AASHTO TVF-1-2014 GUIDE FOR GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF TRANSIT FACILITIES ON HIGHWAYS AND STREETS.pdf

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1、444 North Capitol St. NW, Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001 (202) 624-5800 www.transportation.org Publication Code: TVF-1 ISBN: 978-1-56051-476-3 GUIDE FOR GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF TRANSIT FACILITIES ON HIGHWAYS AND STREETS GUIDE FOR GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF TRANSIT FACILITIES ON HIGHWAYS AND STREETS July 2014 2

2、014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, DC 20001 202-624-5800 phone/202-624-5806 fax www.transportation.org 2014 by the American Association of

3、 State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law. Publication Code: TVF-1 ISBN: 978-1-56051-522-7 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicabl

4、e law.iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AASHTO would like to thank the following panel members for their contribution to this publication. (Employer information is as of the time of their par- ticipation on the panel.)y TCRP D-09 John D. Wilkins, New Jersey Transit Manjiri G. Akalkotkar, CEPT University Philip J.

5、 Clark, New York State DOT Dennis G. Dal Santo, Illinois DOT Amy W. Datz, Florida DOT Katharine M. Hunter-Zaworski, Oregon State University Peter C. Martin, Wilbur Smith Associates Hak-Chul Shin, Jackson State University Robert C. Schlicht, Federal Highway Administration Terrell Williams, Federal Tr

6、ansit Administration James T. McDonnell, AASHTO Stephen Maher, Transportation Research Board David H. Clawson, AASHTO Gwen Chisholm-Smith, Transportation Research Boardy Practitioner Review Panel for the TCRP Project Lloyd Smith, Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Houston, Texas John L

7、aPlante, TYLin International Sam Schwartz, Sam Schwartz Company Ellen Bevington, Metro Transit, King County, Washington Lee Goodman, Consultant Tom Callow, City of Phoenix Gerard Sofian, New York City DOT Joe Palladi, Georgia DOT Koorosh Olyai, Dallas Area Rapid Transit Michael Ronkin, Oregon DOT Bi

8、ll James, HNTB Maurice Palumbo, Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District Rich Feder, Port Authority of Allegheny County Doug Lowe, Caltrans Bill Menzies, Winnipeg Kornel Musci, City of Ottaway NCHRP 20-7, Task 135 Howard P. Benn, Montgomery County (MD) Transit Carla L. Cefaratti, Ohio

9、 DOT Philip J. Clark, Bergmann Associates Edward R. Coven, Florida DOT Elizabeth Hilton, Tesxas DOT Robert C. Schlicht, Federal Highway Administration Sam Carnaggio, Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority Harvey Berlin, NCHRP James T. McDonnell, AASHTOy NCHRP 20-7, Task 296 Neil Boudreau, Massac

10、husetts DOT Rick Bruce, Ohio DOT Maurice Palumbo, Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District Brooke Struve, Federal Highway Administration Barton A. Thrasher, Virginia DOT Stephen W. Warren, Connecticut Transit Keith Platte, AASHTO With special thanks to Richard Coakley, P.E., PTOE, Pri

11、ncipal Transportation Engineer at CH2M Hill for his assistance in completing production of this publication. 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.iv AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND

12、TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS Executive Committee 20132014 Officers: President: Mike Hancock, Kentucky Vice President: John Cox, Wyoming Secretary-Treasurer: Carlos Braceras, Utah Executive Director: Bud Wright, Washington, D.C. Regional Representatives: REGION I: Chris Clement, New Hampshire Shailen Bha

13、tt, Delaware REGION II: Sherri LeBas, Louisiana John Schroer, Tennessee REGION III: Paul Trombino, Iowa Ann L. Schneider, Illinois REGION IV: John Halikowski, Arizona Malcolm Dougherty, California IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT: Michael P. Lewis, Rhode Island 2014 by the American Association of State High

14、way and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.v Members Alabama William F. Adams Rex Bush William C. Kelly Alaska Mark Jerome Neidhold Robert A. Campbell Arizona Dallas L. Hammit Arkansas Mike D. Fugett California Terry L. Abbott Kevin E. Hanley

