专业英语八级词汇-11及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级词汇-11及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)The second most important constituent of the biosphere isliquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range oftemperatures, since water freezes at 0 and boils at 100. This isonly a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some otherplanets and the

2、hot interior of the earth, let the temperature of the sun. (1) As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a planet (2) had temperatures somewhere within this range. The earths supply (3) of water probably remains quite fairly constant in quantity. A certain (4) number of hydrogen atoms,

3、which are one of the main constituentsof water, are lost by escaping from the atmosphere to out space, (5) but they are probably just about replaced by new water rising away (6) from the depths of the earth during volcanic action. The total quantityof water is not known, and it is about enough to co

4、ver the surface of (7) the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kms.Most of it97%is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans.The rest is fresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the (8) Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systemswhen melted. Of the re

5、maining fraction, which is somewhat (9) fewer than 1% of the whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored as (10) underground water as is actually on the surface. There is also a minor,but extremely important, fraction of the water supply which is presentas water vapor in the atmosphere.（分数：20.00）填空项1

6、:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Vitamins, like minerals, are chemicals. There is absolutely not (1) difference in the chemical structure of the (2) nature vitamin C and the chemical structure of the synthetic (3) vitamin C. Also, while most substances are harmlessat very low

7、level of intake, all substance-even the elements (4) that are essential to life-can be dangerous if you overdothem. Take water for example. Six or eight glasses a daywill keep your body in good fluid balance. But you can alsobe drown in it. Some people argue that individuals vary greatlyin their nee

8、d for nutrients, it cannot necessarily be stated any (5) given amount is too much; that is all relative. But sincethere is little solid information on what is the optimal intakeof any essential nutrient in healthy individuals, it would (6) be impossible to give guidelines that take these proportiona

9、lneeds into the account. Just as with other drugs, the (7) relation to different vitamin dosages varies, with some peoplebetter able than others to tolerate large amounts. While we do (8) know that very specifically what the toxic level is for (9) vitamins A and D, we are far less sure about vitamin

10、 E, eventhough it, too, is fat-soluble, and we still dont understand thewater-soluble vitamin, the C and the B groups, which the body (10) cant store.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Because the air in the country is really clean, we ought to livethere much as po

11、ssible. Since, however, a great deal of the worlds (1) work must be done indoor in cities, it is important that we take every (2) precaution to ventilate our houses properly. Some people havethought that night air is injurious. But careful study shows that nightair is identical with which we breath

12、during the day. In fact the (3) proper ventilation of a bedroom is one of the first necessity for good (4) health. Since the exhaled air is usually warmer and lighter than theinhaled air, it rises to the top of the room. Therefore it is better toopen a window both at the top to let the warm up air o

13、ut and also at (5) the bottom to admit the fresh air in. Of course, this does not mean (6) that one should sleep in a strong draft. In many places it is feasible tosleep out-of-the-doors on a sleeping porch and so to secure perfect (7) ventilation.In recent years we have seen steady progress made in

14、 the developmentof equipments to supply proper conditioned air not only in large (8) auditoriums, class-rooms, and factories, but also in railroad trainsand in private homes. This equipment cleans the air off dust, keeps (9) the temperature comfortable, holds the humidity at the right point,and keep

15、s the air in the motion. Such a condition is conductive to (10) efficiency as well as good health.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful thing that (1) men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire di

16、d not hurtwhen it bum, children would play with it until their hands were burnt away. (2) Similarly, if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself againand again, because fear would not warn it to keep away the fire (3) that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldier-and some do ex

17、ist-isnot a good soldier so he is soon killed, and a dead soldier is of no (4) use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards with which (5) men and animals might soon die out. In our first sentence we suggestedthat fear ought to be properly used. If, for example, you never go out ofyour ho

18、use because the danger of being knocked down and killed in (6) the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in yourhouse you are not absolute safe: an airplane may crash on your house, (7) or ants may eat away some of the beams in your roof so that the later falls (8) on you, or

19、 you may get cancer! The important thing is not let fear rule (9) you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warnyou of dangers; then you have to decide what action to make. (10) （分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Chemistry is the study of th

