专业八级-301及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-301 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Some try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enforcement is represented by a computer-driven camera that has immortalized your violation in film, it is

2、hard to talk your way out of 1 a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doing last week that a superior court judge rules 2 that pictures taken by the so-called red-light cameras were unreliable and therefore unacceptable. The first U. S. court decision t

3、o reject all the traffic violations catching on camera, the ruling by judge Ronald Styn has fueled 3 debate over the growing use of the devices. Police departments swear, and studies indicate, that the robot cameras deter people in 4 speeding and running red lights. Yet at least seven states have bl

4、ocked proposals to implement them, but opponents ranging from 5 House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties Unionargues that the cameras violate privacy and place profit 6 above public safety. Part of the problem is that virtually all the devices in the place 7 are operated by p

5、rivate firms that handle everything from installing the machinery to identifying violationsoften with maximal police 8 oversightand have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The companies get paid as many as $70 a ticket, and the total 9 revenue is hardly chump change. “It“s all abou

6、t money,“ says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer, Washington“s executive assistant chief of police. “We have reduced fatalities. If some company is making money that, that is 10 American way.“（分数：25.00）The aim of a job interview is to establish whether you are l

7、ikely to do well in a particular job in a specific organization. This is not only a matter of having the necessary technological knowledge and 11 skills. You must also have the motivation, the ability to adapt to new ways of working and a new work environment, and the 12 personality to do the job an

8、d fit into a new team. But there are other personal skills affect your success in a job. These include getting on 13 with people, oral or written communication, team working, problem 14 solving and good time management. Most people think that interviewers know what they are looking for and will reco

9、gnize when they see it. However, people are 15 actually not very good at assessing one and another. This applies to 16 recruiters as much as anyone else. In fact, a former head of selection at one big firm used to say that “some interviewers are so poor that they would do better to rely on chances“.

10、 In companies which recognize this, various methods are used to try to find the correct person. The most common is the structured 17 interview. Research has shown that this approach is more reliable than the ordinary job interview, even no as effective as using tests or 18 assessment centers. In a s

11、tructured interview the interviewer groups the qualities listing in the job specification under various headings. 19 There are two well-established structures for this: the National Institute of Industrial Psychology“s Seven-Point Plan and the Five- Fold Grading System. The interviewers score candid

12、ates for how well 20 they fit the job specification.（分数：25.00）The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on these who continue to 21 treat our environment with reckless ab

13、andon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion has been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long 22 delaysnot only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it. It seems which only when government dec

14、ides that it can afford 23 tax incentives or production sacrifices there any initiative for 24 change. Where is industry and our recognition that protecting 25 mankind“s great treasure is the single most important responsibility? As there will be time for environmental health professionals to come 2

15、6 to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, the public is demanding we took 27 positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental

16、activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote to behavioral change. 28 However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, whom must lead the change. 29 We must recognize that envir

17、onmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues in every perspective to make the objective decisions. 30 We must express our views clearly to prevent media disto

18、rtion and public confusion.（分数：25.00）With the effects of globalization, increases in technology and the pace of life invade more and more areas of everyday life, and free-time has become an increasing precious and important resource. 31 For those pursuing leisure lifestyles deriving from consuming t

19、he 32 “riches“ of the leisure market and for those who are experiencing a shortage of free timea “time squeeze“ leisure may offer many benefits but also some costs. For the growing number of people looking forward to abundance free time in retirement and for the 33 increasing number of young people

20、who are experiencing reduced activity levels, and problems of overweight and reduced fitness, leisure has never been vital for ensuring individual and social health 34 and well-being. At the macro level, the social, cultural, environmental health and economic significance of leisure and events have

21、been increased 35 in New Zealand and around the world. Leisure and events and areas that address these phenomenon, including play, recreation, the 36 arts, sport, festivals, celebrations, health and fitness, outdoor recreation, parks, entertainment and tourism, are important aspects of modern life a

22、nd providing for these are an increasingly significant 37 feature in modern economies. They can play a vital part in enhancing social capital and quality of lives. 38 This research theme has been established to farther knowledge 39 and understanding of the ways of leisure and events, and their assoc

23、iated forms, contributing to individual and social health and well-being, quality of life and social, cultural, environmental and economic development. Better knowledge of these broad phenomena will inform policies to maximize the benefits and minimize the costs associated to the production and cons

