专业英语四级-260及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语四级-260及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Areflect Bshock Cinitiative Dsimplistic Eboiled Fon the list Gprescription Htricky Icomplicated Jignores Kafflict Ldisputed Mchances Nboredom Osubscription In the 1960s medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checkli

2、st of stressful events. They appreciated the 1 point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like serious illness of a family member were high 2 but so were some positive life-changing events like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not

3、3 how you deal with stress-it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your 4 of staying healthy. By the early 1970s hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under

4、 stress worried over the reports. Somehow the research got 5 down to a memorable message. Womens magazines ran headlines like Stress causes illness. If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such 6 advice is impossible to follow. Even if stre

5、ssful events are dangerous, manylike the death of a loved one-are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a 7 for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never

6、 marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also 8 a lot of what we know about people. It assumes were all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity. But what about human 9 and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and me

7、ntal vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to 10 and physical and mental strain.（分数：25.00）Aactual Bpredictor Cbigger Dexplanation Eadjusted Fmentally Gtracked Hadopted Icomponent Japparently Ksubstance Lsurvived Mindicator Nactive Oconducted T

8、hose baby-faced people now have another reason to be smug: a new Danish study says looking young 11 means a longer life. Research suggests that people who look younger than their years also live longer. In 2001, Danish researchers 12 physical and cognitive tests on more than 1,800 pairs of twins ove

9、r aged 70, as well as taking photos of their faces. Three groups of people who didnt know the twins real ages guessed how old they were. The researchers then 13 how long the twins 14 over 7 years. The experts found that people who looked younger than their 15 age were far more likely to survive, eve

10、n after they 16 for other factors like gender and environment. The 17 the difference in perceived age within any twin pair, the more likely it was that the older-looking twin died first. They also found a possible biological 18 : people who looked younger also tended to have longer telomeres (端粒), a

11、 key DNA 19 that is linked to aging. People with shorter telomeres are thought to age faster. In the Danish study, the more fresh-faced people had longer telomeres. The authors said that perceived age, which is widely used by doctors as a general 20 of a patients health, is a good biomarker of aging

12、 that predicts survival among people over age 70.（分数：25.00）Acertainly Brender Creplies Dbreezes Einvoluntary Fcoming from Gaffected Hpeople Ihearing Jobviously Ksnores Lfeeling Mresponses Ncoming into Oexhaling An unidentified wit once said, Laugh, and the world laughs with you. Snore, and you sleep

13、 alone. Yet snoring is far from a laughing matter as those unfortunates with good 21 , who are rightly subjected to the sounds of the snoring disorder, will testify. It has been estimated that one of eight Americans 22 ; this means that there are approximately 21 million peoplewomen as well as menwh

14、o 23 an unpleasant sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer disturbs the sleep of at least one other person, it 24 follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structures in his nose and throat generate the snoring.

15、 The sounds, 25 the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory 26 to inflowing and out flowing air. When the soft tissues of the mouth and throat come close to the lining of the throat, the vibrations that occur are caused by the position of the tongue. In short, th

16、e noise made by snoring can be compared to the noise when 27 flutter a flag on a pole, The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of the 28 tissues and on the force of the air flow. Although it is usually the process of inhaling or 29 through the mouth that cause sn

17、oring, short snores come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper. In all fairness to snorers, however, it should be emphasized that snoring is an 30 action which stops as the of fender is awakened.（分数：25.00）Areverse Bexcited Ccooperative Dmaintain Einvolved Fcharacterized GModerate Hanalyze Iinvolv

18、es Jaware Kuniverse Lpsychiatrists Mcontain NExcessive Odemocracy In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to 31 . The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisi

19、ons makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than their parents did and to prepare more fully for participation in a world 32 by cooperation rather than by the battle of the sexes. If the process

20、 goes too far and mans role is regarded as less importantand that has happened in some caseswe are as badly off as before, only in 33 . It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of monism. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing u

21、p children 34 a partnership of equals. There are signs that 35 , psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more 36 of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit-not all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a wom

22、ans place is the home, We are beginning, however, to 37 mens place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a(n) 38 enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs

23、to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. 39 authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy 40 , but also with a healthy family.（分数：25.00）专业英语四级-260答案解析 (总分：100

24、.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Areflect Bshock Cinitiative Dsimplistic Eboiled Fon the list Gprescription Htricky Icomplicated Jignores Kafflict Ldisputed Mchances Nboredom Osubscription In the 1960s medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events.

