专业英语八级（改错）-试卷175及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷175及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_What is it that made Steve Jobs special? What can we learn from this once-in-a-lifetime entrepreneur? Steve Jobs was a visionary and he ensured that he tookhis company through his vision w

2、henever he was at helm. In 1fact, during his decade long absent from Apple following his 2ouster in 1985, Apple went through some tumultuous time for 3the lack of quality leadership! One of the biggest obstacleswhich the church faces today is the lack of vision, especially 4in its leaders. Although

3、we set out with and towards a good 5vision, the church is just going to be a four-walled structure.Quite often, this results not just from lack of growth, but a 6slow, but steady stagnation. Steve Jobs thought ahead. Always. He never went out with 7the flow, and was always one or more steps ahead of

4、 the rest, 8perfectly showcased with the launches of path-breakingproduct like the iPhone, iPod, and iPad! His approach was 9people dont know what they want. We tell them and givethem that. How amazing it would be if believers have the 10same approach? We are often happy with what we have and we jus

5、t go on with our Sunday-to-Sunday routine! Do we realise the fact that people around us don t quite know that they are lost? They won t approach us(more often than not)with their needs. We need to recognise their need that they may not even know about.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空

6、项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Applications outside the Earth s atmosphere are clearly a good fit for robots. It is dangerous for humans to get to space, to be in space and to return from space. Keeping robots operating reliably in space presents some uniquechallenges to engineers. The ultra-high vacuum in s

7、pace 1prevents the use from most types of lubricants. The 2temperatures can swing wildly depending on whether therobot is in the sun light or shade. But, of course, there is 3almost no gravity. This is actually more of an opportunity than a challenge and leads to the possibility of some unique desig

8、ns. The conceptual robot has 21 independent joints. Onearth it would be possible for this robot to support its own 4weight, but in space, the design presents some unique capabilities. The robot can reach around obstacles andthrough out port holes. The robot also possesses a huge 5degree of fault tol

9、erance. It can continue to operate with excellent dexterity even after several joints fail. NASA decided to develop a $288-million Flight Telerobotics Servicer(FTS)in 1987 to help astronauts assemble the Space Station, which was growing bigger andcomplex with each redesign. Shown here is the winning

10、 6robot design by Martin Marietta, who received a $297-million contract in May 1989 to develop a vehicle by1993. About the best thing which can be said for the FTS 7project was that it generated a lot of lessons learned. Therobot never flew and never will because it was never 8completed. This projec

11、t demonstrated that fault tolerancegone wildly will doom a robot. The robot had so many 9redundant systems that there was just so much to go wrong. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Todays kindergarteners are heavier than kids brought up inthe 1970s and 1980s an

12、d appear to be on the road to become 1overweight and obese in the years to come, a new study finds. Its not just kids are already overweight getting more and more 2so, there is an entire shift. Even those who are abnormal weight 3are gaining weight, said lead study author Ashlesha Datar,serious econ

13、omist at RAND Corp. in Santa Monica, Calif. 4 Researchers analyzed data on to nearly 6,000 white, black and 5Hispanic children who participated in the Early ChildhoodLongitudinal Studya nationally representative exampleand 6had their height and weight measure over nine years, in 7kindergarten, first

14、, third, fifth and eighth grades. The study found nearly 40 percent of kindergarteners had abody mass index(BMT)in the 75th percentile or above, down 8from 25 percent in the 1970s and 1980s, when the growth chartsare developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and 9Prevention. While a BMI in t

15、he 75th percentile is still in the normal range, that child may be headed for being overweight or obese, Datar said. And if theyre already at the 75th percentile inkindergarten, they dont have far to go before they tip the 10overweight or obese category, which puts them at risk of serious health pro

16、blems as adults.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Forget expensive educational DVDs and private tutors,the secret to smart children could be so simple as giving birth 1to them two years apart. Researchers who studied thousands ofchildren found two-year gap to be o