20、e behavior and compositionof matter. Al1 foods are made up of chemical substance whichundergoes chemical changes when cooking in an oven or (1) digested within the body. The cooking of meat and vegetablesinduce chemical changes, making it more delicious; similarly (2) the leaving action of baking po

21、wder is a straightforwardchemical change, as is the conversion of starch into sweetsugars by digestion. Cookery is a science requiring (3) for knowledge of chemistry. This is evident from the variety (4) of cooking products and food additives available as cooking (5) oils, fats, colorings, sweetener

22、s, tenderizers, flavorings,screaming agents, preservatives, etc. Each is carefullyprepared before painstaking research. It is therefore essential (6) for trained cookers to understand chemical science in order to (7) appreciate the chemistry nature of foods and the changes (8) achieving on cooking.

23、Homeworkers should also know (9) cleansing agents and textiles used in the home and how (10) the latter responds to the effects of heat, light, water, andchemical cleansing agents.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级词汇-11答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)The second mo

24、st important constituent of the biosphere isliquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range oftemperatures, since water freezes at 0 and boils at 100. This isonly a tiny range compared with the low temperatures of some otherplanets and the hot interior of the earth, let the temperature of t

25、he sun. (1) As we know, life would only be possible on the face of a planet (2) had temperatures somewhere within this range. The earths supply (3) of water probably remains quite fairly constant in quantity. A certain (4) number of hydrogen atoms, which are one of the main constituentsof water, are

26、 lost by escaping from the atmosphere to out space, (5) but they are probably just about replaced by new water rising away (6) from the depths of the earth during volcanic action. The total quantityof water is not known, and it is about enough to cover the surface of (7) the globe to a depth of abou

27、t two and three-quarter kms.Most of it97%is in the form of the salt waters of the oceans.The rest is fresh, but three quarter of this is in the form of ice at the (8) Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systemswhen melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat (9) fewer than

28、1% of the whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored as (10) underground water as is actually on the surface. There is also a minor,but extremely important, fraction of the water supply which is presentas water vapor in the atmosphere.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：在let之后加alone）解析：解析 let alone是固定搭配，意为“更不用说”，

29、与原文想要表达的“与其他星球的低温和地球内部的高温相比，这只是一个很小的温度范围，更不用说和太阳的温度相比了”意思相符，因此在let后加alone。填空项1:_（正确答案：facesurface）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“在星球的表面”，因此把face改成意为“表面”的surface。填空项1:_（正确答案：hadhaving或在had之前加thatwhich）解析：解析 分析句子结构可知，had temperatures_是用于修饰限定之前的planet的，因此应将had改成现在分词形式having作后置定语，或在had之前加that或which引导定语从句。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉

30、quite或fairly）解析：解析 quite和fairly都是副词，且均意为“很，非常”，二者同时出现表意重复，因此要删除其中一个。填空项1:_（正确答案：outouter）解析：解析 out是副词，不能修饰名词space而原文想要表达的是“太空，外层空间”，因此将out改为形容词outer，且outer space为固定搭配。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉away）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“它们可能会被从地球深处冒出来的新水所代替”，因此应删去away，用rise from表示“从升上来”。填空项1:_（正确答案：andbut）解析：解析 原文“总水量还不知道”和“它足以覆盖整个地球表

31、面”之间是转折关系，因此把表并列的and改为but。填空项1:_（正确答案：quarterquarters）解析：解析 quarter为可数名词，当分子大于一时，分母就应该用复数形式，故此处用quarters。填空项1:_（正确答案：whenunless）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“有四分之三的淡水以冰的形式存在于两极和山上，如果不被融化就不能被生物系统所利用”，因此应把when改成意为“除非”的unless。填空项1:_（正确答案：fewerless）解析：解析 句中的fraction指代的是上文提到的fresh water，为不可数名词，而few不能用于修饰不可数名词，因此将fewer改

32、成less。Vitamins, like minerals, are chemicals. There is absolutely not (1) difference in the chemical structure of the (2) nature vitamin C and the chemical structure of the synthetic (3) vitamin C. Also, while most substances are harmlessat very low level of intake, all substance-even the elements (

