专业八级-479及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-479 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Importance of QuestionsFor non-native speakers of English who want to participate in group discussions, it is important to he able to ask questions in order to resolve their difficuhies. . Causes of

2、 Breakdowns in (1) 1. On students part insufficient command over the (2) of English poor pronunciation 2. On teachers part uncertainty of whether his student has asked a question the student (3) to employ the correct question formthe teacher interprets the question as a comment difficuhies arise whe

3、n the student employs an/a (4) question form the teacher may not know about the (5) of the students difficuhy . Specific Questions 1. Begin questions with an/a (6) . 2. Be careful to (7) the exact point. . Another Reason for the Correct Use of (8) Politeness 1. The student uses the imperative (9) th

4、e question form when he is nervous or struggling with new subject matter. 2. The teacher may interpret it as (10) and feel angry.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to Samantha Heller, people tend to eat milk chocola

5、te because（分数：1.00）A.it is less bitter than dark chocolate.B.it is more healthy than dark chocolate.C.it has special flavor with many nutrients.D.it is less expensive than dark chocolate.(2).Samantha Heller suggests that to get benefits from chocolate, you may（分数：1.00）A.take nutrients out of chocola

6、te.B.make cocoa powder on your own.C.make hot chocolate by yourself.D.consult an expert on chocolate.(3).According to the interview, chemicals contained in green tea actually help（分数：1.00）A.refresh ones memory.B.combat some diseases.C.revive ones spirits.D.improve ones physique.(4).Ginger can be use

7、d to deal with all of the following diseases or symptoms EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.arthritis.B.morning sickness.C.nausea.D.flu.(5).According to Samantha Heller, people should eat a product from other animals（分数：1.00）A.every two days.B.every other day.C.together with fruits.D.in small amounts.四、SECTION C(总题数：

8、4，分数：5.00)1.Question 9 is based on the following news. Which of the following statements about the American Defense Department is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.It has denied the authenticity of the pictures of abused prisoners.B.It has supported the decision to stop the publication of the pictures.C.It has consid

9、ered the pictures of abused prisoners unacceptable.D.It has been worrying about the violence incited by the pictures.2.Question 10 is based on the following news. If Rene Prevals supporters exceeded 50% of the total voters in the first round, he would（分数：1.00）A.enter the second round directly.B.be t

10、he president of Haiti.C.avoid a second round runoff.D.defeat his rival in the second round.3.Question 6 is based on the following news. Frances highest court halted the final voyage of the Clemenceau because（分数：1.00）A.the French President Jacque Chirac has ordered the return of it.B.some substances

11、on board the ship may harm peoples health.C.the Clemenceau should return to France at the end of the week.D.the French President is ordering a test to discover what is on board.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. （分数：2.00）(1).The man Mr. Cheney accidentally shot and injured is（分数：1.00

12、）A.a doctor.B.a secretary.C.a lawyer.D.a leader.(2).The Bush Administration has been accused by Harry Reid of（分数：1.00）A.being covert.B.shielding Dick.C.being dishonest.D.attacking the victim.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In a forest of mixed growth somewhere on the easter

13、n spurs of the Karpathians, a man stood one winter night watching and listening, as though he waited for some beast of the woods to come within the range of his vision, and, later, of his rifle. But the game for whose presence he kept so keen an outlook was none that figured in the sportsmans calend

14、ar as lawful and proper for the chase; Ulrich yon Gradwitz patrolled the dark forest in quest of a human enemy.The forest lands of Gradwitz were of wide extent and well stocked with game; the narrow strip of precipitous woodland that lay on its outskirt was not remarkable for the game it harboured o

15、r the shooting it “afforded, but it was the most jealously guarded of all its owners territorial possessions. A famous law suit, in the days of his grandfather, had wrested it from the illegal possession of a neighbouring family of petty landowners; the dispossessed party had never acquiesced in the

16、 judgment of the Courts, and a long series of poaching affrays and similar scandals had embittered the relationships between the families for three generations. The neighbour feud had grown into a personal one since Ulrich had come to be head of his family; if there was a man in the world whom he de

17、tested and wished ill to it was Georg Znaeym, the inheritor of the quarrel and the tireless game-snatcher and raider of the disputed border-forest. The feud might, perhaps, have died down or been compromised if the personal ill-will of the two men had not stood in the way. As boys they had thirsted