25、 They appreciated the 1 point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like serious illness of a family member were high 2 but so were some positive life-changing events like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not 3 how you deal with str

26、ess-it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your 4 of staying healthy. By the early 1970s hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over th

27、e reports. Somehow the research got 5 down to a memorable message. Womens magazines ran headlines like Stress causes illness. If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such 6 advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are danger

28、ous, manylike the death of a loved one-are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a 7 for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, t

29、ake a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also 8 a lot of what we know about people. It assumes were all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity. But what about human 9 and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they ha

30、d before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to 10 and physical and mental strain.（分数：25.00）解析：H 考点 考查形容词。 该句意为“他们赞同任何重大变化都会给人带来压力这个 -|_|-观点。”空格处应填形容词，修饰名词“观点”。选项中C项initiative意为“主动的，进取的”，D项simplistic意为“过分简单化的”，E项boiled意为“煮沸的，煮熟的”，H项tricky意为“难处理的，需要技巧的”，I项complicated意为

31、“复杂的”，L项disputed意为“有争议的”。C、D、E、I在意思上显然不正确，具有迷惑性的是L项，disputed侧重“有争议，有争端”的意思，此处用tricky更为合适，故选H。解析：F 考点 考查介词。词组 上文说任何大的变化都会引起压力，此处解释说这种大的变化多数是消极事件，如家人患重病，但也可以是积极事件，如结婚。空格处were high -|_|-暗含了一个固定搭配be high on the list，意为“位列榜首，居于名单前列”，用来作表语修饰前面的主语部分，故选F项on the list。解析：A 考点 考查动词。 that引导的宾语从句意为“分数并不 -|_|-你如何

32、应对压力 -|_|-它只能显示你需要应对的压力有多少”，分析句子结构可知空格处应填动词原形，作谓语。选项中A项reflect意为“反映，表现”，K项afflict意为“使痛苦，折磨”，只有reflect符合句意，故选A。解析：M 考点 考查名词。 本句意为“而且我们现在发现，你处理这些事件的方式会极大地影响你保持健康的 -|_|-。”由句意和上下文可知作者要表达的是“保持健康的可能性”，选项中只有M项chances意为“机会，可能性”，故答案选M。解析：E 考点 考查动词。 空格处填入的词要能和介词down搭配构成一个有意义的短语并使句意通顺，且由空格前的got可知，应填动词的过去分词。综观选

33、项，E项boiled与down构成短语boil down，意为“归根结底是；浓缩成”。该句意为“不知怎的，这项研究归结为一个难忘的讯息”，故答案选E。解析：D 考点 考查形容词。 选项中C项initiative意为“主动的，进取的”，D项simplistic意为“过分简单化的”，I项complicated意为“复杂的”。上一段的末句说的是“杂志中的文章指出：如果你想要保持身心健康，应该避免那些使你感觉压力很大的事件。”空格所在句的意思顺接上文，推测意为“但是这种过于简单化的建议是不能听从的。”只有simplistic符合句意，故选D项。解析：G 考点 考查名词。 本句意为“此外，任何避免所有压

34、力事件的警告是远离麻烦同时远离机会的 -|_|-。”由上下文推测，此处应表示解决问题的途径或办法，故选择G项prescription“药方；解决方案”，表示警告是“一剂良药”，而形近词O项subscription意为“捐献；订阅；签署”，不符合句意。解析：J 考点 考查动词。 本句中The notion是主语，that all stress makes you sick这一同位语从句修饰主语，空格所填词作谓语，根据从句中的时态可知，主句采用的也是一般现在时，且由于主语The notion是单数，所以谓语动词应为第三人称单数形式，所以选J项ignores“忽视”。解析：C 考点 考查名词。 an

35、d连接空格和creativity，空格处需要填一个与后者表意类似的词。剩余备选名词选项中C项initiative意为“主动性”，和creativity措配表示“主动性和创造性”，符合句意，故选C。解析：N 考点 考查名词。 本句句意为“我们还知道，很长一段时间没有改变或面临挑战可能会导致 -|_|-和身心压力。”由常识可推测，此处应填一个表示丧失斗志或者无聊空虚的负向名词，综观选项，只有N项boredom“厌倦，厌烦”符合句意。Aactual Bpredictor Cbigger Dexplanation Eadjusted Fmentally Gtracked Hadopted Icompo

36、nent Japparently Ksubstance Lsurvived Mindicator Nactive Oconducted Those baby-faced people now have another reason to be smug: a new Danish study says looking young 11 means a longer life. Research suggests that people who look younger than their years also live longer. In 2001, Danish researchers

37、12 physical and cognitive tests on more than 1,800 pairs of twins over aged 70, as well as taking photos of their faces. Three groups of people who didnt know the twins real ages guessed how old they were. The researchers then 13 how long the twins 14 over 7 years. The experts found that people who

38、looked younger than their 15 age were far more likely to survive, even after they 16 for other factors like gender and environment. The 17 the difference in perceived age within any twin pair, the more likely it was that the older-looking twin died first. They also found a possible biological 18 : p

