ASTM D4219 - 08 Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength Index of Chemical- Grouted Soils (Withdrawn 2017).pdf

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1、Designation: D4219 08Standard Test Method forUnconfined Compressive Strength Index of Chemical-Grouted Soils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las

2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the short-term unconfined compressive strength index of chemicallygrouted so

3、ils, using strain-controlled application of test load.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility

4、of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This test method offers a set of instructions for perform-ing one or more specific operations. This document cannotreplace education or experience and should be used in con-junction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of thispractice may be applicab

5、le in all circumstances. This ASTMstandard is not intended to represent or replace the standard ofcare by which the adequacy of a given professional servicemust be judged, nor should this document be applied withoutconsideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word“Standard” in the title of t

6、his document means only that thedocument has been approved through the ASTM consensusprocess.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (With-drawn 2016)3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD2166 Test Method for Unconfined

7、Compressive Strengthof Cohesive SoilD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4320 Practice for Laboratory Preparation of ChemicallyGrouted Soil Specimens for Obtaining Design StrengthParame

8、tersD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Terminology3.1 For common definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 curing conditionsthe

9、 environment, particularly tem-perature and humidity, and state of confinement at which aspecimen is stored during the time interval between fabricationand testing.3.2.2 unconfined compressive strengththe load per unitarea at which an unconfined cylindrical specimen of soil willfail in a simple comp

10、ressive test. Failure is defined as themaximum load attained per unit area, or the load per unit areaat 20 % strain, whichever occurs first.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A cylindrical specimen of chemically grouted soil issubjected to a (approximate) constant rate of compressivestrain until it fails.

11、5. Significance and Use5.1 The purpose of this test method is to obtain values forcomparison with other test values to verify uniformity ofmaterials or the effects of controllable variables, in grout-soilcompositions.5.2 This test method is similar, in principle, to Test MethodD2166, but is not inte

12、nded for determination of strengthparameters to be used in design. Such values are more properlyobtained from long-term triaxial tests.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facil

13、ities used. Agencies that meet the1This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last prev

14、ious edition approved in 2002 as D4219 02. DOI:10.1520/D4219-08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websi

15、te.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesNOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact

16、ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information1criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Relia

17、ble results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Compression DeviceThe compression testing machinemay be of any type having sufficient capacity and control toprovide the rate of loading prescribed in 8.4. It shall conformto the re

18、quirements of Section 15 of Practices E4.6.1.1 Bearing SurfacesThe testing machine shall beequipped with two steel bearing blocks having a Rockwellhardness of not less than 55 HRC. One of the blocks shall bespherically seated and normally will bear on the upper surfaceof the specimen. The other bear

19、ing block may be either a plainrigid block or spherically seated block on which the specimenwill rest. The bearing faces shall not depart from a plane bymore than 0.0004 in. (0.010 mm) when the blocks are new, andshall be maintained within a permissible variation of 0.001 in.(0.02 mm). The center of

20、 the sphere for the spherically seatedblock shall coincide with the center of the bearing face of thespecimen. The movable portion of the bearing block shall beheld closely in the spherical seat, but the design shall be suchthat the bearing face can be rotated and tilted through smallangles in any d

21、irection.6.1.2 Deformation Indicator, shall be a dial indicator gradu-ated to 0.001 in. (0.02 mm) and having a travel range of at least20 % of the length of the test specimen.6.1.2.1 For true strain measurements, particularly on stiffspecimens, the dial indicator attachment must be made so thatavera

22、ge axial strain is measured. This eliminates the possibilityof negative readings due to tilting of the load platens.6.1.3 DynamometerThe load-measuring devices shall becapable of measuring unit load to within 0.01 ton/ft2(0.15 psi)(1 kPa) for specimens with an unconfined compressive strengthof less

23、than 1 ton/ft2(15 psi) (100 kPa), and for strongersamples, the devices shall be capable of measuring unit load tothe nearest 0.05 ton/ft2(0.75 psi) (5 kPa).7. Preparation of Test Specimens7.1 Specimen SizeThe test specimens shall have a length-to-diameter ratio between 2 and 3, preferably 2.5. Sampl

24、ediameter shall be greater than 10 times the maximum specimenparticle size, and not less than 1.4 in. (35 mm). For proceduresrelating to particle-size analysis, see Method D422. Testspecimens shall be right circular cylinders. (When new testdata are only for comparison with existing data from non-st

25、andard samples, sample dimensions conforming to thosepreviously used are acceptable.)7.2 Specimen FabricationLaboratory specimens shallpreferably be made by pumping catalysed grout solutionthrough the soil matrix utilizing procedures in Test MethodD4320. Specimens may also be made by pouring the soi

26、lmatrix into a catalysed grout solution, or by adding catalysedgrout to a container of soil matrix. If the latter two proceduresdo not produce uniform samples at the desired density, thepumping method must be used. (When new test data are onlyfor comparison with existing data from non-standard prepa

27、ra-tion methods, the methods previously used are acceptable.)7.3 Curing ConditionsSpecimens should be cured undermoisture conditions approaching those in-situ. When in-situconditions are not known, specimens should be cured in thecontainers in which they were made, stored under conditionswhich preve

28、nt moisture loss or volume change of the speci-men. Permissible exceptions are for tests run to evaluatewet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles.NOTE 2Strength increases with time for many grout formulations.7.4 End ConditionsThe ends of specimens to be testedshall be smooth, perpendicular to the longitudinal

29、 axis, and ofthe same diameter as the specimen. Capping materials such asPlaster of Paris or neat cement, which do not change the groutcharacteristics at the contact zone, may be used to improve endconditions.NOTE 3Tensile failure (vertical cracking through the specimen ends)should be avoided by the

30、 use of capping materials.8. Procedure8.1 Measure the specimen length and diameter to the nearest0.01 in. (0.2 mm) at several places to obtain average values.8.2 Check the ability of the spherical seat to rotate freely inits socket(s) before each test.8.3 Clean the bearing faces of the upper and low

31、er bearingblocks and of the test specimen and place the test specimen onthe lower bearing block. Carefully align the axis of thespecimen with the center of thrust of the spherically seatedblock(s). Adjust the movable portion of the spherically seatedblock so that uniform seating is obtained.8.4 Appl

32、y the load continuously and without shock toproduce an approximate constant rate of load or deformation.In no case shall failure occur in less than 2 min, nor shallmaximum strain rate exceed 1 % min.NOTE 4Stiffer materials require slower strain rates.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the unconfined compre

33、ssive strength of thespecimen by dividing the maximum load carried by thespecimen during the test by the initial cross-sectional area. Thearea may alternatively be calculated from dimensions obtainedby direct measurement when the diameter can be measured.10. Report10.1 The following data shall be in

34、cluded in the report:10.1.1 Specimen identification, classification, and otherphysical data that may be pertinent,10.1.2 Specimen physical dimensions prior to testing,10.1.3 Chemical grout composition and gel time,10.1.4 Method of specimen preparation,10.1.5 Details of curing conditions and age at t

35、ime of test,and10.1.6 Unconfined compressive strength.10.2 Report significant digits in a manner consistent withD6026.D4219 08211. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionData are being evaluated to determine theprecision of this test method. In addition, SubcommitteeD18.15 is seeking pertinent data from us

36、ers of this test method.11.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod, therefore, bias cannot be determined.12. Keywords12.1 chemical grout; chemical grouted soil; grouting; speci-men fabrication; strength; unconfined compressive strengthASTM International takes no position respe

37、cting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This st

38、andard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internat

39、ional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown belo

40、w.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 083