ASTM D1571D1571M-95(2017) Standard Specification for Woven Asbestos Cloth.pdf

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1、Designation: D1571/D1571M 95 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forWoven Asbestos Cloth1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1571/D1571M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio

2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers woven asbestos cloth having aminimum of 75 % asbestos fiber by weight, excluding the massof other inorga

3、nic reinforcing strands which may be present.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the t

4、wo systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement pr

5、oducts, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.4 The following safety caveat pertains only to the testmethods portion, Section 13, described in this specificati

6、on:This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific safety

7、 hazard, see 1.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Tec

8、hnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD299 Specification for Asbestos YarnsD1682 Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation ofTextile Fabric (Withdrawn 1992)4D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD1910

9、Methods of Test for Construction Characteristics ofWoven Fabrics; Replaced by D 3773, D 3774, D 3775,D 3776, D 3882, D 3883 (Withdrawn 1981)4D1918 Test Method for Asbestos Content of Asbestos Tex-tilesD2100 Specification for Asbestos Textiles Used for Electri-cal Insulating PurposesD2946 Terminology

10、 for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProductsD3774 Test Method for Width of Textile FabricD3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Countof Woven FabricsD3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabric3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification,

11、 refer to Terminology D123. For asbestos terms,refer to Terminology D2946.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 asbestos textile, nhydrous magnesium silicate ser-pentine mineral designated as chrysotile and having the em-pirical formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4.4. Classification4.1 The classes of asbestos cloth are based on t

12、he nature ofthe yarns from which they are woven.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC17.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Pub

13、lished July 2017. Originally approvedin 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1571/D1571M 95(2009)1.DOI: 10.1520/D1571_D1571M-95R17.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceast

14、m.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942

15、8-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techni

16、cal Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.1.1 Class ACloth constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing no reinforcing strands.4.1.2 Class BCloth constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing wire reinforcement.4.1.3 Class CCloth constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing organic reinforcing strands.4.1.4 Cl

17、ass DCloth constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing nonmetallic inorganic reinforcing strands.4.1.5 Class ECloth constructed of two or more of theyarns used in cloth Classes A through D.4.2 GradesThe grades of asbestos cloth are based on thepercentage of asbestos content by mass as stated in Table

18、1.4.3 Styles:4.3.1 The style designation employed by the ATI uses botha numerical and alphabetical classification. In metallic cloths,the first two digits denote the weight per square yard expressedin ounces. The letter “M” indicates that the fabric is made withmetallic or wire-inserted yarns, and t

19、he final digit or digitsindicate the cut number of the yarns employed. In plain ornon-metallic cloths, the meaning of each numerical designationis the same as that used in the metallic cloth classification. Thealphabetical letter designates the weave used. The letter “P”stands for plain weave, “H” i

20、ndicates a herringboneconstruction, and “T” denotes a twill.4.3.2 Typical styles of non-metallic asbestos cloths arepresented in Table 2.4.3.3 Typical styles of metallic (wire-inserted) asbestoscloths are presented in Table 3.5. Ordering Information5.1 Woven asbestos cloth is normally purchased on t

21、he basisof class, grade, weave, style, mass per unit area (weight),thickness, and width as specified in the order. Asbestos cloth isnormally furnished in rolls of 50 or 100 m 50 or 100 yd.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 YarnAsbestos cloth shall be uniformly woven from aspecified grade of asbestos ya

22、rn with or without reinforcement.6.2 Wire ReinforcementThe wire reinforcement may bebrass, copper, zinc, nickel, nichrome, inconel, monel, or othermetal or alloy as specified in the order.6.3 Organic ReinforcementThe organic reinforcementsmay be cotton, nylon, rayon or other spun or filament yarn(s)

23、as specified in the order.6.4 Inorganic ReinforcementThe inorganic reinforcementmay be glass, or other ceramic or vitreous spun or filamentyarn(s) as specified in the order.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Asbestos ContentThe asbestos content of the particu-lar grade specified shall conform to the limits

24、stated in Table 1.8. Physical Properties8.1 Electromagnetic PropertiesCloth to be used for elec-trical insulating purposes shall conform to the requirements inSpecification D2100.9. Mechanical Properties9.1 Tensile (Breaking) StrengthThe breaking strength(breaking load) of asbestos cloth shall be as

25、 agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations10.1 WidthThe width of asbestos cloth shall be within thefollowing limits:Nominal Width Permissible LimitsUptoandincluding1m40in. 12mm0.5in.Over 1 m 40 in. up to and including 1.5 m 60 in. 19 mm 0.75 in.

