专业英语四级分类模拟356及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语四级分类模拟356及答案解析 (总分：49.95，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LANGUAGE KNOW(总题数：17，分数：30.00)1.Which of the following phrases indicates a predicate-object relationship?（分数：2.00）A.the younger generations educationB.the oceans roarC.Chinas territoryD.Renmin Ribaos editorials2.Intellect is to the mind _ sight is to the

2、 body.（分数：1.50）A.whatB.asC.thatD.like3.If you are an energetic person with strong views concerning the right way of doing things, you find yourself _ under stress.（分数：2.00）A.invisiblyB.invalidlyC.invaluablyD.invariably4.My father is a heavy sleeper now, but he used to rarely oversleep, _?（分数：2.50）A.

3、isnt heB.did heC.didnt heD.is he5.He _ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.（分数：1.50）A.may have actedB.must have actedC.should actD.would act6.The statistics _ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.（分数：1.50）A.provesB.is provingC.are provi

4、ngD.prove7.The child blew up the balloon until it _.（分数：1.00）A.smashedB.crackedC.fracturedD.burst8.The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause _ of vegetables in the coming days.（分数：1.00）A.rarityB.scarcityC.invalidityD.variety9.Although a teenager, Fred could resist _ what to do and what

5、not to do.（分数：3.50）A.being toldB.tellingC.to he toldD.to tell10.The police _ to arrest five people after the disturbances in the downtown.（分数：1.00）A.has been summonedB.have been summonedC.is being summonedD.have summoned11.The chairman of the company said that new techniques had _ improved their pro

6、duction efficiency.（分数：2.50）A.violentlyB.severelyC.extremelyD.radically12.With all this work on hand, he _ to the cinema last night.（分数：2.50）A.mustnt goB.wouldnt goC.oughtnt to goD.shouldnt have gone13.There is a delicate balance of nature _ many square miles of ocean and vegetation and clean air ar

7、e needed to maintain only a relatively few human beings.（分数：1.00）A.whereB.in whichC.whenD.how14.He went to England a child and came back a well-known writer. The italicized part functions as a (n) _.（分数：2.50）A.appositive (同位语)B.objectC.adverbialD.complement.15.Which of the following sentences is COR

8、RECT?（分数：2.00）A.I dont think it is a free choice.B.I think it is not a free choice.C.I didnt think it is a free choice.D.I thought it wasnt a free choice.16.Ill notify you as soon as I have any further information. The underlined part means _.（分数：1.00）A.signifyB.informC.communicateD.exchange17.The y

9、ounger persons attraction to stereos cannot be explained only _ familiarity with technology.（分数：1.00）A.by means ofB.in terms ofC.in quest ofD.by virtue of二、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：20.00)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice

10、 questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Passage One The Mermaid , directed by Hong Kong director Stephen Chow, has been smashing box office records in China since

11、 its debut on Feb 8. In one scene of the movie, an old mermaid tells a story about a man surnamed Zheng who saved mermaids many times 600 years ago. Zheng might be a fictional figure, but descriptions and illustrations of half-human and half-fish animals have been recorded since ancient times in Chi

12、na. Shan Hai Jing , an ancient Chinese text from at least the fourth century BC contains the earliest reference to a mermaid, calling the creature lingyu or renyu. It said lingyu has a human face and a fishs body and lives in the sea. According to the book, apart from lingyu, there were other kinds

13、of mermaids, including chiru, diren and huren. In one chapter, mermaids are depicted as sounding like crying babies and have four feet. In addition, some mermaids have the ability to resurrect when they pass away. He Bo, or Feng Yi, god of the Yellow River in Chinese fairy tales, is described as a m

14、an with a half-human and half-fish body. Shi Zi , a text book from the fourth century BC, relates that when Da Yu tried to end flooding on the Yellow River, a man with a fairys face and fishs body gave him a book about the river and disappeared. Sou Shen Ji , another Chinese book written in the Ming

15、 Dynasty (1368-1644), records mermaids named jiaoren living in the South China Sea. Their tears can become pearls. The cloth or silk made by jiaoren is called jiaoxiao or jiaosha, which is mentioned in many poems in Chinese ancient literature. In Dream of Red Chamber , Ling Daiyu also used jiaoxiao

16、to describe the silk handkerchiefs given by Jia Baoyu. Mermaids recorded in Cheng Zhai Za Ji , a book composed by Lin Kun in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), are more like humans. Without any fish-like features, they are beautiful females with fairy skin and very long hair. Nie Huang, a biologist from

17、the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) also mentioned mermaids in his Hai Cuo Tu . With black skin and yellow hair, the mermaids in his book have two sexes, webbed hands and feet and human eyes, mouths and noses. Unlike the others mentioned, they have red wings on their backs. Liao Zhai Zhi Yi , a famous nove

18、l by Pu Songling written in the Qing Dynasty, pictures a kind-hearted mermaid named Bai Qiulian. Bai becomes human and get married to the son of a businessman. But she has to stay in a lake from time to time to remain vigorous and fit. Passage Two Delta could soon become the third major airline in t

19、he past two years to fail on its pensions. If it does, federal pension insurance would cover some $ 8.4 billion in benefits. Even so, many Delta employees could end up with less than they expected. And American taxpayers would move closer to the prospect of having to save the federal pension insuran

20、ce agency. The traditional employer-provided pension system is in trouble, and Congress is right to be considering reforms that would prevent defaults, or at least mitigate them, while shoring up federal pension insurance. Unfortunately, the bills that have emerged from the reform effort have seriou

