2018年浙江省杭州市江干区中考模拟四校联考英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2018年浙江省杭州市江干区中考模拟四校联考英语第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A.B.C和D)中选出最佳选项。AIn the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts (主人) and the worst guests in theworld. Theyre not really bad guests, but because the guest-host relationship in China is muchdiffere

2、nt than in some western counties, it appears they are not nice guests.And western guestssometimes look rude (粗鲁的) in the eyes of Chinese guests.In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese persons home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me

3、a cup of tea or water. In thewest, generally the guest is not a god.Acting according to the hosts way of doing things is usualbehavior for a guest.My wifes mother, a very kind elderly Chinese lady, doesnt smoke. When I see some of herguests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usua

4、lly I want to stop them directly,but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most NorthAmericahomes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house.Atthe very least, you could ask, “Is it OK if I smoke?” “But, dont be surprise

5、d if they say, “No, youcant smoke.” In our culture, if you smoke in their home, you are a bad guest, but if they dontallow you to smoke in their house, they are not a rude guest.Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt to these habitsvery soon. Thankfully my wife i

6、s Chinese, so whenever we visit a Chinese family she tells me tobuy them a gift. However, giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So, if you invite international guests to your home, dont be too surprised if they dont bring you a gift.In China, you probably wont need to change

7、 the guest-host relationship very much becauseyou will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If western hostsinvite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what youhave expected.16. If the writers guests want to smoke in h

8、is house, what will he probably say?A. Its OK if you smoke here.B. Lets smoke together.C. Sorry, you cant smoke here.D. Smoking is a bad habit.解析：题意：如果作者的客人想在他家里抽烟，他会说什么？考查细节理解题。根据WhenI see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually I want tostop them directly可

9、以推断作者会上前阻止，会说Sorry，you cant smoke here，可知选C。 答案：C17. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “adapt to” in the passage?A. think back toB. get used to C. look forward toD. keep close to解析：题意：段落中“adapt to”短语的意思是什么？考查词义理解题。根据Guests in China alsohave special habits. Some western people may not adap

10、t to these habits very soon.前文是说在中国的客人也有一些特别的习惯，可猜测adapt to表示习惯于，适应，表示西方人不能很快适应这些习惯，故选B。答案：B18. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Foreigners should learn from Chinese.B. Hosts must do things in the guests way.C. Western hosts are always nice to guests.D. People should understand cultural diff

11、erences. 解析：题意：这篇文章的主要思想是什么？考查主旨理解题。A. Foreigners should learn fromChinese.外国人应该向中国学习。B. Hosts must do things in the guests way.主人必须以客人的方式做事。C. Western hosts are always nice to guests.西方主人对客人总是很友好。D. Peopleshould understand cultural differences.人们应该了解文化差异。根据短文内容，文章阐述的是中西方国家宾主关系的不同和对待客人的习惯不同，人们应该理解这种

12、文化上的不同，故选D。答案：D BSome days, dont you think, Wouldnt it be nice if the laundry would just do itself?”Self-cleaning clothes may sound crazy. ButAustralian researchers have found a way to makesomething like this possible!Ateam at RMIT University in Melbourne,Australia, found a way to put special nanost

13、ructures (纳米结构) into clothing, which can then clean the clothes. When sunlight hits thenanostructures, they break down the dirt and stains (污渍) that dont belong on your clothes.The nanostructures dont break down the actual clothing because cotton and the otherclothing materials are too strong to be

14、broken down.According to CNN, the researchers cover theclothingin a solution made of silver and copper (铜) nanostructures.All it takes is 40 minutes ofsunlight and your clothes will look as good as new.So if you spill on yourself during lunch, you can step outside for a walk, and it will becleanby t

15、he time you go inside. It not only makes your life easier, but it can also be good for theenvironment.According to the US Department of Energy, the average load of laundry uses about 25gallons (about 94 liters) of water. Water is a very important resource, so using less of it to washclothesis better

16、 for the environment. But one of the scientists at RMIT University knows moreneeds to be done. “Theres more work to do before we can start throwing out our washing machines,” said DrRajesh Ramanathan, “but this is a strong foundation .”So whats the next step? Ramanathan wants to either start selling

17、 the solution by itself orconvincing clothing makers to treat the clothing with the solution while clothes are being made.19. What do Paragraphs 4-5 talk about? A. What advantages the self-cleaning clothes have.B. How the self-cleaning clothes work.C. How the self-cleaning clothes are made.D. What h

18、elps the self-cleaning clothes work.解析：题意：4、5两段的内容是什么？考查文意理解题。根据文中的第四、五段的描述可知纳米的衣服出去晒晒太阳就干净了，而普通的衣服得浪费水资源才能洗干净，所以主要想说明纳米衣服的优势，故选A。答案：A20. What does the underlined word “solution” in the last paragraph mean?A. Machines.B. Clothes.C. Silver. D. Design.解析：题意：最后一段中下划线的“solution”是什么意思？考查词义理解题。根据最后一段后面的句子

