职称英语理工类B级-52及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 B级-52 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I have no alternative but to report him to the local police.（分数：1.00）A.opinionB.meansC.choiceD.settlement2.The Little Foxes, a drama by Lillian Hellman, was first produced in New York in 1939.（分数：1.00）A.playB.novelC.musicD.dance

2、3.It was difficult to see ships in the distance because of the fog .（分数：1.00）A.sweatB.hazeC.dewD.frost4.Many tourists are attracted to the New England states by the autumn foliage .（分数：1.00）A.weathersB.festivalsC.leavesD.harvests5.It“s impolite to cut in when two person are holding a conversation.（分

3、数：1.00）A.leaveB.talkC.standD.interrupt6.Archaeologists (考古学家) have discovered remains of million-year-old animals in excavations.（分数：1.00）A.remnantsB.gravesC.recordsD.paws7.For some animals, locomotion is accomplished by changes in body shape.（分数：1.00）A.evolutionB.movementC.survivalD.escape8.Youth h

4、otels provide inexpensive lodging for young people throughout the United States and in other countries.（分数：1.00）A.clothesB.entertainmentC.transportationD.accommodation9.The ship left New York on her maiden voyage.（分数：1.00）A.firstB.finalC.fastD.famous10.National forests make money for the government

5、through the sale of trees for lumber.（分数：1.00）A.earnB.printC.tradeD.borrow11.We all think the prices of the computers will soon plunge .（分数：1.00）A.leapB.fallC.dipD.sink12.I enjoy the dish a lot. Can I have the prescription for it?（分数：1.00）A.menuB.listC.receiptD.recipe13.His life is like a myth .（分数：

6、1.00）A.an old storyB.a true storyC.a religious storyD.an untrue story14.The student is collecting material for his science report.（分数：1.00）A.dataB.fabricC.substanceD.supply15.Is English a compulsory subject in primary schools?（分数：1.00）A.necessaryB.significantC.obligatoryD.difficult二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1

7、，分数：7.00)Mobile Phones: Change Our LifeIn the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well. First, let“s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parentthe fixed-l

8、ine phone, is that a mobile phone corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it. This has several implications (含义). The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our cu

9、lture forever, is the “meeting“ influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however,

10、a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8“, but “text me around 8 and we“ll see where we all are“. Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS (Short Message Service) Text Messaging“, two British researc

11、hers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers“ and the “texters“those who prefer voice to text messages and those who prefer text messages to voice. They found that the mobile phone“s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personali

12、ty. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brough

13、t to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy“: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker“: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them? Phone meetings

14、get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude (侵入) on people“s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn“t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.（分数：7.00）(1).If you call my fixed-line phone, you always get me.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not m

15、entioned(2).When arranging a night out, people may text each other.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).As to mobile phone users there are more “talkers“ than “texters“.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Through a person“s texts, we can tell what personality he really has.（分数：1.00）A.Righ

16、tB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).When a “spacemaker“ is using a mobile phone, he tries to avoid other people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).In spite of all the problems, mobile phones still bring to us some convenience.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).This passage is from a science mag

17、azine.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Early Ideas About the Universe1. Early man got his ideas about the universe by looking at the stars as you do. He observed carefully, and learned many things about the sun, the moon, and the stars. 2. Suppose you were asked

18、to collect evidence about the sun as early man did. You might go out morning after morning and see it come up in the east. Even on cloudy mornings, you would observe that the darkness goes away and the world becomes light. You might not see the sun but would be sure it is there, because you notice t

19、hat the earth warms up. As you continued, the sun climbs higher in the sky each day during part of the year. It stays in the sky longer. The earth gets warmer. Things begin to grow. It is spring and then summer. 3. After a while the sun stays in the sky for shorter and shorter periods. Many plants b

20、egin to die. Leaves fall. Winter comes. Year after year this is repeated and you cannot tell exactly why it happens. But you realize that the sun seems to make the difference. Primitive (原始的) man felt that since the sun was so powerful it must be a god. It may seem silly to us now to worship (崇拜) a

21、sun-god, but primitive man was right about the importance of the sun to life on Earth. 4. You have been told that the world is round. But suppose no one had ever taught you that the world was like a huge ball. Would you have ever thought of it yourself? You cannot see the curve (曲线) of the earth at

22、once. You would have no idea of how big it was. That“s why early man believed that the earth was small and flat. Such ideas appeared from the evidence they had. 5. If you watch the stars night after night, you will see them rise and set. As you look at the sky, it is not difficult to imagine that yo

