专业八级-379及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-379 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to co

2、mplete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (ar

3、e) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and

4、semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.In the United States, charter schools provide alternatives to “regular“ public schools. Unlike most public schools, charters dont usually have an enrollment boundary and can recruit students from a larger geographic area. Features of charter schoo

5、ls1) admission processno discriminationa random of method like a U U 1 /U /U2) many different shapesto cater to U U 2 /U /Uto offer a thematic or specialized curriculumto provide an alternative to regular public school3) locationmore likely to be found in U U 3 /U /Uareas4) managementrun by large an

6、d small companies, parents, teachers, community groups and nonprofit organizations5) sizemost charter schools are new and U U 4 /U /U6) academic resultsCharter schools dont necessarily produce better academic results than regular public schools. Funding of charter schools1) mostly from the state, ge

7、nerally based on their U U 5 /U /U2) also from grants and additional donations for ambitious programs not fully funded y state/district formulas3) also a limited amount of U U 6 /U /Uto help start new charter schools4) Funding for facilities can be a U U 7 /U /Ufor charter schools. Monitoring of cha

8、rter schools1) authorizersU U 8 /U /Uthat grant schools their charter, and monitor their performanceincluding charter boards, school, boards and U U 9 /U /U2) key reasons schools closeThey cant recruit enough students.They cant find a stable space to operate.They cant manage their U U 10 /U /U. （分数：

9、10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B INTERVIEW(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you w

10、ill be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. （分数：5.00）(1).What did Mrs. Braces attitude towards suffragette movement use to be? A. Supportive. B. Contradictory. C. Neutral. D. Ambiguous.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What did Mrs. Bruce think of the suff

11、ragettes efforts? A. They were useless. B. They were ridiculous. C. They were good in a lot of ways. D. They were somewhat limited.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements about the suffragette movement is TRUE according to Mrs. Bruce? A. There would be much difference without the move

12、ment. B. The movement should be more peaceful. C. The movement actually did nothing good. D. The movement brought something harmful in the long term.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following about marching in the suffragette movement days is NOT true? A. The marching was violent. B. Nobody interfe

13、red. C. There were a few boos. D. There was a lot of clapping.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does Mrs. Bruce think about politics? A. She thinks women shouldnt enter politics. B. She thinks beating men at politics is great. C. She thinks women sometimes can be better at politics than men. D. She thinks p

14、olitics is mens job.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C NEWS BROAD(总题数：2，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.（分数：2.00）(1).Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds t

15、o answer the question. Now listen to the news. To ease restrictions imposed on Palestinians living in the West Bank, Israel plans to _. A. remove road blocks B. allow more Palestinians to travel to Israel C. remove trade barriers D. provide food for Palestinian refugees语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Quest

16、ion 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. Which of the following statements about the massive wild fire is NOT true? A. It lasted for 5 days. B. It was fueled by the Santa Ana winds. C. It caused 4

17、firefighters to be badly wounded. D. It caused the loss of 34 houses.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 8 to 9 are based on the following news. At the end of“ the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. （分数：3.00）(1).According to the news, we can know that

18、 _. A. Obama is the first president to change health care system B. the U.S. is the only country where millions of people cant get health care C. health insurance in America is very expensive for the civilians D. Americans dont need health insurance to get treatment（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Many American

19、s were against Obamas plan about changing the American health care system because _. A. its hard to make health-care cheaper B. its too expensive for the government C. its impractical at the very moment D. its bad for the insurance industry（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Question 10 is based on the following n

20、ews. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. Why did the shares in European banks fall sharply? A. Because European share indices fell around 3%. B. Because euro slid against other currencies. C. Because Europes debt problems got wors

21、e. D. Because the European Central Bank is about to end a program of support for banks.语音下载（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPART READING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or Udespond

22、ent/U? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of

23、 evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions

24、 in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what em

25、otions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed fa

26、miliar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotio

27、ns were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patt

28、erns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial- feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles (“feedback“

29、) are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a persons facial expression can influence that persons emotional state. Consider Darwins words: “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs soft

30、ens our emotions.“ Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more pos

31、itive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity o

32、r preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neur

33、otransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by “crows feet“ wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cov

34、er fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekmans observation may be relevant to the British expression “keep a stiff upper lip“ as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a “stiff“ lip suppresses emotional responseas l

35、ong as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.（分数：5.00）(1).The word “despondent“ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _. A. cu

36、rious B. sad C. elated D. skeptical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements would Darwin NOT agree with? A. Facial expressions can only reflect emotional states. B. Facial expressions may help people survive. C. Baring the teeth means the same to people all over the world. D. Human emo

37、tions that were not expressed would become less intensive.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Paragraph 2, the Fore people _. A. knew little about Western culture B. showed distinctive facial expressions C. were famous for their solitude D. had never been taken photographs of before（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4

38、).According to the facial-feedback hypothesis, _. A. there is no link between emotions and facial expressions B. peoples facial expressions can only reflect their emotional states C. peoples emotional states cannot be influenced by their facial expressions D. the causal link between emotions and fac

39、ial expressions is bidirectional（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Ekman has found that _. A. people might have different expressions for the same emotion B. pleasant feelings often stimulate Duchenne smile C. “crows feet“ wrinkles often accompanied the Duchenne smile D. keeping a stiff upper lip was useful for h

40、andling stress（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Jan Hendrik Schons success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papersone every 16 days, which astonished his colleagues, and made them suspici

41、ous. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate paperswhich also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Naturethe jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabri

42、cated data. His career as a scientist was finished.If it sounds a lot like the fall of Hwang Woo Sukthe South Korean researcher who fabricated his evidence about cloning human cellsit is. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of hubris and comeuppan

43、ce. Afterwards, colleagues wring their hands and wonder how such malfeasance can be avoided in the future. But it never is entirely. Science is built on the honor system; the method of peer- review, in which manuscripts are evaluated by experts in the field, is not meant to catch cheats. In recent y

44、ears, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much more crucial to career success. The questions raised anew by Hwangs fall are whether Nature and Science have become too powerful as arbiters of what science reaches the public, and whet

45、her the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers.Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters; cell biologists have Cell; neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journals that cover the gamut

46、of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look to the journals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care? Competition for grants has go

47、tten so fierce that scientists have sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win the accolades of academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative, but Science and Nature come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper writte

48、n up in The New York Times and other publications.Scientists are also trying to reach other scientists through Science and Nature, not just the public. Scientists tend to pay more attention to the Big Two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particular paper, theyre more apt to cite it in their own pape