专业八级-304及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-304 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens itespecially in Americathe sor

2、t of nasty headlines that 1 inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Leave, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, 2 and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the bo

3、ss“s agenda in businesses with every variety. 3 Several massive leakages of customer and employer data this 4 yearfrom organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeleyhave left managers hu

4、rriedly peer into their intricate IT systems and business processes in 5 the search of potential vulnerabilities. 6 “Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as many 7 as any other asset,“ says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University“s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is

5、 the key to market value, what the board is responsible for on behalf of 8 shareholders“. Indeed, just like there is the concept of Generally 9 Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York“s Columbia Busines

6、s School. “Setting up the proper 10 investment level for security, redundancy and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,“ he says.（分数：25.00）Wholly aside from aesthetic and moral considerations, fashion is an economic absurdity, and there is little to be said in its favor. Nevertheless,

7、 we can appreciate the wisdom in Gina Lombroso“s belief the enormous stress which women lay on everything pertaining 11 with clothes and the art of personal adornment is connected with the 12 tendency to crystallize sentiment into an object. Woman symbolizes every important event in her life by a sp

8、ecial dress; and a jewel or a beautiful gown means to a woman that an official decoration means to 13 a man. The temptation of dress is the last step in the ceremony to the novice 14 has to submit before entering the cloister. The memory of the gown which she might have worn was the strongest tempta

9、tion that assailed St. Catherine before she took her solemn vowsa gown, embroidering 15 with gold and stars, like that her sisters had worn, which her 16 grandchildren would have gazed with eyes filled with wonder and 17 admiration. If a woman“s clothes cost the family and society a little time, mon

10、ey and activity, they allow woman, independent in lies and 18 calumnies, to triumph and come to the tore outside of man“s world and competition. They allow woman to satisfy with her desire to be 19 the first in the most varied fields by giving her the illusion that she is the first, and at the same

11、time enable her rival to have the same 20 illusion. Clothes absorb some of woman“s activity which might otherwise be diverted to more or less worth-while ends; they give woman real satisfaction.（分数：25.00）Predicating the future is a risky business for a scientist. It is safe to say, that the global A

12、IDS epidemic will get much worse before it gets any better. Sadly, this modern plague will be with us for several generations, despite of major scientific advances. 21 As of January 2000, the AIDS epidemic had claimed 15 million lives and left 40 million people leaving with a viral infection 22 that

13、 slowly but relentlessly erodes the immune system. Accounting of more than 3 million deaths in the past year alone, the AIDS virus 23 has become the deadly microbe in the world. In Africa nearly a 24 dozen countries have a rate higher than 10%, including four southern African nations which a quarter

14、 of the people are infected. 25 This is like condemning 16,000 people each day to a slow and miserable death. Unfortunately, the AIDS story has not been all gloom and 26 doom. Less than two years after AIDS was recognized, the guilty agenthuman immunodeficiency virus, or HIVidentified. We 27 now kno

15、w more about HIV than about any other virus, but 14 AIDS 28 drugs have been developed and licensed in the U. S. and western Europe. The epidemic continues to rage, however, in south America, Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. By the year 2025, AIDS will have been by far the major killer of young

16、 Africans, decreasing life expectant to as low as 40 years in some countries and single- 29 handedly erasing the public health gains of the past 50 years. It is Asia, with its huge population at risk, where will have the 30 biggest impact on the global spread of AIDS. The magnitude of the incidence

17、could range from 100 million to 1 billion, depending largely on what happens in India and China.（分数：25.00）Here in the United States, before agricultural activities destroyed the natural balance, there were great migrations of Rocky Mountain locusts (蝗虫). Great migrating hordes of these insects once

18、darken the skies on the plains east of the Rockies where crops 31 were often destroyed; the worst years were those between 1874 to 32 1877. One of these migrating swarms was estimated to contain 1.24 billion locusts. During the another migration in Nebraska it was 33 estimated that the swarm of locu

19、sts averaged half a mile high and was 100 miles wide and 300 miles long. Usually, these swarms take up from the ground against the wind, but, once airborne, they turn 34 and fly with it. Warm convection currents (对流) help to lift them, often at great heights. During the great locust plagues the situ

20、ation 35 in Nebraska became so serious that the original state constitution had to be rewritten to take care the economic problems. The new 36 document was known as “The Grasshopper Constitution“. It is now believed that these locusts were a migratory form or phase of the lesser migratory locust, th

21、at is still common there. In this respect, 37 the North American migratory locusts resemble their African relatives. In both regions the migratory forms rise as a result of 38 crowding and climatic factors. Migratory forms are apparently natural adaptations which bring about dispersal when locust po

22、pulations become too crowded. Unfortunately for our farmers, the 39 migratory form no longer seems to occur regularly, although there was a serious outbreak as late as 1938 in midwestern United States and Canada. Actually, there is no reason why the destructive migratory form might not again appear

23、if circumstances become 40 favorable.（分数：25.00）专业八级-304 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new pr

