专业英语四级-81及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语四级-81及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the websites youve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually 1 through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping 2 or calling habits. Who would 3 you without yo

2、ur permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never 4 to be seenthe 21st century equivalent of being caught 5 . Psychologists tell us 6 are healthy, that its important to reveal yourself to friends,

3、family and lovers 7 stages, at appropriate times. But few of them remain today. The 8 bread crumbs (面包屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for 9 to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google 10 can reveal what you think. 11 , increasingly we live in a wo

4、rld where you simply cannot keep a secret. The key question is: Does that 12 ? For many Americans, the 13 apparently is no. When asked about privacy, most Americans say they are concerned about 14 it. A survey found an overwhelming 15 about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel th

5、eir privacy is 16 away, and that bothers me. But people say one thing and do 17 . Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any 18 in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn 19 a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can 20 automobile movements. And few refu

6、se supermarket loyalty cards.（分数：40.00）A.glanceB.browseC.readD.checkA.tendenciesB.inclinationsC.preferencesD.aptitudesA.seeB.watchC.inspectD.superviseA.imaginedB.intendedC.agreedD.proposedA.hotB.red-handedC.exposedD.nakedA.respectsB.restrictionsC.self-protectionsD.boundariesA.inB.atC.byD.withA.messy

7、B.digitalC.numerousD.tinyA.enemiesB.criminalsC.strangersD.companiesA.trackB.searchC.recordD.downloadA.Like it or notB.Believe it or notC.Make it or notD.Have it or notA.workB.functionC.matchD.matterA.truthB.answerC.problemD.concernA.losingB.violatingC.breakingD.deprivingA.optimismB.pessimismC.spirit

8、ualismD.materialismA.slidingB.skiddingC.slippingD.glidingA.anotherB.the otherC.othersD.the othersA.habitsB.mentalitiesC.mannersD.behaviorsA.offB.awayC.downD.backA.chaseB.huntC.trackD.pursueIn families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact 21 a childs language development than mother

9、s, a new study 22 . Researchers 23 92 families from 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, 24 of education and child care arrangements. 25 , it was a group of well-educated middle-class families, 26 married parents both living in the home.

10、 When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, recording all of their 27 . The study will appear in the November 28 of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology . The scientists 29 the total number of utterances of the parents, the numbe

11、r of different words they used, the 30 of their sentences and other aspects of their speech. 31 average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not 32 in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked. Finally, the researchers 33 the childrens speech at age 3, using a standardi

12、zed language test. The only predictors of high 34 on the test were the mothers level of education, the 35 of child care and the number of different words the father used. The researchers are 36 why the fathers speech, and not the mothers, had an effect. Its welt 37 that the mothers language does hav

13、e an impact, said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It 38 be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had already had a strong influence 39 their childrens speech development, or it may be that mothers are 40 in a way we didnt measure in the study.（分数：30.00）A.inB.atC.onD.withA.rep

14、ortsB.informsC.assumesD.suggestsA.appointedB.recruitedC.enrolledD.admittedA.levelB.standardC.yearsD.degreeA.MoreoverB.OverallC.In allD.LuckilyA.andB.orC.withD.withoutA.speechB.actionC.expressionD.responseA.publicationB.versionC.editionD.issueA.recordedB.measuredC.includedD.estimatedA.simplicityB.com

15、plexityC.easinessD.difficultyA.OnB.InC.ForD.AtA.changeB.speakC.differD.specializeA.videotapedB.predictedC.comparedD.analyzedA.valuesB.scoresC.standardsD.qualitiesA.effectB.intensityC.qualityD.strengthA.awareB.unawareC.sureD.unsureA.understoodB.constitutedC.establishedD.informedA.shouldB.couldC.had t

16、oD.used toA.withB.inC.atD.onA.contributingB.cultivatingC.instructingD.enlighteningMany dog owners regard their furry friends as their children, and talk to them 41 Now, a new study reports that dogs, like infants, are able to study minor 42 in human communication and 43 interpret intent. Researchers

17、 from Hungary 44 the study in the journal Current Biology . They presented dogs 45 two videos. In the first, a woman says, Hi, dog, while looking 46 at the camera. The woman then turns her head toward a container. The dog follows her 47 . However, when the woman is looking down, 48 at the camera, as

18、 she says, Hi, dog, the dog does not follow her 49 gaze. Dogs pick up on the 50 difference in the womans behavior in the two situations, said Adam Miklosi, a 51 biologist at Eotvos Lorand University in Budapest and one of the studys authors. The study shows that dogs can 52 human behavior, he said,

19、and understand when they are being 53 . Other studies have shown that infants have the same 54 to interpret an adults intent. Dogs are 55 similar to a 6-month-old, to a 1-year-old, Dr. Miklosi said, though we dont really know how the dog mind is dealing 56 the problem, and its probably different fro

20、m an infant. Dogs presumably gained this ability 57 generations of domestication. Being in a human family gives the dogs the ability to interact in a 58 way, Dr. Miklosi said. You can really treat your dog as a sort of infant, 59 you wouldnt really do 60 a goat or another domesticated animal.（分数：30.

