2017年甘肃省天水市甘谷二中高三第一次模拟检测试题英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2017年甘肃省天水市甘谷二中高三第一次模拟检测试题英语一、阅读理解（每小题2分，共52分）AAre you an optimist? Do you look at your glass and see it as half full? Do you believe thatevery cloud has a silver lining and that things generally turn out for the best? Do you believe thatif something is meant to be, it will be? If you reply “yes” to

2、 all of these questions, then you are anoptimist. You probably are enthusiastic, cheerful and outgoing. You may be successful at work andin love.But you may be misguided because things dont turn out for the best. You may believe thatwhen one door closes another one opens（for example, you may fail to

3、 obtain a new job; anotherchance will come around soon）. Wrong. When one door closes, another door slams(砰然关上) inyour face. Thats bitter reality. Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists(悲观者) have suspected allalong. Its called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism. Its autho

4、r argues that defensivepessimism can lead to positive results. Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear,anxiety and worry. Defensive pessimists prepare for the things by setting low outcomes forthemselves. They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handlet

5、hese problems. And this gives them a sense of control. Lawrence Sanno, a psychology professor,says, “Whats interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people,so their low opinion of the situations outcomes is not realistic. They use it to motivate themselvesto perf

6、orm better. ”So far, so good. This is not rocket science. Defensive pessimists prepare carefully andconsider what might go wrong, whether at work, on date or even in a sports game. It makes senseto have a back-up plan. There are many sayings in English urging caution. For example, “Dontput all your

7、eggs in one basket. ” And “Dont count your chickens until they hatch. ” To have a confident and optimistic approach to lifes problems is good. But listen to what Woody Alien, theAmerican comedian says, “Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem. ”There are pros and cons to being

8、an optimist and a pessimist. Dont feel bad if you see theglass half empty. You are a realist. But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the sameglass half full.1. Whats the passage mainly about?A.Abook that has recently been published.B. How to become successful in life.C. The dangers of bein

9、g too optimistic.D. The benefits of defensive pessimism.2. The underlined sentence “This is not rocket science”（Para. 4）means _.A. its not a dangerous thing to doB. it is quite simple to understand C. the cost is not so highD. there is no real proof3. Which of the following English expressions would

10、 a defensive pessimist believe?A. Dont put all your eggs in one basket.B. The glass is half full not half empty. C. Whatever will be, will be.D. Every cloud has a silver lining.4. The writer would probably describe himself as _.A. an optimistB. a defeatistC. a realistD. a scientist解析：1.主旨大意题。文章在第一段提

11、出了人应该乐观一点会更好，接着主要讨论了要做一个有意识的悲观者，因为这样的悲观者才会对以后的事情做好充分的准备，会有详细的计划和安排。那样才能有更好的结果。故D正确。2.推理题。谚语This is not rocket science.中的rocket science指困难的事情，指那些很难以理解的事情。本句话的意思就是指这很好理解，不是那么难以理解的事物。故B正确。3.推理题。根据文章倒数第二段3,4行There are many sayings in English urging caution. For example, “Dont put all your eggs in one ba

12、sket,”说明该谚语就是指那些表示谨慎的谚语，故A项符合那些pessimists（悲观者）的特点。故A正确。4.推理题。根据第二段的最后三句：当上帝关上一扇门的时候，他会为你打开另外一扇门。但是实际上并不是总是如此，说明他对待一切是很现实的。以及文章后几段的内容可在C正确。答案：1-4. DBAC BThe Healthy Habits Survey(调查) shows that only about one third of American seniors havecorrect habits. Here are some findings and expert advice. 5. W

13、hat is found out aboutAmerican seniors?A. Most of them have good habits.B. Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.C.All of them are fighting germs better than expected.D.About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day. 6. Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands.A. twice a d

14、ayB. three times a dayC. four times a dayD. eight times a day7. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. We should keep from touching our faces.B. There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.C.Akitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.D. We should wash our hands be

15、fore touching a door handle.8. The text probably comes from.A. a guide bookB. a popular magazine C. a book reviewD. an official document解析：5.细节理解题。根据第一条调查结果“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth onlyonce a day.”可知D项正确。6.细节理解题。根据第二条调查结果中30%的年长者一天洗手四次,而这个是“half of thenumber doctors recommend” (医生建议数

16、目的一半),故医生建议每天洗手的次数应该是八次。7.细节理解题。在第三个Step中,作者用了一个强调句型“. it is not your toilet but yourkitchen sponge(海绵) that can carry more germs than anything else?”来说明:不是你的洗手间而是你厨房里面的海绵携带的病菌最多。故选C项。8.推理判断题。A:导游指南; B:大众杂志; C:书评; D:官方文件。本文是一份关于健康的调查报告,出现的地方最可能是杂志,故选B项。答案：5-8 DDCB CMen are spending more and more tim