19、by itself or convincing clothing makers to treat the clothing with the solution whileclothes are being made说服服装生产商在解决衣服的同时用衣物来解决问题可知应该是设计方案，故选D。答案：D21. What can we learn from the passage?A. Silver and copper sell well.B. The solution is not put into practice.C. Clothing makes certainly like the solu

20、tion.D. We dont need washing machines any more.解析：题意：从这篇文章中我们能了解到什么？考查细节理解题。根据最后一段So whats the next step? Ramanathan wants to either start selling the solution by itself or convincing clothingmakers to treat the clothing with the solution while clothes are being made那么，下一步该怎么办呢？可知方案还没有实施，故选B。答案：B CY

21、ou need some bread and milk. But half an hour later, you leave the supermarket with atrolley(手推车) full of food. What games do supermarkets play to make us spend so much money?The tricks usually start before you walk in. Outside the supermarket entrance, anybody whowalks past can smell warm, fresh br

22、ead. That makes us hungry and ready to buy lots of food, notjust bread.Now youre inside and, of course, a small basket would be fine, but all they have are trolleys.And of course the problem with a trolley is that it looks sad and lonely with just one or two products inside. So we may fill it with s

23、omething. In fact, supermarket trolleys are actually gettingbigger so that we buy more.Of course, many people shop in supermarkets because they think everything is cheaper thanin other shops. So supermarkets offer very cheap prices on some things but then have higherprices for other products. One ne

24、w trick is to put red stickers on products. Customers usually connect red stickers with lower prices so the red stickers is easy to be noticed, even when there isno reduction! Interestingly, this trick appears to work more with men than with women.There is a story behind the position of everything i

25、n the supermarket. For example, customersoften go only to buy milk. So they put it right at the back, forcing you to go past hundreds ofshelves full of other products. The position of products on each shelf is also important. The mostexpensive products are usually at eye-level so you see these immed

26、iately.The exception isanything that children might like. These products are on lower shelves so that kids see them.Apart from what you see and smell in a supermarket, what about what you listen to? In mostsupermarkets they have soft, slow music. Its so relaxing that you slow down and spend more tim

27、e(and money) in the store.You also move more slowly when the supermarket is busy. Expertssuggest its better to shop when its quieter, on a Monday or a Tuesday for example.And becareful with queues at the checkouts. These are sometimes deliberate(故意), to make you buysomething from the checkout shelve

28、s while you wait. So, next time you go into your local supermarket, remember these tricks and see if you cancome with just the things you went for.22. Supermarkets dont provide baskets because_.A. supermarkets dont usually have manyB. baskets are too small to hold many productsC. its easy to go shop

29、ping with trolleysD. a trolley can hold one or two products inside解析：细节理解题。根据And of course the problem with a trolley is that it looks sad and lonelywith just one or two products inside.可知，超市为了使顾客买更多的商品，超市内部会有更多的小推车而不是购物蓝，这样人们就会有欲望后把小推车填满，而且现在超市的小推车越来越大了。故选B。答案：B 23.According to the passage, superma

30、rkets put red stickers on products to_.A. make them look more beautifulB. make them different from cheaper onesC. make people think the stickers are for menD. make people think they could save money解析：细节理解题。根据Customers usually connect red stickers with lower prices so the redstickers are easy to be

31、noticed,可知，超市使用的另一个伎俩，贴红色便签吸引消费者的注意，因为人们往往会把红色标签与低价格联系在一起，因此红色便签比较容易被人注意。故选D。答案：D24.According to the passage, toys for children are usually placed _.A. on higher shelvesB. on each shelf C. on lower shelvesD. on the back shelves解析：细节理解题。根据The exception is anything that children might like. These prod

32、ucts are onlower shelves so that kids see them.可知，超市通过商品的摆放位置来吸引消费者阅读，一般比较贵的商品会摆放在顾客一眼能够看得见的位置。同样对于儿童来说，一般玩具比较吸引 他们，这些商品往往摆放在较低的位置以便孩子们发现，故选C。答案：C25. It can be learned from Paragraph 6 that supermarkets usually_.A. stop people lining up at the checkoutsB. close on Monday morningC. play loud and nois

33、y music insideD. make customers feel relaxed解析：细节理解题。根据most supermarkets they have soft, slow music. Its so relaxing that youslow down and spend more time (and money) in the store.可知，超市通过播放轻缓音乐来放慢消费者的步伐，使顾客感到放松，愿意在超市花更多的时间购物。故选D。答案：D 26. The passage is mainly about_.A. several ways supermarkets use

34、to sell more productsB. some advice when people go shopping on the streetC. several rules that every business should followD. some advertisements that make people buy more解析：主旨大意题。根据这篇文章作者主要是通过几个方面来说明超市怎样吸引消费者的注意使他们买更多的商品。故选A。答案：A DThe next time you look up at the sky and see a cloud that looks like