18、for one anothers blood, as men each prayed that misfortune might fall on the other, and this windscourged winter night Ulrich had banded together his foresters to watch the dark forest, not in quest of fourfooted quarry, but to keep a look-out for the prowling thieves whom he suspected of being afoo

19、t from across the land boundary. The roebuck, which usually kept in the sheltered hollows during a storm-wind, were running like driven things tonight, and there was movement and unrest among the creatures that were wont to sleep through the dark hours. Assuredly there was a disturbing element in th

20、e forest, and Ulrich could guess the quarter from whence it came.The two enemies stood glaring at one another for a long silent moment. Each had a rifle in his hand, each had hate in his heart and murder uppermost in his mind. The chance had come to give full play to the passions of a lifetime. But

21、a man who has been brought up under the code of a restraining eivilisation cannot easily nerve himself to shoot down his neighbour in cold blood and without word spoken, except for an offence against his hearth and honour. And before the moment of hesitation had given way to action a deed of Natures

22、 own violence overwhelmed them both. A fierce shriek of the storm had been answered by a splitting crash over their heads, and ere they could leap aside a mass of falling beech tree had thundered down on them. Ulrich yon Gradwitz found himself stretched on the ground, one arm numb beneath him and th

23、e other held almost as helplessly in a tight tangle of forked branches, while both legs were pinned beneath the fallen mass. His heavy shooting-boots had saved his feet from being crushed to pieces, but if his fractures were not as serious as they might have been, at least it was evident that he cou

24、ld not move from his present position till some one came to release him. The descending twig had slashed the skin of his face, and he had to wink away some drops of blood from his eyelashes before he could take in a general view of the disaster. At his side, so near that under ordinary circumstances

25、 he could almost have touched him, lay Georg Znaeym, alive and struggling, but obviously as helplessly pinioned down as himself. All round them lay a thick-strewn wreckage of splintered branches and broken twigs.（分数：5.00）(1).We know from the first paragraph that Ulrich von Gradwitz（分数：1.00）A.patroll

26、ed the forest regularly.B.expected to chase a game.C.was on guard against a person.D.had a keen sense of hearing.(2).The forest lands of Gradwitz have all the following features EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.vast expanse.B.an abundance of game.C.diverse game.D.steep woodland.(3).The losing party in the law suit

27、_ the judgment of the Courts.（分数：1.00）A.reluctantly consented toB.was in defiance ofC.fought violently againstD.was indignant at(4).Ulrich suspected somebody had intruded into the woodland because（分数：1.00）A.some animals made some unusual movement.B.he was informed of the intrusion in advance.C.his f

28、oresters detected the trace of the intruder.D.there was suffocating quietness in the air.(5).The underlined phrase“pinioned downin the last paragraph can be interpreted as（分数：1.00）A.pinned down.B.let down.C.cracked down.D.lain down.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The single most shattering statistic about li

29、fe in America in the late 1990s was that tobacco killed more people than the combined total of those who died from AIDS, car accidents, alcohol, murder, suicide, illegal drugs and fire. The deaths of more than 400, 000 Americans each year, 160, 000 of them from lung cancer, make a strong case for th

30、e prohibition of tobacco, and particularly of cigarettes. The case, backed by solid evidence, has been made in every public arena since the early 1950s, when the first convincing link between smoking and cancer was established in clinical and epidemiological studiesyet 50 million Americans still go

31、on smoking. tobacco-related illness. It is a remarkable story, clearly told, astonishingly well documented and with a transparent moral motif. Most smokers in America eventually manage to quit, and local laws banning smoking in public have become common, but the industry prospers. The tobacco compan

32、ies have survived virtually everything their opponents have thrown at them. At the end of his story, Mr. Brandt writes: “The legal assault on Big Tobacco had been all but repelled. The industry was decidedly intact, ready to do business profitably at home and abroad. “Although the conclusion is not

33、to his liking, Mr. Brandts is the first full and convincing explanation of how they pulled it off. Cigarettes overcame any lingering opposition to the pleasure they gave when American soldiers came to crave them during the World War I. War, says Mr. Brandt, was “a critical watershed in establishing