24、umption of leisure and events. 40 （分数：25.00）专业八级-301 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Some try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enforcement is represented by a computer-driven camera that has

25、immortalized your violation in film, it is hard to talk your way out of 1 a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doing last week that a superior court judge rules 2 that pictures taken by the so-called red-light cameras were unreliable and therefore una

26、cceptable. The first U. S. court decision to reject all the traffic violations catching on camera, the ruling by judge Ronald Styn has fueled 3 debate over the growing use of the devices. Police departments swear, and studies indicate, that the robot cameras deter people in 4 speeding and running re

27、d lights. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposals to implement them, but opponents ranging from 5 House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties Unionargues that the cameras violate privacy and place profit 6 above public safety. Part of the problem is that virtually all t

28、he devices in the place 7 are operated by private firms that handle everything from installing the machinery to identifying violationsoften with maximal police 8 oversightand have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The companies get paid as many as $70 a ticket, and the total 9 rev

29、enue is hardly chump change. “It“s all about money,“ says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer, Washington“s executive assistant chief of police. “We have reduced fatalities. If some company is making money that, that is 10 American way.“（分数：25.00）解析：inon解析 介词误用。表示

30、“把印在胶卷上”时用介词 on。解析：thatwhen解析 从句引导词错误。这里 week后面是定语从句，引导词在从句中作时间状语，因此应该使用 when，而不能使用 that。解析：catchingcaught解析 非谓语动词误用。the traffic violations 与 catch之间是动宾关系，应该使用过去分词表被动。解析：infrom解析 固定搭配中的介词误用。deter sb. from doing sth. 表示“阻止某人做某事”，为固定表达，不能使用介词 in，本句的意思是“警察部门称，自动摄像头阻止了人们超速和闯红灯”。解析：butand解析 连词误用。上句说“至少七个

31、州已经禁止安装这些设备”，下句说“反对者争辩说摄像头触犯隐私且把利润置于公共安全之上”。由此可见，这两个句子都是在说反对者的观点，因此是并列关系，而不是转折关系。解析：arguesargue解析 主谓不一致。此句的主语是 opponents，两个破折号中间的内容都是插入语，所以谓语使用复数形式。解析：第三个 the the 解析 冠词冗余。in place 是固定搭配，表示“在适合的或通常的位置上”，无需使用定冠词 the。解析：maximalminimal解析 语义错误。此句的含义是“几乎所有的监视服务从安装到辨认交通违规行为都是由私人公司提供的。”因此可以判断，这样做会将警察的监督角色降至

32、最小，而不是最大，因此应该使用 minimal。解析：manymuch解析 形容词误用。这句话说“每给司机开出一张罚单，提供监视服务的公司便可获得多达 70美元的酬劳”，形容钱的时候应该使用 much，而不能使用修饰可数名词的 many。解析：moneyoff/from解析 介词缺失。make money off/from.意为“从中赚钱，通过来赚钱”。文章结尾处使用了讽刺手法，说“如果有任何公司从中赚钱的话，那就是美国道路”，即Terrance Gainer认为监视系统是可靠的。The aim of a job interview is to establish whether you ar

33、e likely to do well in a particular job in a specific organization. This is not only a matter of having the necessary technological knowledge and 11 skills. You must also have the motivation, the ability to adapt to new ways of working and a new work environment, and the 12 personality to do the job

34、 and fit into a new team. But there are other personal skills affect your success in a job. These include getting on 13 with people, oral or written communication, team working, problem 14 solving and good time management. Most people think that interviewers know what they are looking for and will r

35、ecognize when they see it. However, people are 15 actually not very good at assessing one and another. This applies to 16 recruiters as much as anyone else. In fact, a former head of selection at one big firm used to say that “some interviewers are so poor that they would do better to rely on chance

36、s“. In companies which recognize this, various methods are used to try to find the correct person. The most common is the structured 17 interview. Research has shown that this approach is more reliable than the ordinary job interview, even no as effective as using tests or 18 assessment centers. In

37、a structured interview the interviewer groups the qualities listing in the job specification under various headings. 19 There are two well-established structures for this: the National Institute of Industrial Psychology“s Seven-Point Plan and the Five- Fold Grading System. The interviewers score can