23、u are in the center of a vast collection of twinkling (闪烁) lights. Some early astronomers (天文学家) believed the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells, one inside the other. They believed this because that is what the night sky looked like. For many centuries, men believed that the earth

24、was the center of the universe and that the sun, the moon, and the stars circled around it.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Early ideas about the sky and the stars B. The importance of the sun to life on Earth C. Primitive knowledge of the moon D. The sun in autumn and winter E. Early ideas about the e

25、arth F. Collecting evidence about the sun（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Early man thought the earth was small and flat because 1. A. he did not observe the sun carefully enough B. he could not see its curve C. the sun, the moon and the star

26、s seemed to move around it D. the earth circles around the sun E. it looked like that at night F. it has Dower over life on Earth（分数：1.00）(6).Primitive man believed the sun was a god because 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Early man thought the earth was the center of the universe because 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Early astron

27、omers believed that the sky was a crystal shell or series of crystal shells because 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of th

28、e mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person“s mind and emotions. Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentie

29、th century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way. The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In. his famous book, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person“s wishes. He bel

30、ieved that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. The Swiss psychiatrist Car Jung was once a student of Freud“s. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a me

31、ssage to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too littl

32、e of themselves. Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person“s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream

33、 about crime. Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop. He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that th

34、e dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men“s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women“s dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modem and tr

35、aditional ones. Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on is this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn“t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean th

36、at some terrible event will actually take place. It“s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.（分数：15.00）(1).According to Sigmund Freud, dreams _.（分数：3.00）A.have no special meaningsB.contain messages from GodC.reflect people“s wishesD.have nothing to do with real life(2).

37、In Carl Jung“s opinion, who is most likely to be a hero in his dream?（分数：3.00）A.A man who falls down from a tree.B.A man who has too high an opinion of himself.C.A man who is successful in real life.D.A man who thinks too little about himself.(3).Which of the following is true?（分数：3.00）A.People shou

38、ldn“t panic if they dream something terrible.B.In the past, people didn“t believe that dreams involved emotions.C.Dreams can predict the future.D.Dreams didn“t help one to understand oneself.(4).The word “gender“ in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：3.00）A.emotionB.sexC.ageD.reality(5).We c

39、an infer from Domhoff“s study that _.（分数：3.00）A.children dream as much as adultsB.women have the same dream as menC.men often dream fightingD.you should panic when you dream something bad六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Development of American Postal SystemIn the early days of the United States, postal char

40、ges were paid by the recipient, and charges varied with the distance carried. In 1825, the United States Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail carriers for home delivery, but these carriers received no government salary and their entire compensation depended on what they were

41、paid by the recipients of individual letters. In 1847, the United States Post Office Department adopted the idea of a postage stamp, which of course simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not like to prepay. Besides, the stamp covered only delivery to the pos

42、t office and did not include carrying it to a private address. In Philadelphia, for example, with a population of 150,000, people still had to go to the post office to get their mail. The confusion and congestion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of

43、 the mail. It is no wonder that, during the years of these cumbersome arrangements, private letter-carrying and express businesses developed. Although their activities were only semi-legal, they thrived, and actually advertised that between Boston and Philadelphia they were half-day speedier than th

44、e government mail. The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to handle efficiently even the business it had. Finally, in 1863, Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a governmen

45、t salary, and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But this delivery service was at first confined to cities, and free home delivery became a mark of urbanism. In 1890, of the 75 million people in the United States, fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors. The

46、 rest, nearly three quarters of the population, still received no mail unless they went to their post office.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The history of American postal system.B.The increasing use of private mail service.C.The history of postage stamps.D.The comparis

47、on of urban and rural postal services.(2).Which of the following was seen as a disadvantage of the postage stamp?（分数：3.00）A.It had to be purchased by the sender in advance.B.It increased the cost of mail delivery.C.It was difficult to be pasted on letters.D.It was very easy to counterfeit.(3).What d

48、oes the word “cumbersome“ in Paragraph 2 mean?（分数：3.00）A.Convenient.B.Efficient.C.Awkward.D.Stupid.(4).Which of the following is an advantage the private postal services had over the government postal system?（分数：3.00）A.Delivering mails more cheaply.B.Delivering mails faster.C.Delivering mails to rur

49、al areas.D.Delivering a higher volume of mails.(5).Which of the following statements about free home delivery in the United States of the late 19th century is NOT tree?（分数：3.00）A.Mail carriers got paid by recipients.B.Mail carriers got paid by government.C.Most people still went to post office to get mails.D.Only people living in big cities could have the service.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Money and LovePaul had long promised to marry Clara. But at thirty-three he met and married Alice. Clara was driven mad. Paul was taken to court. The judge ordered him to pay Clara $600 because of