2018年广东省茂名市高三二模试题英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2018年广东省茂名市高三二模试题英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASpecial ProgramsCareer StoriesWhat do you want to be when growing up? Hear first-hand from four Science Centre staff onthe different career paths they have taken. Our real-life role mode

2、ls share their experiencesand demonstrate that pathways to success, while unique to everyone, are based on thedevelopment of 21st century competencies and a commitment to lifelong learning. Duration: 60 minutesTime: 10:30-11:30Dates: May 13 & 27, 2018Price: $15 per studentClimate ChangeUnderstand th

3、e complex connections between human activity, greenhouse gases, heattransfer and climate change. Investigate past climate data , see ocean acidification in action andcompare Canada to the world. Use a physical climate model to test whether you can stabilize theEarths climate.Duration: 45 minutesTime

4、s: 10-10:45, 11-11:45, 12-12:45, 1-1:45 and 2-2:45Dates: June 18, 23 & 24, 2018Price: $10 per student Characteristics of ElectricityWitness the power of electricity with shocking demonstrations. From Galvani to Tesla, rediscover the practical applications of current, circuits and resistance. Underst

5、and how electricenergy is generated, and be a part of a human electric circuit. Get energized with a sparktacularstatic electric discharge（静电释放）!Duration: 55 minutesTime: 11-11:55Dates: July 24, 2018Price: $10 per studentMental Health: The Science ofAnxietyYour heart is racing, your mouth is dry and

6、 your stomach is in knots! Dont worry, everyonefeels anxious sometimes. Explore whats really going on in our brains when we experience anxiety,how it affects our bodies and why stress can sometimes be a good thing. This presentation explains how our brains and bodies react to stress, while introduci

7、ng students to evidencebasedapproaches. Mental health applies to everyone we can all take steps to enjoy life and deal withthe challenges you face each day!Duration: 45 minutesTimes: 11-11:45 Dates:August 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11, 2018Price: $10 per student1. What do we know about the program Career Stories

8、?A. It offers tips on lifelong learning.B. It is presented with moral stories.C. It is based on first hand experiences.D. It provides practical pathways to success.2. Which of the programs is available in June?A. Career Stories.B. Climate Change.C. Characteristics of Electricity.D. Mental Health: Th

9、e Science ofAnxiety.3. What can you acquire in Mental Health: The Science ofAnxiety? A. How mental concerns are handled.B. How electric energy is generated.C. How a human electric circuit develops.D. How extreme feelings affect our bodies.1.解析：根据Career Stories部分“ Hear first hand from four Science Ce

10、ntre staff on thedifferent career paths they have taken.”可知答案为C。答案：C2.解析：根据文中对四个“ Special Programs”的时间描述，可确定答案为B。答案：B3.解析：根据第四部分的描述“ This presentation explains how our brains and bodies react tostress, while introducing students to evidence based approaches.”可知答案为A。答案：A BIf your cat often waits too

11、long outside a t the door waiting to be let in, what would you do?Arkaitz Garro, a WeTransfer software engineer in Holland, decided to use his skills to solve theproblem. Instead of setting up a good old catflap（猫洞）on his door, he went for a more hightechsolution involving artificial intelligence, m

12、otiondetection sensors, face recognition software and amessaging app. It may be overkill, but Arkait z claims that it only took him a few hours to do it, asall the hardware and software he used are readily available.It all started a few years ago, when Garro and his wife spotted a cat in their back

13、balcony. Notknowing if it had been abandoned, lost by its owner, or simply homeless, they took it in, but alsoposted some pictures of it around their neighborhood, in case someone was looking for it.“We found out that the cat had an owner, just a few houses away and he was very happytoshare the cat

14、with us. Now it has two families who love him,” Arkaitz said.“So, he hasdeveloped a schedule to come at around specific times.” The problem was that neither Garro nor his wife could simply stand by the door waiting for itto show up, so he came up with a device（装置）made up of a minicomputer complete w

15、ith acamera that would use motiondetection（运动检测）and imagerecognitionAI software toautomatically identify the cat and then message him so he could let the animal in.“We just want to be notified when he is around,” Arkaitz explained.“When it detects movement, it sends the picture to a recognition soft

16、ware, which checks against the identity of thecat based on previous imagery of the cat.”“It took me just a few hours to put all the pieces together and the software up and running,but some more time after to fine tune the software to be able to recognize the cat,”Arkaitz said, but in the end it prov

17、ed to be effective.4. What didArkaitz Garro think of his invention?A. It was moneysaving.B. It was ecofriendly.C. It was timeconsuming.D. It was easily made.5. Why di dArkaitz Garro and his wife put up some pictures of the cat?A. To seek a shelter for it.B. To find its true owner. C. To look for a p

18、otential buyer.D. To advertise its presence to its companions.6. How doesArkaitzs system check against his cats identity?A. By matching its image.B. By identifying its smell.C. By measuring its size.D. By recognizing its voice.7. What is the last step ofArkaitzs system when it works?A. Send a messag

