专业英语八级(作文)-试卷92及答案解析.doc
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1、专业英语八级(作文)-试卷92及答案解析 (总分:10.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、WRITING(总题数:5,分数:10.00)1.PART V WRITING(分数:2.00)_2.Nowadays, over-reliance on computers and smartphones has eroded our penmanship. Worse still, it may further worsen our reading skills which are based on the recognition of Chinese characters. Read the excer
2、pt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the authors opinion; 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a
3、loss of marks. Bad Characters Some Chinese Forget How to Write Calligraphy has been a revered art form in China for centuries. Children are taught to write with brushes; endless copying of characters is a rite of passage in their schooling. Writing is a feat of memory. Mastery requires learning thou
4、sands of unique characters. Despite these ordeals, literacy rates have increased from around 20% in 1949 to over 95% now. But computers, smartphones and tablets are posing a new obstacle to progress. Penmanship is on the decline. Reading skills may follow. Pundits all over the world blame a reliance
5、 on computers for shoddy handwriting and spelling. In China the problem is particularly acute. The number of primary schoolchildren with severe reading difficulties is rising, according to a 2012 study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The authors linked poor reading scores to
6、increased use of keyboards. One reason is that learning to write is so arduous. Chinese uses ideograms, or characters, rather than an alphabet, to represent each syllable. An ideogram is a graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept, independent of any particular language, and specific words o
7、r phrases. Some ideograms are comprehensible only by familiarity with prior convention; others convey their meaning through pictorial resemblance to a physical object, and thus may also be referred to as pictograms. It normally takes six years of primary education to master the 3 ,000 or so characte
8、rs required to read a newspaper. Nowadays Chinese can use keyboards to type a word in pinyin, a Romanisation of Chinese words that reflects sounds but not appearance. They then select the right character from a list. This process does not reinforce how to write the separate strokes that make up a ch
9、aracter, and may even disrupt the process of remembering, says Wai Ting Siok of the University of Hong Kong. Ms. Siok predicts that on current trends literacy levels will begin declining within ten years. The problem is already evident. A government body helped to launch a popular television spellin
10、g show that pits middle-school students against each other to write difficult words; in one episode in July more than 50% of the adult audience incorrectly drew a two-character word meaning gossip , feiwen. Over the past century, some have campaigned to raise literacy by replacing characters with an
11、 alphabet. That remains unlikely. Homophones are so common in Chinese that many different words would be spelled the same. And China views its script as near-sacred. Abandoning its written form would be entirely out of character. Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.(分数:2.00)_3.Just like other n
12、ations in the world, China has been entering an aging era demographically. How serious is this problem and what can we do to tackle it? Read the excerpt carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the authors opinion; 2. give your comment. Marks wi
13、ll be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Aging Liu Caiping is a former teacher, now 71, who has lived alone in Xian since her husband died last year. The radio is her steadfast
14、 companion. Her eyesight is failing and she rarely goes out. Like many city residents, her former neighbors have scattered, and her two daughters are far away. When she can no longer cope on her own she will go to a nursing home, she says. That option remains extremely rare for old Chinese. And that
15、 highlights the problem: China is struggling to cope with a rapidly aging society and a rising number of elderly people living by themselves. For most of the past two millennia the family has been central to how Chinese have seen themselvesand the state has been seen as a family writ large. Filial p
16、iety was somewhere near the heart of a Confucian order regulating society, and the family was an extended, stable unit of several generations under one roof. A very common saying encapsulated it all: yang er fang lao raise children for your old age. Today multi-generation families are still the norm
17、. Almost three-fifths of people over 65 live with their children, a higher proportion than in most rich countries. Yet things are changing fast. Increasingly, parents are living apart from their childrenand when one spouse dies, as with Ms. Liu, the other often lives alone. A fifth of all single-per
18、son households in China are made up of over-65-year-olds. In contrast to younger Chinese living alone, few elderly do so by choice. Many are poorly educated. Women predominate, because they tend to outlive their husbands. China is unprepared for the consequences of solo dwelling among the elderly. G
19、overnment policy enshrines the idea that families should live together and provide for the old and others unable to look after themselves. Despite efforts to extend pensions and other social protection, provisions fall far short because the state assumes offspring will help the old and sick. The wel
20、fare system is ill-equipped to help the elderly living alone. State financial support has improved in the past decade, but many millions of elderly Chinese still have no pension or retirement income. Health insurance is increasingly widespread, but usually covers only the basics. Rural areas lag far
21、 behind cities in the provision of pensions and health care for the old. By 2025 nearly one in four Chinese will be over 60. Chinas one-child policy has made a mockery of yang er fang laofewer among the younger generation are around for the old to move in with, a trend reinforced by starting familie
22、s later. By 2050 there are likely to be just 2.5 working-age adults for every person over 65, down from eight today. Chinese born in the boondocks who migrate to far-off cities in search of work cannot easily take older family members with them even if they want to. Despite the challenges, many in C
23、hina still regard responsibility towards their family as a defining feature of their culture. Not much difference with other countries there. But the expectation of filial piety means that those who are not recipients of it often feel ashamed or isolated. Many are reluctant to seek help of neighbors
24、 when they need it, for instance. The government acknowledges the problem. When it relaxed the one-child policy, one reason it cited was a growing number of elderly singletons. Some enterprising local governments have introduced schemes aimed at the lonely old. But with a weak social-safety net, lit
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