职称英语卫生类B级模拟79及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 B 级模拟 79 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We need to extract the relevant financial data.（分数：1.00）A.storeB.obtainC.saveD.review2.His shoes were shined to perfection.（分数：1.00）A.clearedB.polishedC.washedD.mended3.She always finds fault with everything.（分数：1.00）A.simpl

2、ifiesB.evaluatesC.criticizesD.examines4.Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.（分数：1.00）A.doubtingB.thinkingC.sayingD.knowing5.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.（分数：1.00）A.reducedB.movedC.reformedD.turned6.Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the p

3、ast year.（分数：1.00）A.heldB.increasedC.expectedD.offered7.We have to act within the existing legal framework .（分数：1.00）A.limitB.procedureC.statusD.system8.Jane said that she couldn“t tolerate the long hours.（分数：1.00）A.spendB.takeC.standD.1ast9.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of w

4、hat had happened.（分数：1.00）A.giveB.attachC.understandD.10se10.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular .（分数：1.00）A.generalB.traditionalC.strongD.magnificent11.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.（分数：1.00）A.admittedB.reportedC.hopedD.answered12.The police believe the m

5、otive for the murder was jealousy.（分数：1.00）A.choiceB.ideaC.decisionD.reason13.The high speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.（分数：1.00）A.effortB.problemC.concernD.influence14.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.（分数：1.00）A.offeredB.includedC.acceptedD.investigated15.

6、The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students takmg science courses.（分数：1.00）A.continuousB.relativeC.generalD.sharp二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Travel across AfricaFor six hours we shot through the barren (荒芜的) landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sa

7、nd and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending, Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth, a beautiful leather notebook I“d bought in a market in Mozambique. Southern Africa was ful

8、l of stories and visions. We were almost drunk on sensations. The roaring of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana. And then the other things: dogs in the streets, whole families in Soweto living in one room, a kilometer from clean water. As we drove t

9、owards the setting sun, the quietness fell over us. The road was emptywe hadn“t seen another car for hours. And as I drove, something caught my eye. Something was moving close enough to touch them, to smell their hot breath. I didn“t know how long they had been there next to us. I shouted to Dan: Lo

10、ok! He was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet. They raced the car for a few seconds, and then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape. When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened. “Wild horses?“ he said. Why didn“t you wake me up

11、, Sophia? I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds. Are you sure you didn“t dream it? You were the one who was sleeping! “Typical.“ he said. The best photos are the ones we never take. We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.（分数：7.00）(1).Daniel and Sophia drove slowly th

12、rough the busy desert.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Sophia wrote about her experiences in notebooks.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Daniel took photos of the Nile River.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Daniel and Sophia saw a lot of wonderful things.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.W

13、rongC.Not menuoned(5).While driving Daniel and Sophia saw wild horses.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The horses didn“t come near the car.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Sophia woke Daniel up so that he could take photos of the horses.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部

14、分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Health EducationHealth education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behaviour. A person“s behaviour may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with th

15、e poorly nourished (营养) child, and the butcher (屠夫，卖肉的人) who gets a cut on his finger. By changing their behaviour these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems. Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services

16、. One example of this is immunization (免疫): scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗) to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization. Health education encourages behaviour that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to r

17、ecovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education. Health education is not the same thing as health information. Correct information is cer

18、tainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behaviour such as availability (可获性) of resources, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefor

19、e uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves. Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in

20、 a healthy way. Often unhealthy behaviour is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.（分数：8.00）(1).Pa

21、ragraph 2 1. AAddressing a variety of behaviouraffecting factors BImportance of Immunization CRelationship with other health services DDon“t blame unhealthy behaviours EEncouraging unhealthy behaviour FEncouragement of behaviour good for your health（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4

22、 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）(5).Promoting healthy behaviour is the goal of 1. Amany vaccines Bprevent diseases Chealth education Dit encourages involvement and choice by the people themselvesl Echange unhealthy behaviour Fbenefit people“s health（分数：1.00）(6).Immunization helps to 1.（分数：1.0