17、e in the kitchen encouraged by celebrity(名人) chefslike Gordon Ramsay and Jamie Oliver，according to a report from Oxford University.The effect of the celebrity role models，who have given cooking a more manly picture，hascombined with a more general drive towards sexual equality and men now spend more

18、than twicethe amount of time preparing meals than they did in 1961.According to the research by Prof. Jonatahn Gershuny，who runs the Centre for TimeResearch at Oxford，men now spend more than half an hour a day cooking，up from just 12minutes a day in 1961. Prof. Gershuny said，“The man in the kitchen

19、is part of a much wider socialtrend. There has been 40 years of sexual equality，but there is another 40 years probably to come. ”Women，who a generation ago spent nearly two hours a day cooking，now spend just onehour and seven minutesa great fall，but they still spend far more time in the kitchen than

20、 men.Some experts have named these men in aprons as “Gastrosexuals (men using cooking skills to impress friends)”，who have been inspired to pick up a kitchen knife by the success of Ramsay，Oliver as well as other male celebrity chefs such as Hugh FearnleyWhittingstall，Marco PierreWhite and Keith Flo

21、yd.“I was married in 1974. When my father came to visit me a few weeks later，I was wearing an apron when I opened the door. He laughed，” said Prof. Gershuny. “That would never happennow. ”Twothirds of adults say that they come together to share at least three times a week，even ifit is not necessaril

22、y around a kitchen or dining room table. Prof. Gershuny pointed out that thefamily meal was now rarely eaten by all of its members around a tablewith many “familymeals” in fact taken on the sofa in the sitting room，and shared by family members. “The familymeal has changed a lot，and few of us eatas I

23、 did when I was a childat least two meals a daytogether as a family. But it has survived in a different format. ”9. What is one reason behind the trend that men spend more time cooking than before?A. The development of sexual equality campaign.B. The influence of popular female chefs.C. The change o

24、f females view on cooking.D. The improvement of cooks status. 10. What does the author think about the time men and women spend on cooking?A. Men spend more time cooking than women nowadays.B. It will take 40 years before men spend more time at the stove than women.C. Women spend much less time on c

25、ooking than before.D. There is a sharp decline in the time men spend on cooking compared with 1961.11. How did Prof. Gershuny see the family meal according to the passage?A. It has become a thing of the past.B. It is very different from what it used to be.C. It shouldnt be advocated in modern times.

26、D. It is beneficial to the stability of the family.12. Which is the best title for the passage?A. The Changes of Family MealsB. Equality between Men and Women C. Cookinga Thing of the Past for WomenD. Cooking into a New Trend for Men解析：9.细节理解。根据第二段The effect of the celebrity role models, who have gi

27、vencooking a more manly picture, has combined with a more general drive towards sexual equality可知男性名人在电视上展示厨艺和更多受到性别平等的心理驱使，导致男性在做饭上花得时间更多了。故选A。10.细节理解。根据第五段的Women, who a generation ago spent nearly two hours a daycooking, now spend just one hour and seven minutesa great fall,可知，女性下厨的时间比以前少了，但是还是比男性

28、多，and men now spend more than twice the amount of time preparingmeals than they did in 1961.说明现在男性在厨房的时间多。故选C。11.细节理解。根据最后一段的The family meal has changed a lot, and few of us eat可知，现在家人在一起聚餐的变化主要是吃饭退居其次，故选B。12.主旨大意。根据第一段的意思可知，本文的大意是男人下厨做饭成为新潮流。故选 D。答案：9-12 ACBD DIn a generous display of maturity and

29、sympathy, one Jewish boy made his first deed as a man in his faith a great act of charity.Joshua Neidorf, a 13-year-old boy from Los Angeles, donated most of his birthday money toOperation Mend, a program that reconstructs the faces of severely burned U. S. veterans（退伍老兵）.The young man decided to do

30、nate his money after getting to knowArmy Sgt. Louis Dahlman,who was undergoing a series of reconstruction surgeries（手术）at UCLA（University ofCalifornia at Los Angeles）thanks to Operation Mend. The Neidorfs had signed up to beDahlmans “buddy family”, spending time with him whenever he visited Los Ange

31、les for asurgery.“I just love knowing that its going somewhere. to help the people who save our lives andkeep us safe every day,” said Neidorf. His mother added, “It makes me feel like our world is goingin a good direction with this next generation.”In all, Neidorf gave $13,000 to Operation Mend. He

32、 also encouraged his friends to donate to the cause. He is the organizations youngest donor so far.Operation Mend is a privately funded program that works in partnership with the UCLAMedical Center. Ron Katz, a board member at the hospital, started the program in 2006 afterseeing a TV programme abou

33、t Aaron Mankin, a veteran who had gone through dozens of surgeriesafter a fight in Iraq which completely burned off his face.Mankin ended up being Operation Mends first patient, starting the first of 20 reconstructivefacial surgeries at UCLA in Sept. 2007. In a 2011 interview, Katz shared how his ex