21、s weaknesses that would undercut those worthy goals, and in some cases could make things worse. One of the worst provisionscurrently in the Senate version of the reform billwould exempt ailing airlines from tougher new pension-funding rules that would apply to all other companies. Delta and Northwes

22、t have lobbied hard for the exemption, saying that defaults would be much more likely if airlines had to compute their obligations the same way everyone else did. Thats debatable. What is certain is that once Congress eased the rules for a few companies, it would be hard-pressed not to do the same f

23、or otherslike, say, the car-makers. The same dangerous tendency to loosen the rules governing a federally insured activity at a time of growing risks was a big catalyst in the savings and loan wipe-out of the 1980s. Another flawed reform proposal could make it easier for companies to hide their pens

24、ion troubles. Currently, a company must tell the federal insurer when its pension deficit reaches $ 50 million, so the government can track its risk. A House measure would adopt a new formula to determine when a deficit must be disclosed. If the proposed formula had been in place all along, about ha

25、lf of the companies that have ever defaulted might never have had to give any warning of trouble, according to the Center on Federal Financial Institutions, a nonpartisan research organization in Washington. Into this sausage mix President Bush recently threw a budget proposal that calls on Congress

26、 to raise $16.7 billion from underfunded pension plans. But to raise that much, the insurance premium would need to be as high as 1.8 percent of the underfunding. Thats twice as much as Congress would impose, and it would probably push weak plans over the edge. In fact, the administrations proposal

27、is not serious. Its a silly attempt to show savings in one area in order to advance unaffordable presidential prioritiestax cutselsewhere. Thats a shame, because the pension reform effort needs strong leadership. What started as a worthy cause is now falling victim to lobbying, partisan politics and

28、 all the other usual suspects. Passage Three Surely the right to keep and bear arms, outside a militia, shouldnt include Uzis, AK-47s, and similar assault weapons. The high courts decision should also firmly set Congress on course to renew the federal ban on assault weapons when it expires next year

29、. But when it comes to keeping guns out of criminal hands, theres still much more work to do. For instance, among the myriad provisions in a giant $373 billion omnibus spending bill currently before Congress is a rule change regarding gun-owner background checks. It would have the federal government

30、 destroy the record of a background check on a gun buyer within 24 hoursinstead of the 90-day rule now in effect. Keeping such records for only one day would deprive law-enforcement officials of a valuable tool to track individuals, including potential terrorists, who may have slipped through the Ju

31、stice Departments National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). Its very difficult for gun-rights advocates to make a strong argument against 90-day rule. A General Accounting Office report last year found 228 guns mistakenly sold to NICS-disapproved buyers over a six-month-periodguns th

32、at law-enforcement officials later had to retrieve using NICS information. And the problems were discovered only after 24 hours had passed. Extend that statistic to a year, or five years, and one can more easily see the ironclad importance of the 90-day rule. Gun-control opponents have long raised p

33、rivacy concerns about the 90-day rule. They also argue that other tracking methods are available, such as checking the paper records of the information gun-store owners transmit to NICS. But thats often a cumbersome and time-consuming process: Criminals routinely use fake IDs and aliases, and freque

34、ntly switch locations to elude detection. If an approved gun-purchaser turns out to be a terrorist, time becomes even more critical. An even more egregious problem concerns the Justice Departments narrow interpretation of the 1993 Brady gun-control law. If an individual whos on the FBI terrorist wat

35、ch list somehow clears the NICS background check and is able to buy a gun, Justices interpretation prevents counter-terrorism officials from seeing those records. Clearly, if a suspected terrorist buys a gun, other law-enforcement officials should know about it. Passage Four A controversy erupted in

36、 the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in e

37、very cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially pow

38、erful and controversial uses. DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to trove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from

39、a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect. The controversy in 1998 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population g

40、eneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly deter

41、mine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods which are adequate. In response to their cri

42、ticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K.Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the federal Bureau o

43、f Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA

44、testing laboratories.（分数：19.95）(1).What dose resurrect in the third paragraph mean? (Passage One)（分数：1.33）A.surrenderB.dieC.return to lifeD.escape life(2).Which mermaid has a pair of red wings on the back? (Passage One)（分数：1.33）A.Shan Hai JingB.Feng YiC.Sou Shen JiD.Nie Huang(3).Why should Congress

45、begin to consider reforms? (Passage Two)（分数：1.33）A.Because three airlines have failed in their pension plans.B.Because those employees couldnt get enough pension.C.Because American taxpayers themselves should support the federal pension insurance agency.D.Because the traditional employer-provided pe

46、nsion system is no longer reliable.(4).According to the passage, what is NOT one of the serious weaknesses about the reform? (Passage Two)（分数：1.33）A.The reform allows some airlines not to follow the rules that other companies have to.B.The tendency to loosen the rules might cause savings and loan wi

47、pe-out.C.The reform makes it more likely for companies not to give any warning of trouble.D.Some budget proposal might make weak pension plans unable to survive.(5).We can infer from the fourth paragraph that -|_|-. (Passage Two)（分数：1.33）A.the new formula would underestimate a companys troubled situ

48、ation.B.the new formula would overestimate a companys troubled situation.C.the Center on Federal Financial Institutions is a governmental organization.D.the Center on Federal Financial Institutions favors one of the two parties.(6).What is the main idea of this passage? (Passage Three)（分数：1.33）A.The controversy over the federal ban on assault weapons.B.The controversy