26、Over 1.5 m 60 in. 25 mm 1.00 in.10.2 Thickness:10.2.1 The thickness of asbestos cloth shall be within thefollowing limits:Nominal Thickness Permissible Limits1.25 mm 0.050 in. and under 0.12 mm 0.005 in.Over 1.25 mm 0.050 in. +0.25 mm 0.010 in.0.12 mm 0.005 in.10.2.2 The thicknesses of single-ply cl

27、oths range fromapproximately 0.4 to 2.5 mm 0.015 in. to 0.100 in. Fabricsup to 40 mm 1.5 in. in thickness can be woven in multi-plyconstruction.10.3 Mass per Unit Area (Weight)The mass per unit area(weight) of asbestos cloth shall be within 67 % of the specifiedmass.10.4 Fabric CountThe warp ends or

28、 filling picks shall bewithin the following limits:Ends or Picks per Unit Length Permissible Limits500 or less/mm 20 or less/in. 1 end or pick/25 mm 1 in.More than 500 mm 20/in. 5 % of the specified count10.5 Yarn Number (Cut)The yarn number (cut) shall be asspecified and shall conform to the requir

29、ements stated inSpecification D299.11. Sampling11.1 From each lot of cloth, take a lot sample in a randommanner to be representative of the lot in accordance with theschedule in Table 4. Cut a specimen from each sample roll,each specimen to be the full width of the roll and at least 0.5m 0.5 yd long

30、. The specimen may be taken from the cut endof the roll.12. Specimen Preparation12.1 Condition all specimens (without preconditioning) fora period of 4 h, or until the specimen shows no progressivechange in mass of more than 0.1% after an exposure of 0.5 h,in an atmosphere having a relative humidity

31、 of 50 6 2%at216 1.1C.TABLE 1 Grades of Woven Asbestos TapeGrade Asbestos Content, weight percentCommercial 75 up to but excluding 80Underwriters 80 up to but excluding 85A 85 up to but excluding 90AA 90 up to but excluding 95AAA 95 up to but excluding 99AAAA 99 to 100 inclusiveD1571/D1571M 95 (2017

32、)213. Test Methods13.1 Mensuration:13.1.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofthe width, thickness, mass per unit area (weight), fabric count,and yarn number (cut) of woven asbestos cloth.13.1.2 Significance and UseThe mensurations and dimen-sions of woven asbestos cloth are of prime im

33、portance incharacterizing woven asbestos cloth. These dimensions arenecessary (though not sufficient) to establish the cloths suit-ability for specific applications.13.1.3 HazardsWarningsee 1.3.13.1.4 Procedure:13.1.4.1 WidthMeasure the width of the cloth, either onthe full roll or on a short specim

34、en from each sample roll, asdirected in Methods D1910.13.1.4.2 ThicknessMeasure the thickness of the cloth asdirected in Method D1777. Use a gage of the deadweight typeequipped with a dial graduated to read directly to 0.025 mm0.001 in., and having a circular presser foot with a diameterof 9.5 6 0.0

35、25 mm 0.375 6 0.001 in. The presser foot andmoving parts connected therewith shall be weighted so as toapply a total load of 170 6 3g66 0.1 oz, equivalent inpressure to 23.4 kPa 3.4 psi to the specimen. Make tenthickness measurements on a specimen from each sample roll.Make no measurement within 75

36、mm 3 in. of any edge of thespecimen, and distribute the places of measurement approxi-mately uniformly over the specimen. Report the calculatedaverage of all measurements as the average thickness of the lot.13.1.4.3 Mass per Unit Area (Weight)From each sampleroll, cut a specimen not less than 0.5 m

37、0.5 yd in length andacross the full width of the cloth, measuring the length andwidth of the specimen to the nearest 2.5 mm 0.1 in. in at leastthree places, using a steel tape or rigid rule. Make sure that thespecimen is free from tension, wrinkles, and folds. Weigh theTABLE 2 Weight and Constructio

38、n of Typical Plain (Non-Metallic) Asbestos ClothsMass Per Unit AreaATI Style No.AConstruction Tensile StrengthBkg/m27%Weightlb/sq yd7%Number ofEnds perNumber ofPicks perWarpYarnNumberFillYarnNumberWarp Fillcm in. cm in. N lbf N lbf0.27 0.50 8P26 8 20 6 14 2610 2610 130 30 110 250.35 0.65 10P24 8 21