24、oblem threatens itespecially in Americathe sort of nasty headlines that 1 inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Leave, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, 2 and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel

25、, information protection is now high on the boss“s agenda in businesses with every variety. 3 Several massive leakages of customer and employer data this 4 yearfrom organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the Universit

26、y of California, Berkeleyhave left managers hurriedly peer into their intricate IT systems and business processes in 5 the search of potential vulnerabilities. 6 “Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as many 7 as any other asset,“ says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University“s business

27、school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, what the board is responsible for on behalf of 8 shareholders“. Indeed, just like there is the concept of Generally 9 Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, sug

28、gested Eli Noam of New York“s Columbia Business School. “Setting up the proper 10 investment level for security, redundancy and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,“ he says.（分数：25.00）解析：itthem解析 代词误用。threatens 后面的宾语应该是 bosses and boards，是复数概念，因此应该使用代词 them。解析：LeaveLeft解析 动词形式错误。本句主语

29、是。information protection，它和 leave之间是动宾关系，因此应该用过去分词 left修饰表被动，和后面的 seen相对应。这句话的意思是“信息保护工作一直留给临时的、低层次的信息技术人员承担，并且只被看成是信息资源丰富的产业所涉及的一个问题。”解析：withof解析 介词误用。of every variety 是一种固定表达，相当于形容词 various，修饰前面的 businesses。解析：employeremployee解析 语义错误。此处要表达的意思是“员工”，而不是“雇主”，整句话的意思是“今年，消费者和员工信息的几次重大泄密事件使得管理人员匆忙检查其复杂的

30、信息系统和商业程序，以便查找潜在的缺陷。”解析：peerpeering解析 动词形式错误。此处 leave sb. doing sth.的意思是“留下某人做某事，让某人一直处于某种状态”，所以应该用 peer。的现在分词形式。peer into 意为“仔细看，检查”。解析：the the 解析 固定搭配中的冠词冗余。in search of 是固定搭配，意思是“寻找，寻求”，故去掉冠词 the。解析：manymuch解析 副词误用。这里的 as much as是修饰保护的程度，这句话的意思是“信息正在成为一种像其他财产一样需要被保护的财产。”解析：whatwhich解析 关系代词误用。此处是定

31、语从句，先行词为 market value，这句话的意思是“保护消费者信息的能力是获得市场价值的关键，这是董事会代表股东利益所要承担的责任。”关系代词用 which，作 responsible for的宾语。解析：likeas解析 近义词误用。as 和 like都有“正如，好像”的意思，但 as可以作连词，引导句子，而 like只能作介词，不能用来引导句子，所以此处用 as，意思是“正如存在公认的会计原则一样，现在可能是采取公认的安全措施的时候了。”解析：up up 解析 介词冗余。set up 是固定搭配，意思是“建立，成立”，通常指成立某组织、机构，而此处意思是“设定，确定”，用 set即

32、可。这句话的意思是“为信息的安全、备份以及恢复设定适当的投资水平是一个管理问题而不是技术问题。”Wholly aside from aesthetic and moral considerations, fashion is an economic absurdity, and there is little to be said in its favor. Nevertheless, we can appreciate the wisdom in Gina Lombroso“s belief the enormous stress which women lay on everything

33、pertaining 11 with clothes and the art of personal adornment is connected with the 12 tendency to crystallize sentiment into an object. Woman symbolizes every important event in her life by a special dress; and a jewel or a beautiful gown means to a woman that an official decoration means to 13 a ma

34、n. The temptation of dress is the last step in the ceremony to the novice 14 has to submit before entering the cloister. The memory of the gown which she might have worn was the strongest temptation that assailed St. Catherine before she took her solemn vowsa gown, embroidering 15 with gold and star

35、s, like that her sisters had worn, which her 16 grandchildren would have gazed with eyes filled with wonder and 17 admiration. If a woman“s clothes cost the family and society a little time, money and activity, they allow woman, independent in lies and 18 calumnies, to triumph and come to the tore o

36、utside of man“s world and competition. They allow woman to satisfy with her desire to be 19 the first in the most varied fields by giving her the illusion that she is the first, and at the same time enable her rival to have the same 20 illusion. Clothes absorb some of woman“s activity which might ot

37、herwise be diverted to more or less worth-while ends; they give woman real satisfaction.（分数：25.00）解析：beliefthat解析 从句引导词缺失。belief 后面是一个同位语从句，需使用引导词 that，而且不能省略。从句中的主干为 the stress is connected with the tendency。解析：withto解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。pertain to 是固定搭配，表示“和相关”，不能使用 with。解析：thatwhat解析 关系代词误用。固定句型 A is to