34、the cigarette as a dominant product in modern consumer culture. “ Cigarettes were sexy, and the companies poured money into advertising. By 1950 Americans smoked 350 billion cigarettes a year and the industry accounted for 3.5% of consumer spending on non-durables. The first 50 years of the“cigarett

35、e century“were a golden era for Big Tobacco. That was simply because, until the 1940s, not enough men had been smoking for long enough to develop fatal cancers (women did not reach this threshold until the 1970s). The first clinical and epidemiological studies linking eigarette-smoking and lung canc

36、er were published only in 1950. By 1953 the six leading companies had agreed that a collective response was required. They paid handsomely for a public-relations campaign that insistently denied any proof of a causal connection between smoking and cancer. This worked well until 1964, when a devastat

37、ing report from the surgeon-generals advisory committee in effect ended medical uncertainty about the harmfulness of smoking. But Big Tobacco rode the punches. When the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ruled that health warnings must appear on each pack, the industry, consented. But it shrewdly exploi

38、ted the warning: “In a culture that emphasised individual responsibility, smokers would bear the blame for willful risk-taking,“ notes Mr. Brandt. Many cases for damages against the companies foundered on that rock. Cigarette-makers also marshaled their numerous allies in Congress to help the passag

39、e of a law that bypassed federal agencies such as the FTC, and made Congress itself solely responsible for tobacco regulation. Describing the pervasive influence of tobacco lobbyists, he says: “Legislation from Congress testified to the masterful preparation and strategic command of the tobacco indu

40、stry. “ However, the industry was powerless to prevent a flood of damaging internal documents, leaked by insiders. The companies were shown, for instance, to have cynically disregarded evidence from their in-house researchers about the addictive properties of nicotine. Internal papers also showed th

41、at extra nicotine was added to cigarettes to guarantee smokers sufficient“ satisfaction“. Despite such public-relations disasters, the industry continued to win judgments, most significantly when the Supreme Court rejected by five votes to four a potentially calamitous attack that would have given t

42、he Federal Drug Administration the power to regulate tobacco products. The industrys shrewdest move was to defuse a barrage of eases brought by individual states, aiming to reclaim the cost of treating sick smokers. The states in 1998 accepted a settlement of $246 billion over 25 years (the price of

43、 a pack rose by 45 cents shortly afterwards). In return, the states agreed to end all claims against the companies. But the settlement tied the state governments to tobaccos purse-strings; they now had an interest in the industrys success. For those who thought the settlement was akin to“ dancing wi

44、th the devil“, it appeared in retrospect that the devil had indeed had the best tunes, reports Mr. Brandt. To his credit, he manages to keep his historians hat squarely on his head. But you can feel the anguish.（分数：5.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that（分数：1.00）A.Allan Brandt

45、 is a writer of great talent for writing.B.the tobacco industry was just out of a heavy fine.C.most of the Americans died from lung cancer.D.the book on a history of the cigarette is unintelligible.(2).To protect the industry, the tobacco companies did all the following EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.circumventin

46、g supervision.B.actualizing public relations.C.playing on words.D.lobbying a bill.(3).The phrase“rode the punches“in Paragraph 6 can be interpreted as（分数：1.00）A.collapsed under the impact of the blow.B.coped with and survived adversity.C.took no notice of the current situation.D.persisted in its old

47、 ways.(4).According to the author, Allan Brandts attitude towards the cigarette reflected in his book is one of（分数：1.00）A.absolute objectivity.B.slight disapproval.C.strong disapproval.D.total indifference.(5).Which of the following might be the most appropriate title for the text?（分数：1.00）A.Tobacco

48、B.Tobacco CompaniesC.An Evil WeedD.A History. of the Cigarette八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Judging from tales about the rise and fall of empires, there is always a point when things are going so well that the emperors doubt that anything could ever go wrong. “Thrift,“ warned Neros adviser Seneca, “comes t

49、oo late when you find it at the bottom of your purse. “ In the Old World, nations grew fat and then lazy, until they collapsed under their own weight. But that was not to be our story. American greatnessthe vision of the founders, the courage of the pioneers, the industry of the nation buildersreflected a mighty faith in the power of sacrifice as a muscle that made young nations st