AASHTO M 144-2014 Standard Specification for Calcium Chloride.pdf

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1、Standard Specification for Calcium Chloride AASHTO Designation: M 144-14 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4c M 144-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Calcium Chloride AASHTO Designation: M 144-14 1.

2、 SCOPE 1.1. This specification covers technical grade calcium chloride used for pretreatment of and deicing road surfaces, dust control, stabilizing and conditioning road surfaces, and for accelerating the set of concrete not reinforced with steel. Other uses may also be appropriate. 1.2. This speci

3、fication is applicable for orders in either SI units or inch-pound units. SI and inch-pound units are not necessarily equivalent. Inch-pound units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are applicable values when the material is ordered. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standard:

4、 T 143, Sampling and Testing Calcium Chloride for Roads and Structural Applications 2.2. ASTM Standards: D98, Standard Specification for Calcium Chloride D1429, Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Water and Brine 3. CLASSIFICATION 3.1. The types, concentrations, grades, and classes shall b

5、e as specified in ASTM D98. 3.2. This specification also covers calcium chloride used in the form of brine, defined as a liquid saturated with chloride. 4. ORDERING INFORMATION 4.1. Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information as necessary to adequately descri

6、be the desired product: 4.1.1. AASHTO designation and year of issue; 4.1.2. Type, grade, and class of product required; 4.1.3. Quantity required; 4.1.4. Special requirements (including packaging size, marking requirements, and special shipping instructions), if required; and 4.1.5. Testing and certi

7、fication, if required. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 144-2 AASHTO 5. CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1. The chemical composition for the calcium chloride ordered shall comply with the r

8、equirements of ASTM D98. 5.2. A current Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is required for the calcium chloride ordered and, as appropriate, the current MSDS for any anticaking agents or other additives used is also required. 5.3. Calcium chloride brine shall be at a solution concentration of 30 perc

9、ent CaCl2by weight. Note 1Agencies may allow a variation of the required concentration when considering expected minimum roadway temperatures and performance needs based on the phase diagram shown in Figure X1.1. 6. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS 6.1. Solid forms of calcium chloride shall comply with the gra

10、ding in ASTM D98 for the grade and class ordered. 6.2. Anticaking agents may be specified to prevent stockpiles from crusting over or forming clumps of product. 6.3. Brine: 6.3.1. Calcium chloride brine shall be delivered at a solution concentration of 30 percent CaCl2by weight with a specific gravi

11、ty of 1.295 when tested in accordance with ASTM D1429, Method D. Note 2Agencies may allow a variation of the required concentration when considering expected minimum roadway temperatures and performance needs based on the phase diagram shown in Figure X1.1. 7. SAMPLING AND TESTING 7.1. Sampling shal

12、l comply with the requirements of T 143, when required. 7.2. Testing shall comply with the requirements of T 143, when required. 7.3. When sampling and testing are performed after delivery, a tolerance of 1 percent below the minimum chemical content of calcium chloride is acceptable when sampled and

13、 tested in accordance with T 143, when the packaging is not damaged, and when the material has not become caked or otherwise contaminated. 7.4. Sampling Calcium Chloride Brine: 7.4.1. A minimum of three samples shall be selected from each storage tank or truck to form a composite sample. 7.4.2. The

14、composite sample of brine shall be tested in accordance with ASTM D1429, Method D. 8. REJECTION 8.1. Calcium chloride that fails to conform to the requirements of this specification may be rejected. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. D

15、uplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 144-3 AASHTO 8.2. Calcium chloride that has become caked, sticky, or otherwise contaminated during shipment may also be rejected, whether it has been tested or not. 8.3. Calcium chloride brine containing undissolved clumps of solid calcium chloride

16、 or other solid contaminants may be rejected. 9. CERTIFICATION 9.1. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a suppliers certification shall be furnished stating that representative samples have been inspected and tested in accordance with this specification and have been found to meet the

17、requirements of the material described in the order. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished. 10. PACKAGING AND MARKING 10.1. Both solid and liquid forms of calcium chloride shall be packaged and transported in such a manner that they are pro

18、tected from moisture and contamination. 10.2. Each container or package of calcium chloride shall be identified by the following, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or contract: 10.2.1. Manufacturers name, 10.2.2. Product name, 10.2.3. Net weight, and 10.2.4. Percentage of calcium chlo

19、ride guaranteed. 10.3. Calcium chloride brine shall include the identification in Section 10.2 for the product prior to it being mixed into brine. 11. KEYWORDS 11.1. Brine; calcium chloride; deicing salts; stabilization. APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) X1. PRODUCTION OF BRINE USING CALCIUM CHLOR

20、IDE X1.1. Brine is defined as a liquid that is saturated or nearly full of chloride. X1.2. Calcium chloride brine is available commercially, and some agencies are producing brine on site using either commercially available production systems or agency-constructed systems. X1.3. Calcium chloride brin

21、e generates heat and expands when dissolved in water. Therefore, the brine will occupy more space initially after mixing than after cooling. Allowance for the expansion should be considered when mixing on site. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights

22、 reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c M 144-4 AASHTO X1.4. The desired concentration of calcium chloride brine that reflects the lowest freezing point of the solution is 30 percent. Figure X1.1 exhibits the phase diagram of calcium chloride brine and the narrow range of effec

23、tiveness as the concentration varies from the optimum. Figure X1.1Phase Diagram of Sodium Chloride and Calcium Chloride Brine X1.5. Calcium chloride brine concentration can be adjusted during production by either dilution or reprocessing through the mixing operation to achieve the desired concentrat

24、ion. X1.6. FHWA-RD-95-202, Manual of Practice for an Effective Anti-Icing Program, provides detailed information about the production of brines. X1.7. Some agencies include requirements for the addition of corrosion inhibitor to the brine. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.