API PUBL 4722-2002 Groundwater Sensitivity Toolkit (Includes Access to Additional Content)《地下水敏感性工具箱》.pdf

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1、 Access to Additional Content for PUBL 4722 (Click here to view the publication) This Page is not part of the original publication This page has been added by IHS as a convenience to the user in order to provide access to additional content as authorized by the Copyright holder of this document Clic

2、k the link(s) below to access the content and use normal procedures for downloading or opening the files. Files associated with PUBL 4722 Information contained in the above is the property of the Copyright holder and all Notice of Disclaimer however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty,

3、or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict. Comments and suggested revisions are

4、 invited and should be submitted to: gwsensitivitytoolkitlistserve.api.org The following individuals are recognized for their contributions in the development of this toolkit: James Crowley, Santa Clara Valley Water District Jim Davidson, Alpine Environmental Harley Hopkins, American Petroleum Insti

5、tute Dan Irvin, Conoco Urmas Kelmser, ChevronTexaco Vic Kremesec, BP Matthew Lahvis, Shell Global Solutions Ronald Linsky, National Water Research Institute Mark Malander, ExxonMobil Norm Novick, ExxonMobil Roger Pierno, Santa Clara Valley Water District Rey Rodriguez, H2O R2 Consultants Curt Stanle

6、y, Shell Global Solutions Scott Tenney, ExxonMobil GROUNDWATER SENSITIVITY TOOLKIT Version 1.0 August 2002 2 ABOUT THE GROUNDWATER SENSITIVITY TOOLKIT The Groundwater Sensitivity Toolkit was designed to help site managers, water purveyors and regulators evaluate the sensitivity of a groundwater reso

7、urce to a potential release at a particular site. This screening tool cannot anticipate all factors that may affect groundwater sensitivity at a given site. Therefore managers, purveyors, and regulators may need to consider other factors as well. The toolkit examines three aspects of sensitivity: Na

8、tural Sensitivity Receptor Vulnerability Resource Value The user enters in site-specific information about the site, and the Toolkit returns a three-section “scorecard“ addressing the three aspects of sensitivity. This scorecard may be used to prioritize and categorize the sites in a catalog. The Gr

9、oundwater Sensitivity Toolkit was developed for the American Petroleum Institute and the California MTBE Research Partnership by Groundwater Services, Inc. GROUNDWATE R S E NS IT IV IT Y TOOLKIT Version 1. 0 August 2002 3 QUICK START MI NI MUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS The G r oundwater Sens itivity T ool

10、k it may be us ed on a c om puter system r unning W indows 98/NT /2000/X P and Mic r os of t ExcelTM97SR- 1/2000/X P. A minimum of 64 MB of system memory, 25 MB of free dis k s pac e and vir t ual memory is r equir ed. INSTALLATION The G r oundwater Sens itivity T oolk it is dis t r ibuted as a self

11、 -extracting ZIP f ile, Setup.ex e, c ontaining the f o llowing f iles : Sens itiv ity . x ls Sens itivity toolk it Sens itiv ity . c h m Help f ile Readme.tx t Readm e Cas eStudy .x ls Cas e Study ex am ple f ile The us er will be pr om pted to s pec if y the dir ec t or y on wh i c h to ex tr ac t

12、 the f iles . By def ault, the zi p f ile will ex tr ac t into c :Sens itivity. Ex trac ting the pr ogr am into another f older s hould not c aus e any pr oblem s , although the us er may want to c hec k wi t h the networ k adm inis tr ator bef or e attem pting to ins t all it on a c entr al server.

13、 It is nec es s ar y to k eep the help file and the Mic r os oft ExcelTMfile together , and to maintain the or iginal names . In addition, the us er may als o want to set the Sens itivity. x ls f ile to r ead- only, to minimize the c hanc e of c or r upting the macros dur ing us e. DATA INPUT AN D O

14、UTPUT The toolk it wa s des igned to run under Mic r os of t ExcelTMwi t h Vis ual Bas ic for Applic ations ( VBA) . Input values ar e enter ed into s pr eads heet c e lls and navigation am ong the c e lls on eac h individual input screen can be per f or m ed us ing the arrow keys or the m ous e, ju

15、st as wi t h any s pr eads heet. The individual s c r eens of the toolk it may be pr inted us ing the buttons pr ovided or by us ing the “Pr int“ c om m and (Ctrl+P) c om m and in Mic r os of t ExcelTMs “F ile“ m enu. ON-LINE HE LP Eac h input and output screen is des c r ibed in f ur t her detail i

