the interrupted loading experiment with H-precharged weld metal specimen WMD3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4231 Macrophotographs of the fracture surfaces for interrupted specimens of Cr-Mo-V steel . . . . . . . . . . . . 4232 Measured DCPD vs C

45、MOD (top) and calculated crack length from Johnsons equation vs CMOD (bottom) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4333 Composite SEM fractographs of the fracture surface from specimen BM12-3

46、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44viContentsPage34 Macrophotographs of 2Cr-1Mo-0.30V base metal compact tension specimens that were fatigue precracked, H-precharged, stressed under slow-rising K in moist air, unloaded, and fractured in liquid nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4835 (Top) Load and DCPD vs CMOD. (Middle) Amplified definition of the onset of crack propagation using the defined departure in linear DCPD vs CMOD at the resulting value of KIH.(Bottom) Crack growth resistance curve

48、, given as the amount of stable crack growth vs applied elastic-plastic K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495036 Crack growth resistance curves, plotted as the elastic-plastic stress intensity factor vs crack ext

49、ension from DCPD, for H-precharged 2Cr-1Mo-0.3V base metal stressed under slow-rising K at 26 C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5137 Macrophotograph of the fracture surface of 2Cr-1Mo-0.3V base metal specimen BM8A, showing the fatigue precrack (bottom flat region), IHAC region (middle roughened features), and liquid nitrogen cleavage region (top) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5238 Sca