ASTM D1500-12(2017) Standard Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale).pdf

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1、Designation: D1500 12 (Reapproved 2017)Designation: 196/97Standard Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1500; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of

2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test

3、method covers the visual determination of thecolor of a wide variety of petroleum products, such aslubricating oils, heating oils, diesel fuel oils, and petroleumwaxes.NOTE 1Test Method D156 is applicable to refined products that havean ASTM color lighter than 0.5.1.2 This test method reports result

4、s specific to the testmethod and recorded as “ASTM Color.”1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-min

5、e the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations

6、issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D938 Test Method for Congealing Point of PetroleumWaxes, Including PetrolatumD2500 Test Met

7、hod for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Using a standard light source, a liquid sample is placedin the test container and compared with colored glass disksranging in value from 0.5 to 8

8、.0. When an exact match is notfound and the sample color falls between two standard colors,the higher of the two colors is reported.4. Significance and Use4.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is usedmainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an importantquality characteristic,

9、since color is readily observed by theuser of the product. In some cases, the color may serve as anindication of the degree of refinement of the material. When thecolor range of a particular product is known, a variation outsidethe established range may indicate possible contamination withanother pr

10、oduct. However, color is not always a reliable guideto product quality and should not be used indiscriminately inproduct specifications.5. Apparatus5.1 Colorimeter, consisting of light source, glass colorstandards, sample container housing with cover, and viewingpiece as listed in Annex A1.5.2 Sampl

11、e ContainerFor referee work, use the glasssample jar as shown in Fig. 1. For routine tests, it is permissibleto use a cylindrical, clear glass jar with a flat bottom of30 mm to 32.4 mm internal diameter, 115 mm to 125 mm inexternal height, and a wall thickness no greater than 1.6 mm asspecified in T

12、est Method D2500, or an ordinary 125 mL oilsample bottle if it meets these requirements.5.3 Ultrasonic Bath, Unheated (optional)of suitable di-mensions to hold container(s) placed inside of bath, for use ineffectively dissipating and removing air or gas bubbles that canbe entrained in viscous sample

13、 types prior to analysis.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Publi

14、shed November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1500 12. DOI:10.1520/D1500-12R17.This is also a standard of Energy Institute issued under the fixed designation IP196. The final number indicates the year of last revision. This test method wasadopted as a joi

15、ntASTM-IP standard in 1966. In the IP, this test method is under thejurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to th

16、e standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in t

17、he Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16. Sampling6.1 Samples shall be taken in accordance with the instruc-tions in Practice D4057.6.2 For some sample typ

18、es, such as viscous lube oils that areprone to having entrained air or gas bubbles present in thesample, the use of an ultrasonic bath (see 5.3) without theheater turned on (if so equipped), has been found effective indissipating bubbles typically within 10 min.7. Diluent7.1 Solvent Kerosene(Warning

19、Combustible. Vaporharmful.) Having a color lighter than +21 Saybolt color by TestMethod D156, this material is used for diluting dark samplesfor the test. As an alternative, other solvents, such as white oilor solvent neutral 100 of satisfactory purity that meet the colorrequirements specified here

20、in 7.1, are also acceptable.NOTE 2Solvent kerosene complies with this requirement if it is lighterin color than potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) solution formed bydissolving 4.8 mg of pure anhydrous K2Cr2O7in 1 L of distilled water.8. Preparation of Sample8.1 Liquid Petroleum Products such as Lubricat

21、ing OilsFill the sample container to a depth of 50 mm or more andobserve the color. When the sample is not clear, heat it justsufficiently enough to make it clear to perform the colormeasurement at that temperature. A sample heated to a tem-perature of 6 C (10 F) above its cloud point (see Test Meth

22、odD2500) has been found suitable to test samples using this testmethod. When the sample is darker than 8 color, one mayeither stop the test and report “D8 ASTM Color” (see 10.2)orcontinue the test and mix 15 volumes of sample into 85 vol-umes of solvent kerosene or alternative material (see 7.1) and

23、observe the color of the mixture.8.2 Petroleum Waxes, Including PetrolatumHeat thesample just sufficiently enough to make it fluid and clear toperform the color measurement at that temperature withoutheating the wax excessively, because oxidation can occur,along with consequent discoloration of the

24、test specimen. Asample heated to a temperature of 11 C to 17 C (20 F to30 F) above its congealing point, as determined in accordancewith Test Method D938, has been found suitable to testsamples using this test method. When the sample is darker than8 color, one may either stop the test and report “D8

25、 ASTMColor” (see 10.2) or continue the test and mix 15 volumes ofmelted sample with 85 volumes of solvent kerosene or alter-native material (see 7.1) brought to the same temperature andtest the mixture at that temperature.9. Procedure9.1 Place a sample container or containers, filled to a depthof at

26、 least 50 mm with distilled or deionized water, in thecompartment or compartments of the colorimeter throughwhich the standard glasses will be observed. Place the samplein its container in the other compartment. (When using athree-field comparator, this will be the middle compartment.)Cover the cont

27、ainers to exclude all exterior light.9.2 Switch on the light source and compare the color of thesample with that of the standard glasses. When using athree-field comparator, the sample must be bracketed by darkerand lighter discs or by an exact match and a darker disc.Determine for two-field compara

28、tors which glass matches thecolor of the sample; or if an exact match is not possible, thenuse that glass which possesses the next darker color.10. Report10.1 Report as the color of the sample, the designation ofthe glass producing a matching color (for example; “7.5ASTMColor.”)10.2 If the color of