19、e.B. Send the picture.C. Detect movement.D. Require identification.4.解析：根据第二段“ butArkaitz claims that it only took him a few hours to do it .”，可知 答案为D。答案：D5.解析：根据第三段“ . they took it in, but also posted some pictures of it around theirneighborhood, in case someone was looking for it.”可知答案为B。答案：B6.解析：

20、由原文第五段“ . that would use motion detection（运动检测）and imagerecognition AI software to automatically identify the cat .”可知此项装置是通过识别图片来确定猫的身份。故答案为A。答案：A7.解析：由原文第五段“ and then message him so he could let the animal in.”可知这个装置要在识别猫的身份后会给主人发信息，主人接到信息后才会让猫进屋来。故答案为A。答案：A CCameron is no ordinary dog, and not ju

21、st because he was born on Valentines Day. To Maggie,a firstgrader at Burgundy Farm Country Day School, the dog who spends most days on campus ismore like a friend. When Cameron is near, Maggie feels“really, really, happy,” she said.“I feel safearound him,” she added.“Hell lie down and ask me to scra

22、tch his tummy,” she explained, because Cameron likes Maggie.Cameron is one of a handful of dogs at Burgundy, a K8 private day school in Alexandria,Virginia. Dogs started showing up there when the head of school, Jeff Sindler, brought his clumsyLabrador, Luke, to the main office building where Sindle

23、r works. After Luke died, Sindler adoptedCameron and brought him to campus, too, where the dog Maggie described as “really cute”became a school favorite.“They dont care if youre good at basketball, or a great reader, or popular,” Sindler said.“They just want to be loved equal opportunity,” he added.

24、 Cameron and the other dogs oncampus always fastened with a rope and with their owner go a long way toward improvingstudents social and emotional wellbeing, he said. They reduce tension and ease anxiety, andinspire happy feelings from students.“They bring out some superbasic and important emotions,”

25、 he said,“and are especiallyhelpful for children and adults who struggle in social communication.” Children often came from challenging backgrounds: many lived in poverty, or had to travel through dangerousneighborhoods to get to school, or shared a toocrowded home. When these emotionally needychild

26、ren met the dogs, they relaxed and were more prepared to learn.Just as important, dogs on school grounds set a posit ive, welcoming tone. They helppreserve the school climate that is accepting, supportive and curious.“Dogs are one way to hold onto that,” Sindler said, adding that“schools should be f

27、un and exciting, and dogs can be a big part ofthat.”For Sindler, including Cameron was all part of an effort to create a safe environment wherelearning could flourish.8. What makes the dog Cameron really special?A. His rare category.B. His particular birthmark.C. His attractive appearance. D. His co

28、mpanionable nature.9. How do dogs on campus improve studentssocial and emotional wellbeing?A. By playing fetch together fondly.B. By offering them comfort equally.C. By playing basketball together freely.D. By walking a long way together happily.10. What does the underlined word“that” in paragraph 5

29、 refer to?A.Apositive tone.B. The school ground.C.Awelcoming attitude.D. The school atmosphere.11. Whats the purpose of the passage?A. To encourage schools to bring in more dogs. B. To explain why dogs help students with learning.C. To introduce a way to help students grow healthily.D. To explore th

30、e possibility to challenge nodog rules.8.解析：根据文章第一段所给信息“ the dog who spends most days on campus is more like afriend.”以及“ Hell lie down and ask me to scratch his tummy,”可推断出Cameron友善的特性。 故答案为D。答案：D9.解析：根据文章第三段的描述，狗狗们并不在乎你是否是篮球高手，是否喜欢阅读，也不在乎你是否受大家欢迎。他们要求平等地得到学生的爱，也同时均等地给予学生安慰，体现了机会均等原则。故答案为B。答案：B10.解

31、析：根据划线词之前的句子表述“ . dogs on school grounds set a positive, welcomingtone. They help preserve the school climate that is accepting, supportive and curious.”可知，生活在校园的狗营造出一种积极的、欢迎的氛围。他们有助于保持这种包容的、支持的、好奇的学校氛围。因此可知此处that指代上文中的“ the school climate”，故答案为D。答案：D11.解析：根据全文内容可知，主要介绍校园里养狗有助于学生的健康成长。故答案为C。答案：C DPe

32、ople who risk their lives to save strangers do so without deliberation, according to aYaleled analysis of statements from more than 50 recognized civilian heroes published online Oct.15 in the journal PLOS ONE.“We wonder if people who act with extreme altruism（利他主义）do so without thinking, orif consc

33、ious selfcontrol is needed to override negative emotions like fear,” said David Rand, aYale psychologist who authored the study with Ziv G. Epstein of Pomona College in Claremont,Calif.“Our analyses show that strongly, extreme altruists report acting first and thinking later.”Rand, who studies human

34、 cooperation, got hundreds of participants to read 51 statementsmade by individuals who have received the Carnegie Hero Medal, given to civilians who risk theirlives to save strangers. Participants analyzed those statements for evidence of whether they actedintuitively or with deliberation.An analys

35、is of text by computer did the same.“What you dont find in the statements is people who say,I thought it over and I decided it was the right thing to do,” Rand said.Instead, most responded like Christine Marty, a 21yearold college student who rescued a69year old trapped in a car during a flashflood.

