职称英语卫生类A级-28及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-28 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man.（分数：1.00）A.leftB.given upC.turned downD.refused2.It has been revealed that some government leaders ill-used their authority and position to get illegal money for themse

2、lves.（分数：1.00）A.employB.takeC.abuseD.overlook3.We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources.（分数：1.00）A.protectB.reserveC.consumeD.save4.The clothes a person wears may express his standing or social position.（分数：1.00）A.curiosityB.statusC.determinationD.significance5.The scientis

3、ts began to accumulate dat（分数：1.00）A.A. collectB. handleC. analyzeD. investigate6.Poor health and lack of money may both be to educational progress roadblocks.（分数：1.00）A.restraintsB.stainsC.scarcitiesD.barriers7.The travelers were ready to enjoy the spectacular tidal waves when suddenly a thick fog

4、came up and obscured the whole scene.（分数：1.00）A.blurredB.belittledC.bannedD.collapsed8.Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches.（分数：1.00）A.conventionallyB.obviouslyC.especiallyD.inevitably9.You must shine your shoes.（分数：1.00）A.lightenB.c

5、leanC.washD.polish10.They have accomplished their mission successfully.（分数：1.00）A.realizedB.designedC.completedD.arranged11.I hope that I didnt do anything absurd last night.（分数：1.00）A.awkwardB.strangeC.stupidD.awful12.The poet William Carlos was a New Jersey physician.（分数：1.00）A.doctorB.professorC.

6、physicistD.resident13.It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.（分数：1.00）A.preparedB.trainedC.qualifiedD.guided14.They refused to acknowledge that they were defeated.“（分数：1.00）A.admitB.declareC.agreeD.commit15.Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark.（分数：1.00）A.inade

7、quatelyB.hardlyC.faintlyD.sufficiently二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)BacteriaBacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousand of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-

8、shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1. 6 kilomete

9、rs) tall. Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached

10、to them wavy-looking “ hairs“ called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism. From the b

11、acterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flage

12、lla, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella are thus constan

13、tly exposed to a changing environment.（分数：7.00）(1).Bacteria are extremely small and its size is measured in microns.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Rod-shaped bacteria are smaller than the rounded ones.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Its hard to see bacteria clearly even with an

14、ordinary microscope.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).All the bacteria have more than one flagellum.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).People have done a lot of research on the mechanism which makes some bacteria move.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Bacteria bounce in the wa

15、ter, because they clash with water molecules.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Bacteria are harmful for our health.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B. Investigating the Effect of Screening C. Effects Predicted

16、 by Two Different Models D. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation E. Treatment of Cancers F. Factors That Trigger Cancers（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. be costly B. harmful C. sa

17、ve a life D. still open to debate E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer F. reduced to the minimum（分数：4.00）(1).Early discovery of breast cancer may 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Advantages of screening younger women are 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Delaying the age at which screening starts may 1.（分数：

18、1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Radiation exposure should be 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricu

19、ltural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world-if we start valuing wa

20、ter more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way w

21、e want. Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and

22、environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation (灌溉) water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficient

23、ly, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.（分数：15.00）

24、(1).What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?（分数：3.00）A.Only half of the worlds water can be used.B.The world population is increasing faster and faster.C.Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.D.Humanity has not placed efficient value on water resources.(2).As i

25、ndicated in the passage, the water problem _.（分数：3.00）A.is already serious in certain parts of the worldB.has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldC.poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD.is underestimated by government organizations at different levels(3).According to t

26、he author, the water price should _.（分数：3.00）A.be reduced to the minimumB.stimulate domestic demandC.correspond to its real valueD.take into account the occurrences of droughts(4).The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _.（分数：3.00）A.build big lakes to store waterB.construct

27、 big pumping stationsC.build small and cheap irrigation systemsD.channel water from nearby rivers to cropland(5).In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to _.（分数：3.00）A.guarantee full protection of the environmentB.centralize the management of water resourcesC.

