职称英语卫生类A级-2及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A级-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.These are our motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.argumentsC.targetsD.pursuit2.He pondered her words thoroughly.（分数：1.00）A.thought overB.thought upC.thought ofD.thought out3.He is sure of the coming of investment boom aft

2、er adopting the new investment policies.（分数：1.00）A.decreaseB.increaseC.influenceD.preparation4.Italian ice cream is Uimitated/U all over the world.（分数：1.00）A.copiedB.ignoredC.organizedD.provided5.The hotel tries to meet the Udiverse/U needs of its customers.（分数：1.00）A.variousB.indifferentC.manyD.typ

3、ical6.He is considered to be the most diligent student in class.（分数：1.00）A.kind-heartedB.hard-workingC.short-sightedD.far-reaching7.Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.（分数：1.00）A.controlB.contributeC.conveyD.contact8.“He is exempted from military service, because of his bad

4、sight.“（分数：1.00）A.restrictedB.hamperedC.liberatedD.restrained9.He has established himself to be a competent manager by his successfully handling several difficult tasks.（分数：1.00）A.definiteB.effectiveC.qualifiedD.deficient10.Hundreds of species are declared to be extinct in the coming century.（分数：1.0

5、0）A.die awayB.leave offC.die outD.leave out11.The play is proved to be a remarkable success.（分数：1.00）A.terrificB.relativeC.ultimateD.slight12.A beautiful woman attended to me in that store yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.waited onB.talked toC.spoke toD.stayed with13.Do you believe these two intimate friends us

6、ed to be enemies?（分数：1.00）A.bearableB.internalC.closeD.believable14.This book embraces many subjects.（分数：1.00）A.adoptsB.coversC.pressesD.accepts15.I notified him that the meeting had been postponed.（分数：1.00）A.informedB.observedC.mockedD.misled二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的

7、内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A项：如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择 B项：如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择 C项。B Tanning Parlors Take Heat/BPeople who seek a glamorous tan through sun lamps may double their risk of developing Common types of skin cancer, according to a new study that found the risk was highest for those who start at a y

8、oung age.The study, appearing in the latest issue of Journal of the US National Cancer Institute, concluded that people who use tanning devices were 1.5 to 2.5 times more likely to have common kinds of skin cancer than were people who did not use the devices. The study confirmed what doctors have lo

9、ng suspected-that sun lamp use increases the risk of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers, said Margaret R. Karagas, first author of the study.Either going to the tanning parlor, or getting an infrequent sunburn can seriously damage the skin, said Dr. James Spencer, vice chairman of the departm

10、ent of dermatology at Mount Hospital, but the small day-to-day exposure is worse for the skin in the long run.Joseph A. Levy, vice president of the International Smart Tan Network, however, said occasional sunburn “is a risk factor in all forms of skin cancer and intermittent sunburn is what the tan

11、ning industry is trying to stop. In the study, Karagas and her colleagues interviewed 603 basal cell skin cancer patients and 293 with squamous cell skin cancer. They talked to 540 control subjects who did not have either type of skin cancer.About 1 million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin

12、 cancer. Among those skin cancer patients, about 80 percent are with basal cell skin cancer, 16 percent, with squamous cell skin cancer and 4 percent with melanoma-the most serious form of skin cancers. Back to the interviewed patients, 190 reported that they had used tanning devices at some time. I

13、n the control groups, only 75 had used such devices. Karagas said a statistical analysis shows that those who used tanning equipment were 2.5 times more likely to get squamous cell skin cancer than those who had not used the devices. For basal cell cancer, the risk was 1.5 times greater.The risk was

14、 highest for those who first used the tanning devices before the age of 20, said Karagas. For this group, the squamous cell cancer risk was 3.6 times greater than that of the controls while the basal cell cancer risk was 1.3 times greater.（分数：7.00）(1).The passage confirms that using tanning equipmen

15、t is harmful to ones health.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).The highest rate of skin cancers is found in teenagers who use sun lamps frequently.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Melanoma is a more serious cancer than lung cancer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong

16、C.C. Not mentioned(4).Karagas reported her research results basing on interviews with a group of skin cancer patients and a control group of people with no skin cancers.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not ment(5).Doctor James Spencers argument implies that in the long run, getting all infrequent

17、 sunburn is worse than the small day-to-day exposure.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not ment(6).The passage mentions three forms of skin cancers, of which squamous cell skin cancer is the most dangerous.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not ment(7).It is implied in Mr. Levys argument(Paragrap

18、h 5) that frequent exposure to sun lamps is safe.（分数：1.00）A.A. right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)14 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 25 段每段选择1个正确的小标题：(2)第 58 题要求从所给的 6个选项中选择 4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案写在相应的位置上。B Optimists Really Do Live Longer, Say Scientists/B1. F