29、the sample is intermediate between thoseof two standard glasses, report that the sample is less than thedarker glass designation.As an example, report the designationof the darker glass preceded by the letter “L” (for example,“L7.5ASTM Color”) or with a “8 ASTM Color.”)10.2.1 If the color of the sam

30、ple is less than the 0.5 glasscolor standard, report that the sample is less than the 0.5 glasscolor standard. As an example, report the designation as “L0.5ASTM Color” or “0.5 ASTM Color.”10.3 If the sample has been diluted in accordance with 7.1,report the color of the mixture followed by the abbr

31、eviation“Dil” (for example, “L7.5 Dil ASTM Color” or “7.5 DilASTM Color”). See Note 3.NOTE 3For samples that are diluted in 10.3, it is permissible for thelaboratory to annotate the report in any suitable manner, provided that theinformation clearly conveys to the data recipient that the sample anal

32、yzedwas diluted.11. Precision and Bias311.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method as ob-tained by statistical examination of interlaboratory test resultsis as follows:3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1234

33、.FIG. 1 Standard Glass Sample JarD1500 12 (2017)211.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successivetest results obtained by the same operator with the sameapparatus under constant operating conditions on identical testmaterial would, in the long run, in the normal and correctoperation of the test

34、 method, exceed the following value onlyin one case in twenty: 0.5 color units.11.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent test results obtained by different operatorsworking in different laboratories on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and corr

35、ect operation ofthe test method exceed the following value only in one case intwenty: 1 color unit.11.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value ofASTM Color is subjective and can only bedefined in terms of this test method.12. Keywords12.1 ASTM Color; color; petroleum prod

36、uctsANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. DESCRIPTION OF COLORIMETER AND ASSOCIATED APPARATUSA1.1 ColorimeterUse an instrument that will illuminateand permit observation of the sample and any one of the colorstandards (or in the case of a three-field instrument, any two ofthe color standards) simultaneous

37、ly, either by direct viewing orwith an optical eyepiece.A1.1.1 A two-field instrument must show two illuminatedareas of equal size and shape, one filled with light transmittedby color standard, the other with light transmitted by thesample. These illuminated areas shall be disposed symmetri-cally ab

38、out a vertical median line and shall be separated in ahorizontal direction so that the horizontal separation of theclosest portions subtends the eye of the observer not less than2 nor more than 3.6.A1.1.2 Athree-field instrument shall show three illuminatedareas in the field of view. Two areas shall

39、 be filled with lighttransmitted by two different color standards, and these shall bedisposed symmetrically about the third area which shall befilled with light transmitted by the sample. The rectangulardimensions of each of the three areas shall be the same, and theleft- and right-hand corners of t

40、he full field of view shall berounded with radius not exceeding half the vertical dimension.The illuminated areas shall be separated in a horizontaldirection by vertical lines so that the closest portion of thesample area and any one of the color standards illuminatedareas subtends the eye of the ob

41、server not less than 0.3 normore than 0.6.A1.1.3 Each illuminated area in the two-field instrumentshall cover a circle of diameter subtending at least 2.2 andmay be enlarged to any size provided that no two illuminatedpoints in the field of view are separated by a distancesubtending more than 10. In

42、 the case of the three-field directviewing instrument, the subtending angles become 2.6 and6.4, respectively.A1.1.4 The angle subtended by a line of length d, in a planeperpendicular to the line of sight, and separated from the eye ofthe observer by a distance D, is given in degrees by 57.3 d/D.The

43、angle subtended by the image of this line, seen by viewingit through an eyepiece of magnification M, is given in degreesby 57.3 Md/Di, where Diis the distance between the eye of theobserver and the plane of the image.A1.2 Artificial Daylight SourceThis may be a separateunit or an integral part of th

44、e colorimeter where the combinedsystem of a source lamp (A1.2.1), daylight filter glass (A1.3),and flashed opal glass (A1.2.2) are capable of producingspectral characteristics similar to northern daylight (that is,color temperature of 6700 K 6 300 K) for use in the test.NOTE A1.1When electric curren

45、t is not available, the colorimeter maybe designed to use diffused daylight provided that direct sunlight isavoided. Colored objects should be excluded from the immediate fore-ground when using diffused daylight.A1.2.1 Source LampConsisting of a lamp of color tem-perature of approximately 2750 K (or

46、 if a quartz halogen lampis used, approximately 2900 K). A source lamp providing atranslucent or opaque diffuse background of 900 lx 6 100 lxbrightness against which the color standards and samples areviewed has been found satisfactory to produce the necessaryspectral characteristics. The source lam

47、p shall be designed sothat there is no extraneous light interfering with the observa-tion.A1.2.2 Flashed Opal GlassThe background of illumi-nated opal glass shall be free from glare or shadows.A1.3 Filter An acceptable daylight filter, which has beenused in combination with the artificial daylight s

48、ource andflashed opal glass to produce the spectral characteristics similarto northern daylight, is one where a spectrometric test indicatesa transmittance of radiant energy of not less than 0.60 at410 nm with a smooth curve down to a transmittance belowTABLE A1.1 Filter CharacteristicsCharacteristi

49、cLamp Color Temperature, K2750 3300T 0.107 to 0.160 0.075 to 0.125x 0.314 to 0.330 0.300 to 0.316y 0.337 to 0.341 0.325 to 0.329z 0.329 to 0.349 0.355 to 0.375D1500 12 (2017)30.10 at 700 nm without the pronounced bump that is charac-teristic of excess cobalt having an increased transmittance at570 nm above a straight line drawn between the points indi-cating transmittance at 540 nm and 590 nm, and also a trans-mittance band above 660 nm. The transmittance of an accept-able filter shall not, at 570 nm, exceed by more than 0.03 thati