39、eople who looked younger also tended to have longer telomeres (端粒), a key DNA 19 that is linked to aging. People with shorter telomeres are thought to age faster. In the Danish study, the more fresh-faced people had longer telomeres. The authors said that perceived age, which is widely used by docto

40、rs as a general 20 of a patients health, is a good biomarker of aging that predicts survival among people over age 70.（分数：25.00）解析：J 考点 考查副词。 分析句子结构可知，空格处所在部分是says的宾语从句，而从句的主谓宾成分齐全，故可判断空格处需填副词以修饰looking young，综观选项，只有F项mentally“精神上，心理上”和J项apparently“显然地”符合条件，再根据句意“娃娃脸的人又有了一个理由可以自鸣得意：丹麦一项新的研究表明，看起来长得年

41、轻 -|_|-意味着更长寿”，apparently“显然地”代入空格处符合句意，故选J。解析：O 考点 考查动词。 分析句子结构可以判断空格处作句子的谓语，再根据时间状语In 2001可以判断，本句的时态为过去时。该句意为“在2001年，丹麦的研究人员对1800多对年龄在70岁以上的双胞胎 -|_|-身体和认知测试”，由此可知空处应填含有“做，实施，安排”等含义的动词，O项conducted意为“实施，组织”，符合句意，故选O。解析：G 考点 考查动词。 分析句子结构可知，空格处作句子的谓语，故应填动词的过去式。此句的主语是The researchers，结合选项可知只有G项tracked符合

42、句意，track意为“跟踪，追踪”，故选G。解析：L 考点 考查动词。 分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词作宾语从句的谓语。该处意为“那些双胞胎们 -|_|-超过七年”，结合上下文可知只有“存活超过七年”符合逻辑，survive意为“活下来，幸存”，故选L。解析：A 考点 考查形容词。 分析句子结构可知，空格处要填形容词来修饰age。此处意为“专家发现那些看起来比他们 -|_|-年龄年轻的人更可能存活”，由上下文可知这里指的是实际年龄(actual age)，放A项actual“实际的”符合句意。解析：E 考点 考查动词。 分析句子结构可知，空格处作时间状语从句的谓语，因处应填动词的过去式。选项中

43、符合条件的剩下E项adjusted“调整”和H项adopted“采用”。原句意为“专家发现那些看起来比他们实际年龄年轻的人更可能存活，即使在他们因为其他因素诸如性别和环境的而 -|_|-之后”，由此判断空格处填adjusted“使适应；调整”更符合句意，故选E。解析：C 考点 考查形容词。比较级 根据后面的the more likely可判断本句的基本结构是“the+比较级，the+比较级”。因此空格处应填形容词的比较级，所以答案为C项bigger。原句意为“双胞胎的实际年龄差距越 -|_|-，就越有可能长相老的人去世得早。”解析：D 考点 考查名词。 通过分析句子结构可知，形容词biolog

44、ical修饰名词。空格后有一个冒号，冒号后面的内容意为“长相年轻的人往往有更长的端粒”，显然此处是对biological -|_|-的一种解释，故选D项explanation“解释”。解析：I 考点 考查名词。 分析句子结构可知，空格处是that引导的定语从句的先行词，故应为名词。由“一个关键的DNA -|_|-”可知，空格处应填I项component，意为“成分”；而K项substance意为“物质”，M项indicator意为“标志，指示物”。由常识可知，端粒是DNA中的一种成分，故此处填component更贴切，所以选I。解析：M 考点 考查名词。 分析句子结构可知空处格应填名词。此处是

45、说“(研究的)作者们说，可感知的年龄被医生们广泛地使用，来作为患者健康的一个普通 -|_|-”，根据后面的biomarker(生物指标，生物学标记)可知空格处应填跟“生物学标记”有类似含义的名词。M项indicator意为“标志，指示物”，general indicator意为“一般指标”，符合句意，故选M。Acertainly Brender Creplies Dbreezes Einvoluntary Fcoming from Gaffected Hpeople Ihearing Jobviously Ksnores Lfeeling Mresponses Ncoming into Oex

46、haling An unidentified wit once said, Laugh, and the world laughs with you. Snore, and you sleep alone. Yet snoring is far from a laughing matter as those unfortunates with good 21 , who are rightly subjected to the sounds of the snoring disorder, will testify. It has been estimated that one of eigh

47、t Americans 22 ; this means that there are approximately 21 million peoplewomen as well as menwho 23 an unpleasant sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer disturbs the sleep of at least one other person, it 24 follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structures in his nose and throat generate the snoring. The sounds, 25 the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory 26 to inflowing and out flowing air. When the soft tissues of the mout