15、Colorado Richard Zamora Connecticut Timothy Wilson William Britnell James H. Norman Delaware Mark C. Tudor Brian Thad McIlvaine District of Columbia Muhammed Khalid Florida Frank Timothy Sullivan Georgia Brent Story C. Andy Casey Russell R. McMurry Hawaii Julius B. Fronda Idaho Loren Thomas Monica L

16、. Crider Illinois Scott E. Stitt Indiana John E Wright Jeff Clanton Iowa Michael J. Kennerly Deanna L. Maifield Iowa Christopher C. Poole Kansas Rodney D. Lacy James O. Brewer Kentucky Robert K. Caudill Jeff D. Jasper Bradley S. Eldridge Louisiana Nick Kalivoda III Chad Winchester Members Maine Brad

17、ford P. FoleyHeath E. Cowan Maryland Kirk G. McClellandEric E. Marabello Massachusetts Stanley W. Wood Michigan Bradley C. Wieferich Minnesota Michael T. GinnatyJon M. Chiglo Mississippi John M. ReeseAmy MoodRichard Pittman Missouri Eric SchroeterKathy Harvey Montana Lesly TribelhornPaul Ferry Nebra

18、ska Ted WatsonJames J. Knott Nevada Paul M. Frost New Hampshire William J. Oldenburg New Jersey Richard G. Jaffe New Mexico Gabriela C. Apodaca New York State Daniel DAngeloRichard W. Lee North Carolina Debbie M. BarbourArt McMillanJay A. Bennett North Dakota Roger Weigel Ohio Dirk GrossJames D. You

19、ng Oklahoma Timothy A. Tegeler Oregon David Joe PollySteven R. Lindland Pennsylvania Barry Schoch Puerto Rico Jos E. Santana-PimenteLuis Santos Rhode Island Robert A Smith SubCOMMITTEE ON DESIGN Barry Schoch, Pennsylvania, Chair Richard Land, California, Vice Chair FHWA, Secretary Greta Smith, AASHT

20、O, Staff Liaison 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vi South Carolina Mark Lester Mitchell D. Metts George R. Bedenbaugh, Jr. South Dakota Mike Behm Mark A. Leiferman Tennessee Jeff C. Jone

21、s Carolyn A. Stonecipher Ali R. Hangul Texas Mark Marek Utah Lisa J. Wilson Fred Doehring Utah George C. Lukes Vermont Kevin S. Marshia Virginia Mohammad MirshahiBarton A. ThrasherRobert H. Cary Washington State Pasco BakotichTerry L. BerendsNancy Boyd West Virginia Gregory L. BaileyJason C. Foster

22、Wisconsin Jerry H. Zogg Wyoming Andrea AllenSandra A. PecenkaTony Laird Associate Members Alberta Transportation Moh Lali Korea Expressway Corporation Chan-Su C. Reem New Jersey Turnpike Authority J. Lawerence Williams Ontario Ministry of Transportation Joe Bucik Port Authority of New York and New J

23、ersey Scott D. Murrell Saskatchewan Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure Sukhy Kent Members Members 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.vii 2003 TASK FORCE ON PubLIC TRANSPORTATION FACILI

24、TIES DESIGNy Michelle Martin, Maryland SHAy Luisa Paiewonsky, Massachusetts Highway Departmenty Robert Schlicht, FHWAy Stephen Bates, Virginia DOT y Joseph P. Palladi, Georgia DOT y Michael Christensen, Minnesota DOT y Antonette C. Clark, Caltransy Carlos A. Lopez, Texas DOTy Dave McCormick, Washing

25、ton State DOTy Myron Swisher, Colorado DOTy Dennis Christiansen, Texas Transportation Institute y Chuck Fuhs, Parsons Brinckerhoffy Jon Obenberger, FHWA 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.