16、n this m anual and in the on- line Help tex t. To access on- line help for a par tic ular input section, c lic k on the help buttons loc ated throughout the software. TECHNICAL SUPPORT Limited technical support related to compatibility issues for the Groundwater Sensitivity Toolkit is available from

17、 GSI via phone at 713-522-6300, fax via 713-522-8010, or email at gwsensitivitytoolkitlistserve.api.org. Please be sure to include contact information, the version of the toolkit, and the version of Microsoft Windows/Office that you are using. GROUNDWATER SENSITIVITY TOOLKIT Version 1.0 August 2002

18、4 INTRODUCTION PURPOSE Groundwater sensitivity is a key consideration in the development and implementation of appropriate corrective actions at potential release sites, such as leaking underground storage tanks, landfills, and other sources. Experience shows that actual impacts on critical water su

19、pply resources have occurred at a relatively small number of sites. Due to the risk of potential exposure, these high-sensitivity sites should warrant a large percentage of the available public and private resources for release prevention, assessment, and remediation. However, practical, site-specif

20、ic measures of groundwater sensitivity may not be sufficiently considered in release prevention efforts and the development of remediation goals. As a result, low sensitivity and high sensitivity sites may be frequently treated as equivalent concerns. This results in an inefficient allocation of ava

21、ilable remediation/prevention dollars. The Groundwater Sensitivity Toolkit is a decision support expert system that allows a user to enter site-specific parameters to generate a scorecard for that site. This scorecard, when compared to the scores for other sites in a portfolio, gives the decision-ma

22、ker insight into how resources should be allocated amongst the portfolio. METHOD This scorecard is based on three separate but related issues for a site: Resource Value Importance of the groundwater to water purveyors, municipalities, domestic groundwater users, or natural systems. Receptor Vulnerab

23、ility Impact of a release to groundwater to existing (not potential) receptors who are using groundwater from any hydrogeological unit. Natural Sensitivity Effectiveness of natural factors (such as the depth to water, soil type, etc.) in preventing a release at this location from impacting groundwat

24、er. A user may enter data for up to three aquifers for a site. For each aquifer, a HIGH, MEDIUM, or LOW score is determined for each of the three issues. The results may be printed out, and the project may be saved to a data file for later revision. GROUNDWATER SENSITIVITY TOOLKIT Version 1.0 August

25、 2002 5 MAIN SCREEN The main screen serves as the central point for the toolkit. It is the launch point to all other sections of the toolkit and is the place where general information about the project, such as name, location, date, and aquifer names is entered. The main screen is also the place in

26、the toolkit where the user may create, load, and save data input files. PROJECT INFORMATION Basic site and project information is entered here and will be displayed on all input and output screens for easy identification and recordkeeping. DEEPER HYDROGEOLOGIC UNITS This question asks if there are m

27、ultiple units under consideration. Click yes if there are multiple units, or if the unit under consideration has overlying hydrogeologic units. NAME OF HYDROGEOLOGIC UNITS The toolkit permits the user to enter information for up to three hydrogeologic units. This is where you may enter a name for th

28、e unit. For sites where there is only one unit of interest, the user can enter information for the Top Unit only. Entering a name into either the Middle or Bottom Unit spaces will display the buttons for that unit in the Evaluation Steps section. GROUNDWATE R S E NS IT IV IT Y TOOLKIT Version 1. 0 A

29、ugust 2002 6 EVALUATION STEPS The buttons loc ated on the Evaluation Steps screen pr ovide a gateway for all other input pages in the pr oj ec t. By def ault, the buttons for the m iddle and bottom units ar e hidden. To dis p lay the other two units , a nam e must be enter ed in the Hydr ogeologic U

30、nits section. COMMANDS New Sit e: Clear s all input values , resets options for the c ur r ent pr oj ec t, and r es t or es any def ault values . If the c ur r ent data set is not s aved, a m es s age will pr om pt the us er to either save or discard any c hanges . Load Sit e: Loads the input values

31、 and options for a pr evious ly saved pr oj ec t data set. If the c ur r ent pr oj ec t data set is not s aved, a m es s age will pr om pt the us er to either save or discard any c hanges . Sav e Sit e: Saves all input vales and options for the c ur r ent data set as a s epar ate Mic r os of t Excel

32、TMwor k book (a .x ls f ile) . Saved data f iles do not have to be in the sam e dir ec t or y as applic ation f iles for the G r oundwater Sens itivity T oolk it. Note: W or k book s c r eated by this method ar e formatted for us e with the Sens itiv ity T oolk it. Editing the files s hould only be

33、done with the Sens itiv ity T oolk it, and attempting to c hange the files manually in Mic r os oft ExcelTMmay c or r upt the data file. Quit: Quits the G r oundwater Sens itivity T oolk it. Prin t Pag e : O pens the Pr int Pr eview for the s heet, and allows the user to print the sheet. New User: O