38、 B what C is to D表示“A 对 B而言正如 C对 D一样”，故将 that改为 what。本句的含义是“女人通常用一件特别的服装象征她生活中的每一个重要的事件；而且珠宝或美丽的睡衣对于一个女人的意义就如同正式的装饰对于一个男人的意义一样。”解析：towhich解析 关系代词缺失。该处需要定语从句修饰先行词 step，作 submit to“屈服，妥协”的宾语，介词 to提前，因此只能用 which，the novice 是定语从句的主语。本句意为“在正式进入修道院前的仪式上，见习女修士们必须遵从最后一步，那就是：放弃衣服的诱惑。”解析：embroideringembroider

39、ed解析 非谓语动词误用。这里的 embroider与 gown是动宾关系，因此应该使用其过去分词表被动，意思为“被绣上金线和星星的礼服”。解析：thatthose解析 代词误用。her sisters had worn 是省略了 that的定语从句，修饰 gown，但是从句的主语 sisters是复数，姐妹们不可能穿一件 gown，因此代词需要使用复数 those指代 gowns。解析：gazedat解析 介词缺失。gaze 是不及物动词，其宾语是 which，指代 gown，因此需要加介词 at。解析：inof解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。independent of 是固定搭配，表示“不依

40、赖，独立于”，不能使用 in。解析：with with 解析 介词冗余。satisfy 可作及物动词，表示“满足，使相信”，后可直接跟宾语，不需要加介词，故删去 with。解析：enableenabling 解析 动词形式错误。此处 enable与 giving并列，同为介词 by的宾语，应该把 enable改成 enabling。Predicating the future is a risky business for a scientist. It is safe to say, that the global AIDS epidemic will get much worse befo

41、re it gets any better. Sadly, this modern plague will be with us for several generations, despite of major scientific advances. 21 As of January 2000, the AIDS epidemic had claimed 15 million lives and left 40 million people leaving with a viral infection 22 that slowly but relentlessly erodes the i

42、mmune system. Accounting of more than 3 million deaths in the past year alone, the AIDS virus 23 has become the deadly microbe in the world. In Africa nearly a 24 dozen countries have a rate higher than 10%, including four southern African nations which a quarter of the people are infected. 25 This

43、is like condemning 16,000 people each day to a slow and miserable death. Unfortunately, the AIDS story has not been all gloom and 26 doom. Less than two years after AIDS was recognized, the guilty agenthuman immunodeficiency virus, or HIVidentified. We 27 now know more about HIV than about any other

44、 virus, but 14 AIDS 28 drugs have been developed and licensed in the U. S. and western Europe. The epidemic continues to rage, however, in south America, Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. By the year 2025, AIDS will have been by far the major killer of young Africans, decreasing life expectant

45、to as low as 40 years in some countries and single- 29 handedly erasing the public health gains of the past 50 years. It is Asia, with its huge population at risk, where will have the 30 biggest impact on the global spread of AIDS. The magnitude of the incidence could range from 100 million to 1 bil

46、lion, depending largely on what happens in India and China.（分数：25.00）解析：of of 解析 介词冗余。despite 是介词，可以直接跟宾语，因此删掉后面的 of。解析：leavingliving解析 形近词误用。leaving 的原形是 leave，意为“留下”，用在此处句意不通。此处应使用表示“生活”的动词 live的现在分词形式 living，意为“携带着病毒性感染生活”。解析：offor解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。account for 为固定搭配，意为“对负有责任，说明的原因”，表示“构成决定性的或主要的因素”，如

47、：Bad weather accounted for the long delay“长期的延缓是因为坏天气。”解析：deadlydeadliest解析 形容词最高级错误。由上文描述的艾滋病引发的死亡数可知，本句意思是“艾滋病病毒已经成为世界上最致命的微生物”，应该使用最高级形式。解析：whichwhere 或whichin解析 定语从句关系词误用。a quarter of the people are infected是定语从句，结构完整，由此推断先行词 southern African nations在句中作地点状语，因此应该使用 where或 in which。解析：Unfortunate

48、lyFortunately解析 语义错误。上段说艾滋病很可怕，本段说艾滋病也不是完全没有治疗的希望，因此应该是“幸运的是”。本句中的 gloom and doom表示“前景黯淡无望”。解析：identifiedwas解析 语态错误。本句主语是 the guilty agent，谓语是 identified，二者构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应该使用被动语态。解析：butand解析 连词误用。上句说“我们对人类免疫缺陷病毒的了解比对其他病毒的了解要多”，下句说“在美国和西欧已经研制并审批了 14种治疗艾滋病的药物”。二者构成递进关系，应使用 and。解析：expectantexpectancy解析 形近

49、词误用。life expectancy 表示“平均寿命”，而 expectant作名词时表示“期盼者”。解析：wherethat解析 强调句型错误。这里是强调句型，强调的成分是句子的主语 Asia，而不是状语，所以应该使用 that。with its huge population at risk 为插入语，分析句子结构时可忽略。Here in the United States, before agricultural activities destroyed the natural balance, there were great migrations of Rocky Mountain locusts (蝗虫). Great migrating hordes of these insects once darken the skies on the plains east of the Rockies where crops 31 were often destroyed; the worst years were those betw