23、0）(7).Health education encourages behaviour that 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Health education is incomplete unless 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)CT Scans and Lung CancerSmall or slow-growing nodules (小结节) discovered on a lung scan are unlikelv to develop into tumors over the next tw

24、o years, researchers reported on Wednesday. The findings reported in the New England Journal of Medicine , could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive and potentially harmful testing when lesions (损伤) foun

25、d. Lung cancer, the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally, is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone. The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths, often dis

26、covered by accident, appear in a scan. High-tech (高技术的) X-rays called CT scans can detect tumorsbut they see all sorts of other blobs (模糊的一团) that are not tumors, and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy (活检), a dangerous procedure. At the moment, routine lung cancer screeni

27、ng is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing. Good guideline could help make lung cancer screening practical, Dr. Rob van Kiaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who led the new study, said

28、 in a telephone interview. The team looked at 7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current and former smokers. All received multidetector (多层螺旋) CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking modules. Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width, or had growth of

29、 4.6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days, were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung cancer, 10 additional cases were found years later. But of the 7,361 who tested negative during screening only 20 lung

30、cancer cases later developed. In a second round of screening done one year after the first, 1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer. The result means that if the screening test says you don“t have lun

31、g cancer, you probably don“t, the researcher said. “The chances of finding lung cancer one and two years after a negative first-round test were 1 in 1,000 and 3 in 1,000 respectively,“ they concluded.（分数：15.00）(1).The new study indicates that in case of small or slow-growing lung nodules _.（分数：3.00）

32、A.you cannot be too carefulB.cancer is just matter of timeC.a biopsy is unnecessaryD.more aggressive testing is a must(2).Which is probably NOT true of lung cancer?（分数：3.00）A.Smokers are usually considered to be at high risk for it.B.It is the leading cause of cancer deaths around the world.C.159,00

33、0 new cases of it are diagnosed in the US each year.D.It often goes unnoticed until it has spread.(3).According to the passage, good guidelines for lung cancer screening _.（分数：3.00）A.are a little bit too costlyB.do not exist yetC.are being implementedD.have been developed(4).All the following statem

34、ents are true EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.a relatively small number of the volunteers had large or fast-growing nodulesB.almost all those with large or fast-growing nodules were found to have lung cancerC.all the volunteers were at high risk for lung cancerD.most of the volunteers tested negative during scr

35、eening(5).In the eyes of the researchers the percentages given in the last paragraph _.（分数：3.00）A.are somewhat inaccurateB.are pretty smallC.are rather highD.are quite unbelievable六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the PoorNanotechnotogy uses matter at the level of molec

36、ules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter. These include things like beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine. Last week,

37、speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots could be used to conf

38、irm cases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person“s blood under a microscope. In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines

39、can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule. Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also fo

40、r treating them. Piotr Grodzinski, Professor of the National Institutes of Health, talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it migh

41、t be needed, and that means lower side effects. Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also not

42、ed that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following uses of nanot

43、echnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.To make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing.B.To produce better and lighter building materials.C.To help more accurately diagnose diseases.D.To help more effectively treat diseases.(2).How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?（分数：3

44、.00）A.By traditionally looking at a person“s blood under a microscope.B.By letting a person take some kind of medicine.C.By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.D.By subjecting a person to an X-ray examination.(3).How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?（分数：3.00）A.

45、By making a drug target the focus of a disease.B.By changing the structure of the body cells.C.By lowering the side effects caused by a drug.D.By letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.(4).The following developing countries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology EXCEPT

46、 _.（分数：3.00）A.ChinaB.BrazilC.IranD.India(5).Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano-materials mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.They may cause some damage to the body cells.B.They are harmful materials themselves.C.They may store in the body.D.They may behave differently in the b

47、ody and the environment.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Smart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Research

48、ers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch. “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,“ says Claes Granqvist. He“s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sw

49、eden. “It“s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.“ So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they“re stuck indoors. Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it“s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, wh