34、pens the Office Assistant to guide first-time users. This option only works for users of Office 2000 and XP. New User Guide GROUNDWATER SENSITIVITY TOOLKIT Version 1.0 August 2002 7 RESOURCE VALUE The Resource Value is an indication of the potential a water-bearing unit has for becoming a usable wat

35、er supply or a resource to support natural systems. The first four questions address any policy-based usage of this aquifer. In the toolkit, policy-based considerations override the engineering considerations when determining resource value for an aquifer. The fifth question, in two parts, addresses

36、 the two major limitations on water production from an aquifer. POLICY QUESTIONS 1. If groundwater use is precluded by some type of regulation or law (such as a no-pumping rule) then the Res our c e Value is def ined as LO W as it is not us able as a r es our c e for water-supply purposes. 2. If the

37、 water-bearing unit is a sole-source aquifer as defined by federal or state regulations, then the Res our c e Value is def ined as H IG H as the water - bear ing unit is a vit a l wa t e r supply resource. 3. If the water-bearing unit is currently being used in the vicinity of the site of interest,

38、then the Res our c e Value is c ons ider ed to be H IG H as it is a us able wa t e r s upply r es our c e. For the purposes of this software, the software development committee used a distance of 2500 ft to determine if water supply wells (either domestic, municipal, irrigation, or industrial) that

39、are screened in the water-bearing unit have the potential for being affected by the site of interest. This distance was based on general experience about the potential conservative (high-end) length of contaminant plumes. 4. If there is a formally adopted water supply plan (adopted by regulatory bod

40、y such as a city, county, regional planning board, state, etc.) that indicates that the unit may be used as a GROUNDWATER SENSITIVITY TOOLKIT Version 1.0 August 2002 8 drinking water supply in the near future (i.e., within a few years), then the Resource Value is autom atic ally upgr aded to MEDIUM.

41、RESOURCE USABILITY: Well Yield Determination of well yield addresses the ability of a unit to produce water and is a primary concern when deciding if a water-bearing unit with no production or policy information has the potential to become a water supply resource. The well yield is determined from c

42、alculations based on hydraulic conductivity, aquifer thickness, and confining head. The software development committee developed the following rules to define Resource Value as a function of well yield based on regulatory approaches used in several states: Well Yield Resource Value Rating above 1440

43、00 gpd (100 gpm) HIGH between 200 and 144000 gpd MEDIUM less than 200 gpd LOW RESOURCE USABILITY: Water Quality The quality of water in an aquifer is another primary concern that determines resource value. Total dissolved solids (TDS) adversely affect aquifer quality, and any water produced from a h

44、igh TDS aquifer often precludes use of a groundwater resource as a water supply. Water Quality Resource Value Rating TDS below 500 mg/L HIGH TDS between 500 and 3000 mg/L MEDIUM TDS above 3000 mg/L LOW In addition, the software asks the user if a regional contaminant (such as nitrate) is above the M

45、CL ( either s ec ondar y or pr im ar y) . If it is , then the Res our c e Value is def ined as being LOW.Examples of regional contaminants include nitrate, radium, coliform, and some wide-scale man-made contaminants (wide-scale means not from a particular site of interest). In many cases, the region

46、al contaminant will come from diffuse non-point sources rather than from a particular site. The Resource Value addresses the potential of usage for that aquifer, and considerations regarding the aquifer proximity to surface water bodies or other discharge points to another unit are addressed in othe

47、r sections of the toolkit. The final Resource Value is the lower of the two usability criteria unless the answer to question 4 is “yes,“ in wh i c h case the sof tware autom atic ally upgr ades the r es our c e value to at leas t a MEDIUM.GROUNDWATER SENSITIVITY TOOLKIT Version 1.0 August 2002 9 RES

48、OURCE TO SUPPORT NATURAL SYSTEMS Many of the criteria above are related to drinking water supply issues. For the purposes of this general planning software, the software development committee is assuming that resource value related to water supply issues will be a good estimate in most cases for the

49、 value of a water-bearing unit to natural systems. GROUNDWATER SENSITIVITY TOOLKIT Version 1.0 August 2002 10 RECEPTOR VULNERABILITY The Receptor Vulnerability section addresses the impact of a release to groundwater to existing (not potential) receptors that are using groundwater from any hydrogeological unit. An aquifer may be affected by horizontal migration of a contaminant to the extraction point, or by vertical migration from a shallower unit. Two key points are: 1. Analysis of vertical vulnerability will not be needed for the shallowest water-be