28、increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsD.encourage local and regional of water resources六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)U. S. to Start $ 3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January“A study that will cost $ 3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U. S. chil

29、dren from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January. “ U. S. health officials said on Friday. Officials from the U. S. governments National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences t

30、hat affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness. The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health. Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well

31、 as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said. Officials said more than $ 200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $ 3.2 billion. “We anticipate that in the long term , w

32、hat we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nations health care costs. “ Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIHs Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters. The study will begin in January when the University of North C

33、arolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21. Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, wh

34、o heads the study. The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.（分数：15.00）(1).The aim of the study is to find new ways to _.（分数：3.00）A.conduct researchB.track public healthC.prevent or treat illne

35、ssD.speed up development(2).Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.genetic samples from people in the studyB.biological samples from people in the studyC.samples from the homes of the women and their babiesD.samples of air and water from hospitals(3).It is expected that throu

36、gh the study the nations health care costs _.（分数：3.00）A.will be lowered in the long runB.will be significantly increasedC.will be more than $ 200 millionD.will reach $ 3.2 billion(4).The babies of the participants will be followed _.（分数：3.00）A.throughout their livesB.for more than two decadesC.from

37、birth to 21 monthsD.until they get married(5).Which is NOT true of the people in the study?（分数：3.00）A.Theyll be from various areas.B.Theyll be from all income levels.C.Theyll be from all educational levels.D.Theyll be from all age groups.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sleepwalking (梦游)Not all sleep is the sam

38、e every night. We experience some deep, quiet sleep and some active sleep, which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking would happen during active sleep, but a person isnt physically active during active sleep. Sleepwalking usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the stage ca

39、lled slow-wave or deep sleep. Not all sleepwalkers actually walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like theyre awake when in fact, theyre asleep! Most, however, do get up and move around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour. Sleepwalkers eyes are open, but they dont see the same

40、 way they do when theyre awake and often think theyre in different rooms of the house or different places altogether. Sleepwalkers tend to go back to bed on their own and they wont remember it in the morning. Researchers estimate that about 15% of kids sleepwalk regularly. Sleepwalking may run in fa

41、milies (在家族中世代相传) and sometimes occurs when a person is sick, has a fever, is not getting enough sleep, or is stressed (紧张). If sleepwalking occurs frequently, every night or so, its a good idea for your mom or dad to take you to see your doctor. But occasional sleepwalking generally isnt something

42、to worry about, although it may look funny or even scary (骇人的) for the people who see a sleepwalker in action. Although occasional sleepwalking isnt a big deal, its important, of course, that the person is kept safe. Precautions (预防措施) should be taken so the person is less likely to fall down, run i

43、nto something, or walk out the front door while sleepwalking.（分数：15.00）(1).When does sleepwalking usually occur?（分数：3.00）A.During active sleep.B.During deep sleep.C.In the daytime.D.In the early mornin(2).What most sleepwalkers do is _.（分数：3.00）A.simply sit upB.simply stand in bedC.get up and walk f

44、or some timeD.get up and walk for hours(3).Sleepwalkers usually go back to bed _.（分数：3.00）A.after waking upB.after being woken upC.with the help of othersD.by themselves(4).Youd better go and see a doctor if you _.（分数：3.00）A.see a sleepwalker in actionB.never sleepwalkC.sleepwalk frequentlyD.sleepwa

45、lk occasionally(5).Measures should be taken to _.（分数：3.00）A.keep sleepwalkers safeB.prevent people from sleepwalkingC.avoid running into sleepwalkersD.help people sleep well八、第 5 部分：补全对话(总题数：1，分数：10.00)More Efforts Urged to Empower Women at AIDS ConferencePrevention is a central issue being discusse

46、d at the sixteenth International AIDS Conference in Toronto, Canad a. Twenty-four thousand delegates are at the conference which ends Friday. Bill and Melinda Gates called for faster research to develop preventions like microbicides for women to use when they have sex. (46) Melinda Gates said the wa

47、y to “change this epidemic“ is to put power in the hands of women. In southern Africa, for example, about sixty percent of adults living with HIV are women. Bill Gates said women today often have no choice but to depend on men not to infect them. “A woman should never need her partners permission to

48、 save her own life,“ he said as the conference opened Sunday. (47) On Monday, former President Bill Clinton said more people would get tested for HIV if an aggressive effort took place to fight the stigma. But reducing fears of social rejection is not enough. (48) Researchers at the conference prese

49、nted the results of a new study of HIV testing. It involved more than one hundred thousand people tested in California last year. Some received a quick test, with results in about twenty minutes. The others received a test that is more commonly used; the results takes two weeks. The researchers say twenty-five percent of the people who had the longer test di