ASTM D4677-87(2018) Standard Classification for Rubber Compounding Materials—Titanium Dioxide.pdf

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1、Designation: D4677 87 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Classification forRubber Compounding MaterialsTitanium Dioxide1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4677; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l

2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification covers the compounding materialknown as titanium dioxide. It is generally used in rubbercompounds t

3、o impart whiteness to selected products. Typicalchemical and physical properties are included.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and e

4、nvironmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Sta

5、ndards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and OtherMatter Volatile Under the Test Condi

6、tions) in PigmentsD1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of CertainPigmentsD1394 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of White Tita-nium PigmentsD3720 Test Method for Ratio of Anatase to Rutile inTitanium Dioxide Pigments by X-Ray Diffraction3. Significance and Use3.1 Titanium dioxide is used in rub

7、ber compounding as acolorant to impart whiteness to any desired end product. It isused in sidewalls of automobile tires.3.2 It is chemically inert and slightly basic with a pH of 7.0to 8.0. The free-chalking, weathering properties of anatasetitanium-dioxide provide a (self-cleaning) white appearance

8、 inoutdoor applications.4. Basis of Classification4.1 Titanium-Dioxide By Types:4.1.1 Type IAnatase, free-chalking.4.1.2 Type IIRutile, low/medium chalk resistance.4.1.3 Type IIIRutile, high-chalk resistance.5. Composition and Properties5.1 The titanium-dioxide commonly used in rubber is theanatase

9、Type 1 material. It is generally 97 to 99 % TiO2incomposition. Some antase grades have an inorganic surfacetreatment (that is, oxides of aluminum or silicon), some havean organic treatment; most have very little treatment.5.2 The rutile titanium-dioxide consists of many grades fora multitude of end

10、use applications. They are more weatherresistant, have a more compact crystal structure, and varywidely in physical properties and surface treatment.6. Keywords6.1 anatase; rutile; titanium dioxide1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 onRubber and Rubber-like Materials

11、 and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD11.20 on Compounding Materials and Procedures.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4677 87 (2013).DOI: 10.1520/D4677-87R18.2For referenced ASTM standard

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13、428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Tech

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19、Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1 Properties of Titanium Dioxide (By Type)TestMethodType I(Anatase)Type II(Rutile)Type III(Rutile)TiO2,min,% D1394 95 92 85pH D1208 78.0 78.0 78.0Coarse particles, max, % D185 0.2 0.2 0.2Moisture, max,% D280 0.7 0.7 1.5RutileAD3720 1 % max 99 % min 99 % minTint StrengthB. . . .BrightnessB. . . .APercent rutile as a percent of total TiO2content.BTest methods to be developed and agreed upon by supplier and user. A basicwhite sidewall formula could be chosen to generate inherent color properties.D4677 87 (2018)2