34、perience ofhelping Mankin made him realize the need to establish a more permanent program. “My wife andI soon realized that there were dozens of Aarons out there,” Katz said. “They deserve the best thatwe offer them.”13. Neidorf decided to help veterans because _.A. he benefited from Operation MendB

35、. he was afraid of burned faces C. he thought they deserved helpD. he didnt know how to spend money14. Operation Mend was founded after _.A. Neidorf donated part of his birthday moneyB. the Neidorfs signed up to be Dahlmans “buddy family”C. Ron Katz saw a TV programme about a veteranD. Mankin was su

36、ccessfully operated on at UCLA15. What can we learn from the passage?A. Neidorfs mother was opposed to his decision to donate money.B. Mankins face was burned in a fire inAmerica.C. Mankin went through more than 30 facial surgeries at UCLA.D. Many facial surgeries are needed to reconstruct a serious

37、ly burned face.16. The last two paragraphs mainly tell us _. A. the process of Mankins surgeryB. how Operation Mend was set upC. how Katz became famousD. veterans are respected by people解析：13.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可判断出，Neidorf认为这些日日夜夜拯救他 人生命，守护他人安全的士兵是值得帮助的人。14.事实细节题。根据倒数第三段最后一句可知，Ron Katz在看过一个关于老兵的电视节目后决定创

38、办Operation Mend。15.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，Mankin的面部修复手术多达20次。由此推断，修复严重烧伤的面部需要很多次面部手术。16.主旨大意题。文章后两段通过介绍创办人Ron Katz和该组织接收的第一个病人Mankind告诉读者Operation Mend是如何建立起来的。答案：13-16 CCDB E阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。David and Jack are talking about cyber-relationships in their dorm.David: Jack, you spend

39、a lot of time on the Internet everyday. What do you most frequently use it for?Jack: I usually surf 17 net, read news and anything I am interested in, checkemails or chat with other people. Sometimes I order online too. Maybe I can find a girlfriendonline like a fairy tale.David: Well, I see. Thats

40、18 you are so stuck to it.Jack: I know dozens of websites provide dating service. Curiosity and the need forcompanionship make them a sure-fire business. I recommend that you 19 (try)B.David: To be 20 , I really cant understand how 21 people depend onthat way to make friends. Its kind of risky.Jack:

41、 Yes, but its also one of the easiest and fastest ways to meet new people.David: Sounds good. But it is full of traps on the Internet, and some people have really22 (please) experience about online dating. Jack: Its true, but some people did find their better-half through online dating.David: 23 , I

42、 wont try that way to make my girlfriend.Jack: Dont be so sure. If you 24 (happen) meet a girl online who is intelligent,kind, honest, and you get a good feeling of her, wont you have the desire to get to know her25 person?David: I wont have such a chance in the first place, for I never enter the ch

43、atroom.Jack: Maybe 26 mans meat is anothers poison.David: Thats right.解析：17. the surf the net是固定短语，意为“冲浪，浏览”。18. why“哦，我明白了。这就是你为什么那么迷恋它的原因吧”。why引导表语从句，且在从句中作原因状语。19. (should) try recommend后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟，should可以省略。 20. frank/honest to be frank/honest意为“老实说；坦率地说”。21. come说实话，我真不明白

44、人们为什么用这种方式交朋友。how come引导宾语从句，意为“为什么，怎么会”。22. unpleasant根据上文it is full of traps on the Internet（网络上充满陷阱）判断，这里指不愉快的（unpleasant）网恋经历。 23.Anyway“不管怎样（Anyway），我不会用这种方式交女朋友”。24. happen to happen to do表示“碰巧做，恰巧是”。25. in“如果你碰巧在网上遇见一个女孩，她聪明、善良、诚实，给你感觉不错，难道你不想亲自去了解她吗？”in person是固定短语，意为“亲自，本人”。26. one下文another

45、提示此空填one。这句谚语意为“对某人有利的对另一个人未必”。答案：17. the 18. why 19. (should) try 20. frank/honest 21. come 22.unpleasant 23.Anyway 24. happen to 25. in 26. one二、完形填空（每小题1分，共15分）In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management,developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X

46、 is the idea that people instinctively27 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has thepotential to find satisfaction in work. In any case, despite so much evidence to the 28 , many managers still agree toTheory X. They believe, 29 , that their employees need const

47、ant supervision if they areto work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 30 without consultation.This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 31 people. Unlike authoritarianmanagement, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well kn

48、own for the consultative nature ofdecision-makingall members of the department or work group are asked to 32 to thisprocess. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried toimitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 33 . Some expertssay that

49、 women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power toreach common goals in a way that traditional 34 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisionson their own without 35 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 36 the number of management layers in companies. Afterde-layering in this way, a company may be 37 with just a top level of senior managers,front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public