21、00）A.eagerlyB.lovinglyC.accordinglyD.mutuallyA.differencesB.detailsC.changesD.informationA.immediatelyB.surprisinglyC.roughlyD.correctlyA.publishedB.demonstratedC.exposedD.conceivedA.toB.inC.forD.withA.upB.downC.awayD.straightA.stareB.glareC.gazeD.glanceA.and alsoB.rather thanC.or ratherD.longer tha

22、nA.consequentB.subsequentC.constantD.continuousA.potentialB.subtleC.trickyD.substantialA.behaviorB.behavioralC.behavioristD.behaviorismA.readB.receiveC.learnD.studyA.rewardedB.shownC.addressedD.arousedA.behaviorB.abilityC.talentD.skillA.functionallyB.intuitivelyC.linguisticallyD.cognitivelyA.atB.for

23、C.inD.withA.afterB.overC.forD.withA.smartB.obedientC.humanD.similarA.whichB.thatC.thoughD.asA.toB.inC.forD.with专业英语四级-81答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the websites youve visited. Or perhaps someone will casually 1 through your credi

24、t card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping 2 or calling habits. Who would 3 you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never 4 to be seenthe 21st century equivale

25、nt of being caught 5 . Psychologists tell us 6 are healthy, that its important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers 7 stages, at appropriate times. But few of them remain today. The 8 bread crumbs (面包屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for 9 to reconstruct who you are, where you are and

26、 what you like. In some cases, a simple Google 10 can reveal what you think. 11 , increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret. The key question is: Does that 12 ? For many Americans, the 13 apparently is no. When asked about privacy, most Americans say they are concerned ab

27、out 14 it. A survey found an overwhelming 15 about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is 16 away, and that bothers me. But people say one thing and do 17 . Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any 18 in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn 19 a

28、 discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can 20 automobile movements. And few refuse supermarket loyalty cards.（分数：40.00）A.glanceB.browseC.readD.check解析：解析 语义衔接题。本句中“casually”一词表明看的人显得很随意，因此用glance(快速地看)比较合适；此外，另外三个词都是及物动词，后面不可用through。A.tendenciesB.inclinationsC.preferen

29、cesD.aptitudes解析：解析 名词辨析题。preference：喜好，根据后面的habits可知该词较为合适。tendency：趋势；inclination：趋势，趋向；aptitude：能力。A.seeB.watchC.inspectD.supervise解析：解析 名词辨析题。前文提到了“看邮件，浏览网站，看你的购物记录及手机通话记录”，这些行为都属于watch(监视)。see：看到；inspect：审查；supervise：指导。A.imaginedB.intendedC.agreedD.proposed解析：解析 语义衔接题。他人通过上述方式窥视到的信息，自然都是当事者从来不

30、希望他人看到的那一面，因此intended(打算，意欲)最符合上下文。A.hotB.red-handedC.exposedD.naked解析：解析 语义衔接题。因为别人看到的是自己不愿意被看到的那些东西，因此是“caught naked(赤身裸体)”，而非“caught red-handed(在犯罪现场被捉)”。A.respectsB.restrictionsC.self-protectionsD.boundaries解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据“healthy”及后文“应该在合适的时候、分阶段让他人了解自己”可知，心理学家的建议是人与人之间透露个人信息时应该有一个界限(boundaries)

31、，即他人不应该超越的范围，而restrictions意为“限制，束缚”，指外界施加的限定。A.inB.atC.byD.with解析：解析 词搭配题。in stages：分阶段；at the/this stage：在这个阶段。A.messyB.digitalC.numerousD.tiny解析：解析 语义衔接题。因为上段和本段讲述的都是人们上网或者现代金融、通讯工具造成的个人信息泄露，因此此处是一个比喻，将这些电子工具中的痕迹比喻为电子“面包屑”。A.enemiesB.criminalsC.strangersD.companies解析：解析 逻辑关系题。他人可以根据你留下的信息碎片构建出有关你的

32、完整信息，从逻辑上看，这些完整信息对strangers(陌生人)来说是了解他人的方式。上下文中并没有涉及到敌人、罪犯等。A.trackB.searchC.recordD.download解析：解析 背景知识题。Google是一个搜索引擎，因此他人可以根据你的搜索内容知道你在想什么。A.Like it or notB.Believe it or notC.Make it or notD.Have it or not解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据后句“在这个世界，我们越来越无法守住秘密”，短语“like it or not(不管你是否喜欢)”更合适在这里作插入语。believe it or not：

33、无论你是否相信，也可作插入语，但不符合句意。make it or no(成功与否)与have it or not(不管有没有)不可以作插入语使用。A.workB.functionC.matchD.matter解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据后文的“no”以及许多美国人在日常生活中并不介意放弃个人信息以获得某种优惠的事实可知，这里问的是“这要紧吗?”。A.truthB.answerC.problemD.concern解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据上句的“question”一词，不难选出“answer”。A.losingB.violatingC.breakingD.depriving解析：解析 动词辨析