36、“Im thankful I was able to act and not think about it,” Marty said in a statement.The findings are consistent with Ra nds previous studies of cooperation in“economicgames,” where participants choose whether or not to share resources. In these studies, subjectsforced to think carefully tend to be sel

37、fish while those using intuition（直觉）are more likelyto be cooperative.Rand cautions that intuitive responses are not necessarily genetically hardcoded. He believespeople learn that helping others is often in their own longterm selfinterest and develop intuitivehabits of cooperation, rather than posse

38、ssing an inborn tendency preserved byevolution.“The best evolutionary outcome is to be able to learn, adapting to whether you were born intoa situation where it is typically good to cooperate or to be selfish,” he said. 12. What conclusion was drawn from David Rands study?A. Heroes help without thin

39、king.B. Heroes offer help on purpose.C. Heroes have a better selfcontrol. D. Heroes think carefully before they act.13. How did Rand conduct his study?A. By analysing heroeslife stories.B. By interviewing heroes on the spot.C. By studying heroesopinions about their behaviors.D. By keeping track of h

40、eroesconscious selfcontrol.14. What can we infer about Rands opinion on heroesbehavior?A. It is inborn.B. It is acquired.C. It is wellplanned.D. It is halfborn and halfmade.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. How heroes stepped out of danger B. How heroes help others out

41、 of troubleC. Heroes dont deliberate before they actD. Heroes deserve the Carnegie Hero Medal12.解析：根据文章第二段最后一句话可以推断出答案A。答案：A13.解析：根据第三段内容“ . got hundreds of participants to read 51 statements made byindividuals who have received .以及Participants analyzed those statements for evidence ofwhether they a

42、cted intuitively or with deliberation. An analysis of text by computer did the same.”可知，他的研究方法是通过参与者和电脑推演来分析英雄们自己的陈述，故选C。答案：C14.解析：根据文章倒数第二段的描述“ He believes people learn that helping others is oftenin their own long term self interest and develop intuitive habits of cooperation, rather thanpossessin

43、g an inborn tendency preserved by evolution. ”可知帮助别人的行为不是生来就有的， 而是在长期的利己主义中逐步培养的一种直觉的合作行为。所以答案为B。答案：B15.解析：全文围绕英雄们在见义勇为之前并未经过深思熟，所以选C。答案：C第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ways to reduce plastic wastePlastic is found in virtually everything these days. Your food is packag

44、ed in it. Your car,phone and computer are made from it. 16 . While most plastics are advertised asrecyclable, the reality is that theyre“downcycled.”Luckily, there are simple steps you can take to dramatically decrease the amount of plastic waste you produce. 17One of the easiest ways to keep plasti

45、c out of the landfill is to refuse plastic straws. Simplyinform your waiter or waitress that you dont need one, and make sure to state this clearly whenordering at a drivethru. Cant stand giving up the convenience of straws? 18 .Restaurants are less likely to bring you a plastic one if they see that

46、 youve brought your own. Use reusable produce bagsAbout one million plastic bags are used every minute. A single plastic bag can take 1,000years to degrade. If youre already bringing reusable bags to the grocery store, youre on therighttrack. Purchase some reusable produce bags and help keep even mo

47、re plastic out of the landfill.However, avoid those bags made from nylon or polyeste（聚酯纤维）. 19 .Use matches20 if you need to light a candle, build a campfire or start a fire for any otherreason.These cheap plastic devices sit in landfills for years and have even been found in dead birdsstomachs. If

48、you cant bear to part with your lighter, pick up a refillable metal one to help cutdown on waste.A. Say no to strawsB. Choose cotton ones instead C. Dont use plastic containerD. Choose matches over plastic lightersE. Most restaurants will have no problem with itF.And you might even chew on it daily

49、in the form of gumG. Purchase a reusable stainless steel or glass drinking straw解析：16.根据全文的内容以及前句可确定此处为进，故确定答案为F。17.此处为子，由全段内容可确定答案为A。18.根据前后句的话可以确定答案为G。19.根据话和并可确定答案，所以选B项。20.根据句子内容和可确定答案。故答案为D。答案：16. F 17.A 18. G 19. B 20. D第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分） 第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。At his graduation ceremony, my younger brother Peter presented me with a rose. I was tryingto look 21 , but I had just had a major disagreement with my friend. I felt like a fadingflower as I stood there, 22 three of his friends around: Jen, Beth and Angelika. The