38、didates for how well 20 they fit the job specification.（分数：25.00）解析：technologicaltechnical解析 形近词误用。technological 表“科技的，工程的”，而technical则可指“(某工作或专业需要的)技能的”，此处指“工作必需的技能”，故应使用technical。解析：ato解析 介词缺失。句中的 a new work environment和 new ways of working并列充当adapt to的宾语，介词 to在此不能省略。解析：affectaffecting 或affectthat

39、/which解析 动词形式错误或从句引导词缺失。这句话已经有了谓语动词 are，所以动词 affect应使用现在分词 affecting作后置定语，修饰前面的 other personal skills；还可以在 affect前面加上引导词 that或者 which，以定语从句的形式修饰 other personal skills。解析：orand解析 连词误用。全方位的交际能力应该包括 oral和 written两部分，而不是其中之一，所以应使用连词 and。解析：recognizeit解析 代词缺失。宾语从句中的谓语动词 recognize为及物动词，其后应该接宾语，it 在此处指代前文中

40、的 what they are looking for。解析：and and 解析 固定搭配错误。one another 为固定搭配，意思是“互相，彼此”。解析：correctright解析 近义词误用。当 right和 correct都表示“对的，正确的，准确的”时，可以互换，但此处 right要表达的意思应该是“适宜的，合适的”，所以不可以与 correct换用。解析：nonot解析 副词误用。此处需要副词修饰 effective，no 一般修饰名词，而 not则可修饰形容词。解析：listinglisted解析 非谓语动词误用。the qualities 与 list是逻辑上的动宾关系，

41、所以这里应使用 list的过去分词形式，表示被动。同时还可以理解为 which/that are listed这样一个定语从句的省略形式。解析：foragainst解析 介词误用。score.against.是固定搭配，意思是“根据打分(评判)”。The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on t

42、hese who continue to 21 treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion has been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long 22 delaysnot only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doi

43、ng something about it. It seems which only when government decides that it can afford 23 tax incentives or production sacrifices there any initiative for 24 change. Where is industry and our recognition that protecting 25 mankind“s great treasure is the single most important responsibility? As there

44、 will be time for environmental health professionals to come 26 to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now. We are being asked, and, the public is demanding we took 27 positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health t

45、o make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote to behavioral change. 28 However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I subm

46、it, whom must lead the change. 29 We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues in every perspective to make the objective decision

47、s. 30 We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.（分数：25.00）解析：thesethose解析 定语从句先行词误用。此处的代词指代 people，而且后面有 who引导的定语从句，因此只能使用 those，these 不能作先行词。解析：hashave解析 主谓不一致。此处主语与谓语距离较远，中间含有不定式成分作主语的后置定语，主语 attempts是复数，因此谓语需要使用复数形式。解析：whichthat解析 It句型错误。这里是 It seems that固

48、定句型，意思是“似乎，看起来好像”，不能使用 which或者其他关系代词。解析：thereis解析 倒装句错误。此处 that从句后面是一个 only位于句首的条件复合句，当only位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词或情态动词提前。本句中主句部分是 there be句型，但缺少了 be动词，且 initiative为单数名词，因此 there前面应加上 is。解析：industryindustry“s解析 名词所有格误用。本句是一个含有同位语从句的问句，recognition前面的定语有两个，一个是 our，另一个则应是 industry的所有格形式 industry“s。解析：

49、Aslf解析 连词误用。从句说“如果要找一个环境健康专业人士挺身而出并带头解决环境问题的最佳时机的话”，主句说“这个时机就是现在”，可见主从句是条件关系，而不是因果关系。解析：tooktake解析 虚拟语气错误。此句中 demand表示“要求”，后面的宾语从句需要使用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词应该用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略，因此 took应改为 take。解析：to to 解析 介词冗余。promote 在此是及物动词，意为“促进，增进”，无需介词 to。解析：whomwho/that解析 强调句型错误。此处是强调句型，强调的成分是句子的主语 those of us，后面紧跟的是一个 who引导的定语从句，I submit 是插人语，之后又是一个修饰 those of us的定语从句，因此使用 who或 that，因为 whom在宾语从句中只能作宾语。解析：infrom解析 介词误用。perspective 常和 from连用，表示“从的角度”，此句意为“我们必须全面看待这个问题，以做出客观的决定。”With the effects