26、2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.ix CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODu CTION 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 1.2 AUDIENCE .1-2 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF GUIDELINES .1-2 1.4 USING THE GUIDE .1-3 1.5 REFERENCES .1-3 CHAPTer 2 P LAnninG A nd deCiSiOn-M AkinG 2.1 REGIONAL AND CORRIDOR PLANNING PROCESSES 2-2 2.2 INTEGRATING TRANSIT PROJECTS INTO ROADWAY PLANNING PROCESSES .2-12 2.3 S

28、UMMARY 2-14 2.4 REFERENCES 2-15 CHAPTER 3 DESIGN PARAMETERS AND CONTROLS 3.1 TRANSIT VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTROLS .3-1 3.2 ROADWAY DESIGN CONTROLS AND CRITERIA .3-17 3.3 TRANSIT QUALITY OF SERVICE AND CAPACITY CONSIDERATIONS .3-23 3.4 TRANSIT OPERATIONS AND INFRASTRUCTURE 3-31 3.5 REFERENCES

29、 3-33 CHAPTer 4 Bu S FACiLiTieS On Li MiTed ACCeSS HiGHwAyS 4.1 GENERAL PLANNING AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 4-2 4.2 TREATMENTS 4-5 4.3 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS .4-40 4.4 PROTECTING FUTURE NEEDS .4-49 4.5 REFERENCES 4-51 CHAPTER 5 GuIDELINES FOR buS FACILITIES ON STREETS AND ROADWAYS 5.1 GENERAL PLANN

30、ING AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 5-2 5.2 BUS STOP LOCATIONS AND DESIGN 5-9 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.x 5.3 BUS OPERATION IN SHARED LANES (MIXED TRAFFIC) .5-31 5.4 PRIORITY FACILITIESP

31、LANNING AND DESIGN 5-41 5.5 PRIORITY LANES .5-48 5.6 MEDIAN BUSWAYS AND STREETS .5-73 5.7 ENFORCEMENT 5-80 5.8 ITS DESIGN DETAILS 5-81 5.9 REFERENCES 5-88 CHAPTER 6 LIGHT RAIL AND STREETCAR FACILITIES ON STREETS AND HIGHWAYS 6.1 HISTORICAL CONTEXT .6-1 6.2 GENERAL PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES 6-4

32、6.3 GEOMETRIC DESIGN FEATURES .6-19 6.4 STOP AND STATION DESIGN 6-27 6.5 TRAFFIC CONTROLS 6-37 6.6 LRT/BUS LANE ENFORCEMENT .6-48 6.7 REFERENCES 6-49 CHAPTER 7 PEDESTRIAN AND bICYCLE ACCESS 7.1 PEDESTRIAN ACCESS 7-1 7.2 BICYCLE ACCESS .7-20 7.3 PASSENGER AMENITY/AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS .7-23 7.4 RE

33、FERENCES 7-24 APPENDICES A GLOSSAry A-1 B BiBLiOGr APHy B-1 C Bu S VeHiCLe CHAr ACTeriST iCS C.1 DESIGN VEHICLE GUIDANCE C-1 C.2 MINIMUM TURNING PATHS OF DESIGN VEHICLES C-2 C.3 REFERENCES C-12 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Dupli

34、cation is a violation of applicable law.xi D Busways D.1 DESIGN APPROACH D-1 D.2 BUSWAY GEOMETRY . D-5 D.3 BUSWAY DESIGN . D-16 D.4 ADDITIONAL FIGURES FOR BUSWAYS D-28 D.5 REFERENCES D-35 E Off-LinE TransiT faciLiTiEs E.1 PLANNING AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS E-1 E.2 PARKING AND ACCESS DESIGN .E-16 E.3

35、 BUSPASSENGER INTERFACE DESIGN .E-31 E.4 COMMUNITY INTEGRATION .E-49 E.5 REFERENCES E-57 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.xii LIST OF FIGu RES CHAPTer 2 P LAnninG A nd deCiSiOn-M AkinG Fi

36、gure 2-1. NEPA Process and Documentation Options 2-7 Figure 2-2. Transportation System Planning Process .2-10 Figure 2-3. Typical Corridor Planning and Project Development Process .2-11 Figure 2-4. Transit Inputs into Typical Roadway Planning and Development Process .2-14 CHAPTER 3 DESIGN PARAMETERS

37、 AND CONTROLS Figure 3-1. Typical 12.2-m (40-ft) Urban Transit Bus .3-2 Figure 3-2. Intercity Bus .3-4 Figure 3-3. Double-Decker Bus 3-4 Figure 3-4. Minimum Turning Path for a Typical Transit Design Vehicle .3-6 Figure 3-5. Example of Bicycle Rack on Standard Bus 3-8 Figure 3-6. Minimum Turning Path