17、ptimum in boosting brain 2power. Any shorter, and the reading and maths skills of the older child dipped. The effect was strongest between the firstand second-born, but siblings in bigger families are also 3benefited. The theory comes from Kasey Buckles, an economist whoseown children are, rather un

18、fortunately, just over two years 4apart in age. She said it is likely that the difference in academic achievement is linked to the time and resources parents can invest in a child before a young sibling arrives. 5 However, waiting for more than two years did not increase 6the advantage, the Journal

19、of Human Resources will report. Siblings with a two-year spacing include Albert Einstein and sister Maja, and Lord Attenborough and younger brotherDavid. Kasey Buckles, who lead the study told the Sunday 7Times: We believe this is the first time anyone has established a casual benefit to increase th

20、e spacing between siblings. The study also showed that gaps between children in largerfamilies was also beneficial. Buckles told the newspaper: The 8two year gap is significant because the early years are the most important in a childs development so dividing your time when the child is one is more

21、harmful than dividing it when thechild is already at school. The effect more pronounced in 9families with lower incomes, as those with less money could 10spend to compromise for lack of time.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷175答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90

22、分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：What is it that made Steve Jobs special? What can we learn from this once-in-a-lifetime entrepreneur? Steve Jobs was a visionary and he ensured that he tookhis company through his vision whenever he was at helm. In 1fact, dur

23、ing his decade long absent from Apple following his 2ouster in 1985, Apple went through some tumultuous time for 3the lack of quality leadership! One of the biggest obstacleswhich the church faces today is the lack of vision, especially 4in its leaders. Although we set out with and towards a good 5v

24、ision, the church is just going to be a four-walled structure.Quite often, this results not just from lack of growth, but a 6slow, but steady stagnation. Steve Jobs thought ahead. Always. He never went out with 7the flow, and was always one or more steps ahead of the rest, 8perfectly showcased with

25、the launches of path-breakingproduct like the iPhone, iPod, and iPad! His approach was 9people dont know what they want. We tell them and givethem that. How amazing it would be if believers have the 10same approach? We are often happy with what we have and we just go on with our Sunday-to-Sunday rou

26、tine! Do we realise the fact that people around us don t quite know that they are lost? They won t approach us(more often than not)with their needs. We need to recognise their need that they may not even know about.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：at一the）填空项1:_（正确答案：absent一absence）填空项1:_（正确答案：time一times）填空项1:_

27、（正确答案：which一that）填空项1:_（正确答案：AlthoughUnless）填空项1:_（正确答案：fromin）填空项1:_（正确答案：out去掉out）填空项1:_（正确答案：and一but）填空项1:_（正确答案：product一products）填空项1:_（正确答案：have一had）解析：解析：语法错误。本题考查的是虚拟语气，这里表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句用了would do形式，从句谓语动词应该用过去时。Applications outside the Earth s atmosphere are clearly a good fit for robots. It

28、 is dangerous for humans to get to space, to be in space and to return from space. Keeping robots operating reliably in space presents some uniquechallenges to engineers. The ultra-high vacuum in space 1prevents the use from most types of lubricants. The 2temperatures can swing wildly depending on w

29、hether therobot is in the sun light or shade. But, of course, there is 3almost no gravity. This is actually more of an opportunity than a challenge and leads to the possibility of some unique designs. The conceptual robot has 21 independent joints. Onearth it would be possible for this robot to supp

30、ort its own 4weight, but in space, the design presents some unique capabilities. The robot can reach around obstacles andthrough out port holes. The robot also possesses a huge 5degree of fault tolerance. It can continue to operate with excellent dexterity even after several joints fail. NASA decide

31、d to develop a $288-million Flight Telerobotics Servicer(FTS)in 1987 to help astronauts assemble the Space Station, which was growing bigger andcomplex with each redesign. Shown here is the winning 6robot design by Martin Marietta, who received a $297-million contract in May 1989 to develop a vehicl