19、or the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer optimism was fundamentally wrong banal and corrupting, while the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud simply declared it to be neurotic.2. Experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to t

20、he positive mindset(思想倾向) as being beneficial to health. In other words optimists live longer.3. That was the conclusion reached by experts at the Mayo Clinic in the US State of Minnesota who evaluated answers given by people to a set of questions in the 1960s. Of the 729 candidates, 200 had died an

21、d according to scientists, there were a disproportionate number of pessimists among them.4. The points more on the pessimism scale-that was the difference between “slightly pessimistic“ and “averagely pessimistic“-were enough to boost a persons chances of dying by 19 percent, according to the study

22、by prominent psychologist Martin Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania.5. The study does not say why pessimists die but an older survey taken among children in SanFrancisco and Los Angeles makes it clear that personal attitude towards the world is a key factor in the longevity equation.6. The l

23、atest evidence to support the theory that optimists tend to cope better with illness of all kinds has been provided by professor Ralf Schwarzer of Berlins Free University who questioned 600 heart and lung patients. His conclusion: optimists recover more swiftly from operations than their pessimistic

24、 counterparts, tend to be happier after treatment and return to work more swiftly.7. There have been suggestions that optimists do not stay healthier but rather turn into optimists later because they enjoy good health. Numerous surveys have taken into account a persons state of health at the outset

25、(最初) and the effect remains the same.8. Studies have shown that optimists do not blind themselves to reality either. They thus interpret it in a positive way. “Sublimating (vi.升华) and denying things tend to alter reality but illusions are a way of seeing reality in the best light,“ said California.9

26、. German science journal Bild der Wissenschaft, which carries a major article on the topic in its current March issue, commented on “the right attitude“ to having a tumor.10. It seems psychotherapy can go some way towards extending the life span and life quality of a sick person although a complete

27、recovery using psychological technique alone is unlikely.11. Doctors like, however, to point to the example of US cycling professional Lance Armstrong, who was seriously ill with cancer, but whose unshakeable optimism helped him to take the top trophy twice at cyclings premiers Tour de France.12. Th

28、e magazine also quoted a study by Sheldon Cohens of the Caregie Mellon University in Pittsburgh: 420 volunteers were deliberately infected with strains of various common cold viruses. A day later checks were carried out to see who had caught a cold.13. The results showed that in the case of people w

29、ho had satisfactory, long-term relations with friends, neighbors or colleagues, the virus was less likely to trigger a cold. Of people with three of fewer firm relationships 62 percent became ill compared with only 35 percent of those who had six or more close human links.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_.（

30、分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 6_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 7_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 8_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Some scholars did not believe_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).How long one can live partly depends on_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).An optimist doesnt necessarily try_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).An experiment

31、showed that optimists were_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每道题后面有 4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从 4个选项中选择 1个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB Early or Later Day Care/BThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment“ perio

32、d from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do

33、believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngon

34、i, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carded out, and even if they

35、 were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But te

36、sts that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can on

37、ly be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the

38、 transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements wou

39、ld Bowlby support?（分数：3.00）A.The first three years of ones life is extremely important to the later development of personality.B.Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.C.Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at

40、 the age of three or older.D.Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.(2).Which of the following is derivable from Bowlbys work?（分数：3.00）A.Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a childs personality.B.Day ca

41、re nurseries have positive effects on a childs development.C.A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.D.Mothers should not send their children to day care centers until they are three years or older.(3).It is suggested that modem societies d

42、iffer from traditional societies in that（分数：3.00）A.mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societiesB.a child more often grows up with his / her brothers or sisters in traditional societiesC.the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modem societiesD.children i

43、n modem societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years(4).Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlbys theory?（分数：3.00）A.Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on childrens development.B.Parents find the immediate effects of early day care d

44、ifficult to deal with.C.Separation from parents for very young children is common in some traditional societies.D.Day care is safe, otherwise there wouldnt be so many nursery schools.(5).Which of the following best expresses the writers attitude towards early day care?（分数：3.00）A.Children fewer than

45、three should stay with heir parents.B.Early day care has positive effects on childrens development.C.The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.D.The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.B第二篇/BB Electronic Mail/B

46、During the past few years, scientist the world over have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding-writing, any kind of writing but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mails surprisingly high speed, convenience and economy, people w

47、ho never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant counties, shared data, bulletin boards and electronic jour

48、nals. Anyone with a personal computer, a modem and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day, most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known collectiv

49、ely as the internet, or net. E-mail is staring to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail, and of course, land mail. It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators, in par because it is conveniently asynchronous (writers can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; th