38、 for a Typical Bus with Bicycle Rack .3-9 Figure 3-7. Bus Underside Clearance Angles 3-10 Figure 3-8. Mechanical (Raised Curb) Guideway, Essen, Germany 3-10 Figure 3-9. Mechanical (Raised Curb) Guideway, Essen, Germany 3-11 Figure 3-10. Optically Guided CIVIS Bus in Las Vegas, Nevada 3-12 Figure 3-1

39、1. Modern Articulated LRV 3-13 Figure 3-12. Dynamic Envelope for a Single LRT Track 3-17 Figure 3-13. Turning Clearance Requirements for Streetcar and LRV 3-18 Figure 3-14. Bus Lane on Freeway Shoulder 3-22 Figure 3-15. Person Capacity Ranges of United States and Canadian Transit Modes .3-26 Figure

40、3-16. Typical Transit Speed and Capacity Ranges of United States and Canadian Transit Modes .3-27 CHAPTer 4 Bu S FACiLiTieS On Li MiTed ACCeSS HiGHwAyS Figure 4-1. Typical Cross Sections for Concurrent-Flow Buffer Separated Lanes 4-7 Figure 4-2. Typical Cross-Section for Concurrent Flow Right Side L

41、anes .4-8 Figure 4-3. Typical Cross Sections for Two-Way Barrier-Separated Lanes 4-9 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.xiii Figure 4-4. Typical Cross Sections for Reversible Lanes . . . .

42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10 Figure 4-5. Typical Cross Sections for Busway or HOV Facility in Separate Rights-of-Way 4-11 Figure 4-6. Typical Cross Sections for Contraflow Lanes .4-12 Figure 4-7. Typical Layout for a Bus/HOV Bypass at a Metered Freeway Ent

43、rance Ramp 4-13 Figure 4-8. Typical Layout for a Separate Bus/HOV Bypass on a Metered Freeway .4-13 Figure 4-9. Example of a Bus/HOV Drop Ramp 4-14 Figure 4-10. Typical Layouts for Bus/HOV Lane Entrance 4-15 Figure 4-11. Typical Layouts for Bus/HOV Lane Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15 Figure 4-12. Typical Layouts of Slip Ramps with Weave Lanes 4-16 Figure 4-13. Bus Turnouts .4-18 Figure 4-14. Typical Pedestrian Overpasses on Major Highways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23 Figure 4-15. Example High-Speed Freew

45、ay On-Line Stations .4-25 Figure 4-16. Choosing a Station Type 4-27 Figure 4-17. Example of Right-Side, On-Line Station Stop, I-110, Los Angeles, California 4-28 Figure 4-18. Example of Right-Side, On-Line Stop, I-5, Seattle, Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-29 Figure 4-19. R

46、ight-Side Bus Stops at Freeway Level 4-30 Figure 4-20. Right-Side Bus Stops at Freeway LevelDiamond Interchange 4-31 Figure 4-21. Sample of Right-Side Stops .4-32 Figure 4-22. Sample Median-Side Stop, Side Platform with Through Lane 4-34 Figure 4-23. Sample Median-Side Stop, Side Platform with No Th

47、rough Lane .4-35 Figure 4-24. On-Line Station on I-110, Los Angeles, California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35 Figure 4-25. Pedestrian Access on On-Line Station on I-110, Los Angeles, California .4-36 Figure 4-26. Mountlake Terrace Station on I-5, Seat

48、tle, Washington 4-36 Figure 4-27. Mountlake Terrace Station on I-5, Seattle, Washington 4-37 Figure 4-28. Sample Median-Side Stop, Center Platform 4-37 Figure 4-29. HOV Direct Access Ramp Serving Bus Transfers at an Intersection .4-38 Figure 4-30. Freeway Interchange Bus Stop Using a Driveway .4-40

49、Figure 4-31. Freeway Interchange Bus Stop Using a Driveway .4-41 Figure 4-32. Bus Stops at Street Level on Diamond Interchange 4-42 Figure 4-33. Cross Sections of Enforcement Areas on Reversible Lanes 4-45 2014 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.xiv Figure 4-34. Cross Sections of Enforcement Areas on Concurrent-Flow Buffer-Separated Lanes 4-46 Figure 4-35. Directional and Bi-Directional Enforcem