32、e by1993. About the best thing which can be said for the FTS 7project was that it generated a lot of lessons learned. Therobot never flew and never will because it was never 8completed. This project demonstrated that fault tolerancegone wildly will doom a robot. The robot had so many 9redundant syst

33、ems that there was just so much to go wrong. 10（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：tofor）填空项1:_（正确答案：from一of）填空项1:_（正确答案：ButAndBesides）填空项1:_（正确答案：possible一impossible）填空项1:_（正确答案：out去掉out）填空项1:_（正确答案：complexmore）填空项1:_（正确答案：which一that）填空项1:_（正确答案：will一fly）填空项1:_（正确答案：wildly一wild）填空项1:_（正确答案：so一too）解析：解析：词汇错误。由so

34、many redundant systems可知此处应该是说不容易出错，用tooto结构表示“太以致不能”，so应该改成tooTodays kindergarteners are heavier than kids brought up inthe 1970s and 1980s and appear to be on the road to become 1overweight and obese in the years to come, a new study finds. Its not just kids are already overweight getting more and

35、 more 2so, there is an entire shift. Even those who are abnormal weight 3are gaining weight, said lead study author Ashlesha Datar,serious economist at RAND Corp. in Santa Monica, Calif. 4 Researchers analyzed data on to nearly 6,000 white, black and 5Hispanic children who participated in the Early

36、ChildhoodLongitudinal Studya nationally representative exampleand 6had their height and weight measure over nine years, in 7kindergarten, first, third, fifth and eighth grades. The study found nearly 40 percent of kindergarteners had abody mass index(BMT)in the 75th percentile or above, down 8from 2

37、5 percent in the 1970s and 1980s, when the growth chartsare developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and 9Prevention. While a BMI in the 75th percentile is still in the normal range, that child may be headed for being overweight or obese, Datar said. And if theyre already at the 75th percen

38、tile inkindergarten, they dont have far to go before they tip the 10overweight or obese category, which puts them at risk of serious health problems as adults.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：become一becoming）填空项1:_（正确答案：are一who）填空项1:_（正确答案：abnormal一normal）填空项1:_（正确答案：serious一senior）填空项1:_（正确答案：to去掉to）填空项1:_（正确

39、答案：example一sample）填空项1:_（正确答案：measure一measured）填空项1:_（正确答案：down一up）填空项1:_（正确答案：are一were）填空项1:_（正确答案：tip一into）解析：解析：词汇错误。tip在这里作动词，根据下文的category(体重等级)可推断此处动词有“加入”之义，tip只有作不及物动词时才有该义，与into搭配，原义表示“把倒人容器”，故应加into。Forget expensive educational DVDs and private tutors,the secret to smart children could be

40、so simple as giving birth 1to them two years apart. Researchers who studied thousands ofchildren found two-year gap to be optimum in boosting brain 2power. Any shorter, and the reading and maths skills of the older child dipped. The effect was strongest between the firstand second-born, but siblings

41、 in bigger families are also 3benefited. The theory comes from Kasey Buckles, an economist whoseown children are, rather unfortunately, just over two years 4apart in age. She said it is likely that the difference in academic achievement is linked to the time and resources parents can invest in a chi

42、ld before a young sibling arrives. 5 However, waiting for more than two years did not increase 6the advantage, the Journal of Human Resources will report. Siblings with a two-year spacing include Albert Einstein and sister Maja, and Lord Attenborough and younger brotherDavid. Kasey Buckles, who lead

43、 the study told the Sunday 7Times: We believe this is the first time anyone has established a casual benefit to increase the spacing between siblings. The study also showed that gaps between children in largerfamilies was also beneficial. Buckles told the newspaper: The 8two year gap is significant

44、because the early years are the most important in a childs development so dividing your time when the child is one is more harmful than dividing it when thechild is already at school. The effect more pronounced in 9families with lower incomes, as those with less money could 10spend to compromise for lack of time.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：soas）填空项1:_（正确答案：two-yeara）填空项1:_（正确答案：are一去掉are）填空项1:_