33、4) that are essential to life-can be dangerous if you overdothem. Take water for example. Six or eight glasses a daywill keep your body in good fluid balance. But you can alsobe drown in it. Some people argue that individuals vary greatlyin their need for nutrients, it cannot necessarily be stated a

34、ny (5) given amount is too much; that is all relative. But sincethere is little solid information on what is the optimal intakeof any essential nutrient in healthy individuals, it would (6) be impossible to give guidelines that take these proportionalneeds into the account. Just as with other drugs,

35、 the (7) relation to different vitamin dosages varies, with some peoplebetter able than others to tolerate large amounts. While we do (8) know that very specifically what the toxic level is for (9) vitamins A and D, we are far less sure about vitamin E, eventhough it, too, is fat-soluble, and we sti

36、ll dont understand thewater-soluble vitamin, the C and the B groups, which the body (10) cant store.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：notno）解析：解析 用于否定名词difference的应该是形容词no，而非副词not。填空项1:_（正确答案：inbetween）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“天然维生素C的化学结构和人造维生素C的化学结构完全没有差别”，因此应将in改为between，与difference构成固定搭配difference between A and B，表示“A

37、和B之间的差别”。填空项1:_（正确答案：naturenatural）解析：解析 用于修饰名词vitamin的应该是形容词，因此将名词nature改为形容词natural。填空项1:_（正确答案：substancesubstances）解析：解析 substance为可数名词，结合之前的most substances和all可知，此处应用复数形式substances。填空项1:_（正确答案：在it前加so）解析：解析 原文的“个体对营养的需求相差很大”和“不能确切地说某个假定的量过多”之间应该是因果关系，因此应该用so连接。填空项1:_（正确答案：into）解析：解析 用于连接对象health

38、y individuals的介词应该是to，而非in。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉account之前的the）解析：解析 take.into account为固定搭配，意为“把考虑在内”。填空项1:_（正确答案：amountsamount）解析：解析 amount在表示“数量”时通常为不可数名词，因此将amounts改为amount。填空项1:_（正确答案：去掉that）解析：解析 分析句子结构可知，know的宾语从句由what引导，very specifically在句中作状语修饰know，所以that在句中是多余的，因此去掉that。填空项1:_（正确答案：vitaminvitamins）

39、解析：解析 water-soluble vitamin(水溶性维生素)指代的是后面的the C and the B groups(维生素C和维生素B族)，因此vitamin应采用复数形式vitamins。Because the air in the country is really clean, we ought to livethere much as possible. Since, however, a great deal of the worlds (1) work must be done indoor in cities, it is important that we tak

40、e every (2) precaution to ventilate our houses properly. Some people havethought that night air is injurious. But careful study shows that nightair is identical with which we breath during the day. In fact the (3) proper ventilation of a bedroom is one of the first necessity for good (4) health. Sin

41、ce the exhaled air is usually warmer and lighter than theinhaled air, it rises to the top of the room. Therefore it is better toopen a window both at the top to let the warm up air out and also at (5) the bottom to admit the fresh air in. Of course, this does not mean (6) that one should sleep in a

42、strong draft. In many places it is feasible tosleep out-of-the-doors on a sleeping porch and so to secure perfect (7) ventilation.In recent years we have seen steady progress made in the developmentof equipments to supply proper conditioned air not only in large (8) auditoriums, class-rooms, and fac

43、tories, but also in railroad trainsand in private homes. This equipment cleans the air off dust, keeps (9) the temperature comfortable, holds the humidity at the right point,and keeps the air in the motion. Such a condition is conductive to (10) efficiency as well as good health.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：在much之前加as）解析：解析 原文想要表达的是“我们应该尽可能住在那里”，因此应该在much之前加上as，用as much as possible来表示“尽可能”的含义。填空项1:_（正确答案：indoorindoors）解析：解析 indoor为形容词，不能用于修饰动词done，因此应将其改为副词indoors。填空项1:_（正确答案：breathbreathe）解