API RP 687-2001 Rotor Repair (First Edition)《回转轴的修复.第1版》.pdf

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1、Rotor RepairAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 687FIRST EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2001REAFFIRMED, MARCH 2015Rotor RepairDownstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 687FIRST EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2001REAFFIRMED, MARCH 2015SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to part

2、ic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor

3、 undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety da

4、ta sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring an

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9、ny part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the gen-eral manager.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgm

10、ent regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard i

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12、ransmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2001 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDAPI publications

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15、et, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.iiiCONTENTS CHAPTER 1PageCHAPTER 1 ROTOR REPAIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1CHAPTER 2 SPECIAL PURPOSE CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS . . . . . . . . . . 2-1CHAPTER 3 SPECIAL PURPOSE AXIAL COMPRESSORS . . . . . . .

16、 . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1CHAPTER 4 SPECIAL PURPOSE STEAM TURBINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1CHAPTER 5 SPECIAL PURPOSE GEARS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1CHAPTER 6 SPECIAL PURPOSE EXPANDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17、. . 6-1CHAPTER 7 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT ROTARY SCREW TYPECOMPRESSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1vCONTENTSCHAPTER1ROTORREPAIRCONTENTS CHAPTER 1Page1 SCOPE/DEFINITION/REFERENCE STANDARDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11.

18、1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11.2 Alternative Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11.3 Conflicting Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11.4 Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11.5 Referenced Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

20、1.6 Statutory Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41.7 Unit Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-42 PROCESS FOR OVERHAULING AND REFURBISHING A ROTOR. . . . . .

21、 . . . . 1-42.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-42.2 Typical Sequence of Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-42.3 Owner Supplied Information. . . . . . .

22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-52.4 Initial Scope of Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-52.5 Upgrade Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . 1-52.6 Developing the Scope of Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-53 SELECTION OF A REPAIR SHOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-63.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-64 COMMUNICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-64.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. 1-64.2 Meetings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-64.3 Electronic Drawing and Data Transmittal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-64.4 Post-Shipment Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-65 TRANSPORT TO VENDORS SHOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-75.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-76 RECEIVING I

27、NSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-76.1 Receiving of Rotor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-76.2 Receiving Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-77 INSPECTION OF ASSEMBLED ROTOR, PHASE I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-77.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-77.2 Rotor Inspection. . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-78 INSPECTION METHODS AND TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-98.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、. . . . . . . 1-98.2 Component Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-99 REPAIR PROCESSES AND NEW COMPONENT MANUFACTURE. . . . . . . . . 1-119.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-119.2 Shaft Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-119.3 Coupling Shaft End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-129.4 Thrust Collars. . . . .

32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-129.5 Shaft Sleeves and Spacers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-129.6 Radial Runouts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-129.7 New Component Manufacture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13iiiPage10 ROTOR ASSEMBLY AND BALANCING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1310.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1310.2 Low Speed Component Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1310.3 Low Speed Assembly Balancing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1410.4 R

35、esidual Unbalance Testing and Installation of Trim Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1610.5 Balancing Equipment And Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1610.6 High Speed (At Speed) Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36、1-1611 PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT AND STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1811.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1811.2 Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1811.3 Rotor Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1811.4 Packing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

38、912 DOCUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1912.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1912.2 Proposals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1912.3 Contract Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1912.4 Document Retention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、 . . . . . . . 1-19APPENDIX A PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF RESIDUALUNBALANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21APPENDIX B NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION METHODS. . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29APPENDIX C MAIN DRIVE COUPLINGS . . . . . . . . . . . .

41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-37APPENDIX D RESTORATION METHODS (OVERVIEW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-49APPENDIX E FLUID FILM BEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-55APPENDIX F TOTAL INDICATOR READING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、. . . . . . . . . . . 1-63APPENDIX G VENDOR DATA DRAWING REQUIREMENTS (VDDR) . . . . . . . 1-69APPENDIX H AUDITORS CHECK LIST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-73APPENDIX I SELECTION OF A REPAIR SHOP CHECK LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-85APPENDIX J SHIPPING CO

43、NTAINERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-105APPENDIX K QUALITY/MANUFACTURING PLAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-111APPENDIX L ANTI-FOULING/CORROSION RESISTANT/PERFORMANCEIMPROVEMENT COATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-12

44、7APPENDIX M EXAMPLES OF BEARING DAMAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-133Figures1.A-1 (Blank) Residual Unbalance Work Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-231.A-2 (Blank) Residual Unbalance Polar Plot Work Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-241.A-3

45、 Sample Residual Unbalance Work Sheet for Left Plane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-251.A-4 Sample Residual Unbalance Polar Plot Work Sheet for Left Plane . . . . . . . .1-261.A-5 Sample Residual Unbalance Work Sheet for Right Plane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-271.A-6 Sample Residual Unbalanc

46、e Polar Plot Work Sheet for Right Plane . . . . . . .1-28ivPage1.B-1 Steps in Liquid Penetrant Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-301.B-2 Principles of Magnetic Particle Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-321.B-3 Equivalent Hard

47、ness Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-351.C-1 Hub Dimensional Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-411.C-2 Axial Pull-Up Tapered Coupling Hubs for 0.001 in. (I) per in. Diameter Interference . . . . .

48、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-451.E-1 Preload Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-571.E-2 Stack Height Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49、. . . . . . .1-591.F-1 Typical Horizontal Dial Test Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-631.F-2 Proper Positioning of Contact Stylus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-641.F-3 Inclination Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-641.F-4 Roundness Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-651.J-1 Commercial Shipment Boxing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1071.J-2 Steel Conta