35、 Mickey Mouse or yourfavorite fruit, look again. It may not be a cloud, but a Flogo - a logo that flies. Its a new form ofadvertising in the sky thats never been used before. Its a different way to market your products, logos, and events.These funny logos are made with soap bubbles（肥皂泡）mixed with a

36、little helium gas（氦气）,which makes them lighter than air and float in the sky. Special machines are used to makethese new funny Flogos. The machine, which can be rented for $ 2,500 a day, can make a Flogoevery 15-25 seconds.Flogos can fly much higher or lower if needed. They can last from a few minut

37、es to an houranywhere in the sky, depending on the weather conditions. Though they can fly up to 20, 000 feet,they usually float around at 300- 500 feet. Flogos are only white now, but people hope to havemore colorful Flogos in the near future.Flogos are Green, 100% environmentally safe, because the

38、 soap used to make the Flogocomes from plants and leaves. So this fun way of advertising is healthy and good for theenvironment.27. Flogos are mainly used to _. A. advertise in the skyB. make funny bubblesC. improve weather conditionsD. see colorful clouds解析：细节理解题。根据Its a new form of advertising in

39、the sky thats never been used before. 可知，它是用来做广告的方式，故选A。答案：A28. Why are Flogos healthy and good for the environment?A. Because they can float high and last for a long time in the sky.B. Because there is a little helium gas mixed with soap bubbles.C. Because the machines used to make them are special

40、 and expensive.D. Because the soap used to make them comes from plants and leaves.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句because the soap used to make the Flogo comes fromplants and leaves.可知，故选D。答案：D29. From the passage, we can infer that Flogos_. A. can fly for hours in the sky all dayB. can have different colors at p

41、resentC. may be influenced by the weatherD. may be the cheapest way of advertising解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句depending on the weather conditions.可推知，这种广告受天气的影响，故选C。答案：C30. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. Machines - Used for Flogos!B. Flogos - Logos that fly!C.Advertising - Mad

42、e of Fruits!D. Clouds - Like Mickey Mouse! 解析：标题归纳题。根据本文叙述了一个新的广告形式Flogo - a logo that flies，故选B。答案：B第二节任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）从方框中所给的A-E五个选项中选择正确的选项，填入31-35题的空格上。Having a cheetah（猎豹）as a pet in the house? Does it sound scary to you? But for a family inSouthAfrica, one cheetah is treated as a VIP (V

43、ery Important Person) in the house. The bigcheetah is named Jolie, after the film starAngelina Jolie. 31 . She can often be foundeating from the kitchen table, taking a short sleep on the sofa, or even sleeping on Lucy and Jeffsbed. The big cat also sleeps and plays with the Browns other pet, the mo

44、re usual one- asheepdog. 32Having a cheetah as a pet is unusual.At first, Mrs. Brown wasnt willing to keep a cheetah asa pet. She said, 33 . But we are now happy that we did it- she is part of the family. Just like her name, four-year-old Jolie has achieved a celebrity（名人）status（地位）in theBrowns home

45、town. Fans often come to take pictures of her. 34 .However, a cheetah is always a cheetah. 35 . She makes a lot of mess in the house,urinating（小便）everywhere and chewing everything. Its her wild instincts（天性）, said Mrs.Brown. There must be some problems of having a cheetah as a pet in the house, but

46、some unusual fun must also be waiting ahead.A. Interestingly, Jolie enjoys all the special attention that is paid to her.B.An impossible friendship has happened between these two animals.C. Though Jolie is now a pet in the home, she still has some wild habits.D. She is surely the VIP at Lucy and Jef

47、f Browns home.E. I was really against the idea of getting a cheetah as a pet.解析：31.根据上下文，可知都是介绍这只猎豹在布朗先生家的生活情况。备选句子She is surely theVIP at Lucy and Jeff Browns home.符合句意，故选D。32.根据上文The big cat also sleeps and plays with the Browns other pet, the more usual one a sheepdog，可知两只动物间存在不可能的友谊。备选句子中，An imp

48、ossible friendship hashappened between these two animals.符合句意，故选B。33.根据下文But we are now happy that we did it she is part of the family.，可知作者不情 愿反对养一只猎豹作为宠物。备选句子中，I was really against the idea of getting a cheetah as apet.符合句意，故选E。34.根据前两节描述，可知这只猎豹在家里深受欢迎。备选句子中，Interestingly, Jolie enjoysall the spec

49、ial attention that is paid to her.符合句意，故选A。35.根据下文She makes a lot of mess in the house, urinating everywhere and chewing everything.It s her wild instincts.，可知猪豹还是表现出她的野性本能。备选句子中，Though Jolie is nowa pet in the home, she still has some wild habits.符合句竞;，故选C。答案：31. D32. B33. E34.A35. C 第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分25分）第一节：完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。My friendAlan did not have a rich family. He did not have much money. SometimesAlan36 had to accept money and gifts from his family and friends. But do