39、9 22 2410 2410 180 40 200 450.38 0.70 11P20 8 21 7 17 2010 2010 180 40 130 300.41 0.75 12P18 8 21 7 17 1810 1810 180 40 130 300.49 0.90 14P17 8 21 7 19 1710 1710 240 55 220 500.52 0.95 15P26 6 15 6 14 2620 2620 200 45 180 400.56 1.05 17P10 8 20 6 15 1010 1710 290 65 180 400.56 1.05 17P24 6 16 6 15 2

40、420 2420 240 55 220 500.60 1.10 18P10G 5 13 4 9 1010 1010 400 90 310 700.65 1.20 19H20 14 35 11 27 2010 2010 440 100 330 750.68 1.25 20P28 11 27 5 13 2820 2820 360 80 180 400.71 1.30 21P10 38381020 1020 200 45 180 400.71 1.30 21P16 5 12 6 15 1620 1620 240 55 310 700.76 1.40 22P10G 7 18 4 9 1010 1010

41、 560 125 310 700.76 1.40 22P16 7 19 4 10 1620 1620 360 80 180 400.76 1.40 22P22 9 24 5 12 2220 2220 330 75 160 350.79 1.45 23P18 7 17 6 14 1820 1820 240 55 220 500.81 1.50 24P10 49491020 1020 220 50 200 450.90 1.65 26P10 4 10 4 10 1020 1020 240 55 220 500.90 1.65 26P12 5 13 5 13 1220 1220 290 65 270

42、 600.90 1.65 26P14 6 14 6 14 1420 1420 330 75 310 700.95 1.75 28P16 9 24 4 10 1620 1620 510 115 220 500.98 1.80 29P10 6 16 4 10 1020 1010 400 90 130 300.98 1.80 29P14 8 20 4 10 1420 1420 420 95 180 401.06 1.95 31P12 4 10 4 11 1020 1230 240 55 440 101.08 2.00 32P12 7 18 4 9 1220 1220 400 90 180 01.14

43、 2.10 34P10 6 16 4 9 1020 1020 400 90 200 401.22 2.25 36P8 6 16 2 6 820 820 440 100 180 451.22 2.25 36P10 7 18 4 9 1020 1020 560 125 220 401.23 2.27 37P10 7 18 4 10 1020 1120 600 135 240 501.27 2.35 38P12 8 20 5 12 1220 1220 470 105 240 551.4 2.50 40P10 8 20 4 10 1020 1020 600 135 240 551.4 2.50 40P

44、14 11 28 6 14 1420 1420 710 160 310 551.6 3.00 48P10 7 18 4 9 1030 1020 800 180 240 701.6 3.00 48T12 12 30 4 10 1220 1220 760 170 220 551.8 3.30 53T12 14 36 5 12 1220 1220 800 180 240 502.0 3.70 59T12 16 40 6 14 1220 1220 . . . 552.3 4.20 67P10DC 12 30 6 14 1020 1020 . . . .2.6 4.75 76P10DC 15 37 6

45、16 1020 1020 . . . .2.8 5.25 84P10DC 16 40 6 15 1020 820 . . . .3.0 5.50 88P10DC 16 40 5 13.5 1020 1030 . . . .AThe letter “P” in Style Number indicates Plain Cloth. “H” indicates Herringbone Construction. “T” indicates Twill.BMinimum average of 5 tests, grab method, according to Specification D1682

46、.D1571/D1571M 95 (2017)3specimen to the nearest 5 g 0.01 lb. Using the average lengthand average width, calculate the mass per square metre orsquare yard.13.1.4.4 Report the calculated mass of each sample inkilograms per square metre or pounds per square yard.13.2 Fabric CountDetermine the fabric co

47、unt (warp yarnends per 25 mm 1 in. and filling yarn picks per 25 mm 1 in.)on one or more specimens for each sample roll taken for test asdirected in Test Methods D3774, D3775, and D3776.13.2.1 Report the number of ends per 25 mm 1 in. countedto the nearest individual warp yarn and the picks per 13.2

48、calculated to the nearest filling yarn.13.2.2 Precision and BiasRefer to Section 14.13.3 Asbestos Content:13.3.1 Determine the asbestos content on one or morespecimens from each sample roll as directed in Test MethodD1918.13.3.2 Report the average asbestos content as directed inTest Method D1918.13.

49、4 Tensile (Breaking) Strength (Breaking Load):13.4.1 Determine the breaking strength by the Grab Methodas directed in Test Method D1682. Make five tests on the warpspecimens and eight tests on the filling specimens from eachsample roll.13.4.2 Report the average breaking load for specimens cutin each direction, for all specimens giving acceptable breaks.14. Precision and Bias14.1 Inte