34、题。此空中填写的现在分词的逻辑主语为“most Americans”，因此losing最为合适。violating(侵犯)与depriving(剥夺)意义不合适。breaking意味违反。A.optimismB.pessimismC.spiritualismD.materialism解析：解析 逻辑关系题。根据原文可知，因为60%的被调查者都对自己的隐私越来越少而深感不安，因此是一种pessimism(悲观主义)的情绪。A.slidingB.skiddingC.slippingD.gliding解析：解析 动词辨析题。这几个动词都有“滑动”的意思，但slip还有“(时间等)不知不觉悄悄离开”的

35、意思。slide意为“在光滑的表面滑动”，也可以表示“(人)悄悄地溜走”；skid表示“打滑”；glide意为“(鸟、飞机等)滑翔”。A.anotherB.the otherC.othersD.the others解析：解析 固定搭配题。one.another表示泛指的两者。A.habitsB.mentalitiesC.mannersD.behaviors解析：解析 名词辨析题。因为后文提到了美国人为获得折扣往往会选择提供个人信息，这属behaviors(行为)。habits：习惯；mentalities：心理：manners：礼节。A.offB.awayC.downD.back解析：解析 词

36、组辨析题。根据意义，这里应选择turn down，意思为“拒绝(好意、建议等)”。turn off：关闭。turn away：转过身，拒绝，如：They never turn away the hungry. 他们绝不会把挨饿的人撵走；rum back：回转，回头。A.chaseB.huntC.trackD.pursue解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据上下文可以猜测出，与收费站联系在一起的EZ-Pass system应该是可以追踪(track)汽车的一种系统。chase：追捕，追赶；hunr：打猎，驱逐；pursue：追赶，追求，都不符合句意。In families with two workin

37、g parents, fathers may have more impact 21 a childs language development than mothers, a new study 22 . Researchers 23 92 families from 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, 24 of education and child care arrangements. 25 , it was a group

38、 of well-educated middle-class families, 26 married parents both living in the home. When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, recording all of their 27 . The study will appear in the November 28 of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psy

39、chology . The scientists 29 the total number of utterances of the parents, the number of different words they used, the 30 of their sentences and other aspects of their speech. 31 average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not 32 in the length of utterances or proportion of questions

40、 asked. Finally, the researchers 33 the childrens speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high 34 on the test were the mothers level of education, the 35 of child care and the number of different words the father used. The researchers are 36 why the fathers speech

41、, and not the mothers, had an effect. Its welt 37 that the mothers language does have an impact, said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It 38 be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had already had a strong influence 39 their childrens speech development, or it may be that mot

42、hers are 40 in a way we didnt measure in the study.（分数：30.00）A.inB.atC.onD.with解析：解析 介词搭配题。have impact on sth.：对产生影响。A.reportsB.informsC.assumesD.suggests解析：解析 动词辨析题。第一句是文章的主题句，表明了整个研究的发现结果，因此在新闻报道中往往会用suggest, show等词。report的主语应该是记者、新闻媒体；inform(通知)，assume(假设)在意义上都不正确。A.appointedB.recruitedC.enrolled

43、D.admitted解析：解析 动词辨析题。根据原文可知，研究人员征集了92个家庭的孩子参加这个实验。recruit：招募(志愿者、工作人员等)；appoint：任命；enroll：报名，注册(参加课程，学校学习)；admit：录取，招生。A.levelB.standardC.yearsD.degree解析：解析 名词辨析题。本句的动词谓语为establish(确认，明确)。根据句意，研究者需要确认家庭中与孩子发展有关的因素，因此此处应该是指父母的level of education(教育水平)，而不是standard of education(教育标准)。A.MoreoverB.Overal

44、lC.In allD.Luckily解析：解析 副词辨析题。overall：总体来说。根据原文可知，在列举了被研究家庭的各个方面情况之后，本句显然是对整体情况的一个描述，因此用overall一词。A.andB.orC.withD.without解析：解析 语法关系题。本句的主句为“it was a group of.families”，因此本短语充当状语，根据句意应该选with。A.speechB.actionC.expressionD.response解析：解析 语义衔接题。因为该研究是父母对孩子语言发展的影响，因此研究人员记录的应该是孩子在玩耍中所说的话，因此speech(说话，言语)符合

45、题意。A.publicationB.versionC.editionD.issue解析：解析 名词辨析题。期刊杂志的一期称为issue。publication：出版物；version：译本，(书、音乐改编的)版本；edition：版本(如精装、平装)，(书报等)一次发行的总数。A.recordedB.measuredC.includedD.estimated解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据上文，科学家用录像记录了孩子们在家玩耍时与父母之间的语言，而下文提到了父母说话及提问在数量和长度等方面的差别，因此这里科学家应该是根据录像测算(measure)父母说话的数量、用词等方面的量化值。A.simplicityB.complexityC.easinessD.difficulty解析：解析 固定搭配题。句子结构的复杂性要用complexity一词，如：complex sent