职称英语(理工类)42及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(理工类)42 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.I dont see how Jack (put up with) his wife.（分数：-1.00）A.tolerateB.acceptC.leaveD.receive2.The New Year is coming. We decided to give our room a (thorough) clean.（分数：-1.00）A.carefulB.completeC.realD.serious3.He could never be (content) until he could afford to

2、 buy that beautiful car.（分数：-1.00）A.fullB.richC.wiseD.happy4.He had been (forced) to give up much of his time to housework.（分数：-1.00）A.compelledB.demandedC.determinedD.required5.I think this is a (deliberate) insult.（分数：-1.00）A.carelessB.intentionalC.humiliatingD.serious6.A (bare) hill appears behin

3、d the jungle.（分数：-1.00）A.baldB.humidC.immenseD.level7.He took us to an automobile (show) yesterday afternoon.（分数：-1.00）A.designB.performanceC.raceD.exhibition8.The short stories of Katherine Mansfield demonstrate her keen perceptions of human (character).（分数：-1.00）A.natureB.statusC.comedyD.appetite9

4、.Because of her rudeness to customers, the waitress has been (fired).（分数：-1.00）A.expiredB.resignedC.designedD.dismissed10.He (endured) all kinds of hardships in his solo sailing around the world.（分数：-1.00）A.sufferedB.experiencedC.lastedD.overcame11.At the sports meet, athletes (compete) with each ot

5、her for the gold medals.（分数：-1.00）A.rivalB.attemptC.contendD.trick12.Our public transportation is not (sufficient) for the need of the people in our major cities.（分数：-1.00）A.additionalB.efficientC.excessiveD.adequate13.It was very hard to (grasp) what he actually meant.（分数：-1.00）A.controlB.reachC.ca

6、tch on toD.scope on14.It is difficult to understand this kind of (complicated) calculation.（分数：-1.00）A.contemporaryB.complexC.mobileD.varied15.Eating too much fat can (lead to) heart disease and cause high blood pressure.（分数：-1.00）A.attribute toB.attend toC.contribute toD.devote toCompetition The qu

7、estion of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competiti

8、on, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by whi

9、ch social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or grou

10、ps is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence amo

11、ng animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limit

12、ed feeding areas and for the occupancy(占有)of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials

13、. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and proper (繁荣); the unsuccessful decline. While

14、it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that warlike conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. （分数：-0.98）(1).In first paragraph, the author gives the definition of some terms i

15、n order to distinguish between two kinds of opposition.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that it results in war in most cases.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para

16、. 1) most probably means harm each other.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The author indicates in the passage that conflict can be avoided.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The passage is probably intended to answer the question“ Why is there conflict and competition?“（分数：-0.14）A.

17、RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Competition is essentially a struggle for existence.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Competition can lead to conflict.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedHints for Reading Practice 1. Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some specifi

18、c regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p. m. or 2. 30 a. m. made no difference. 2. Nearly all “Speed Reading“ courses have a “pacing“some timing device wh

19、ich lets the students know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. 3. Obviously there is little point in increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading.

20、 If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, re-read the section or chapter. 4. Take four or five pages of an interesting book you happen to be reading at the time. Read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether

21、you understand or not. If you keep doing this “lightning speed“ reading for an extended period of time, you will usually find that your “normal“ speed has increased. 5. Most paragraphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which expresses the central ideas. The opening paragraph often suggests the

22、 general direction and content of the piece, while paragraphs that follow expand or support the first. The closing paragraph often summarizes the very essence of what has been said. A. The Organization of an Article B. An Effective Way to Increase Reading Speed C. Set Aside Time Each Day D. Check Yo

23、ur Comprehension E. Check Your Reading Speed F. Hints for Reading Practice （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.

24、D.(6).You can check your reading speed by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).If you keep doing “lightning speed“ reading for a period of time, you will find that _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).Most paragraphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Modern Drugs Doctors, sixty years ago, could

25、 do little to help victims of polio. Serious cases usually ended in death. In 1955, a vaccine was developed that prevented the disease. Today, polio is no longer a major health problem. Many of the most important drugs that doctors prescribe today have been developed in the last 30 years. Modern dru

26、gs are complex, specific and powerful. People need to know more about drugs in order to use them safely. Early people discovered by accident that some of the plants growing around them seemed useful to heal sores, relieve pain, or even cure diseases. These plants were the first drugs. Now plants are

27、 still the source of some drugs. Quinine, for example, is a bitter-tasting drug used to treat the chills and fever of malaria and to reduce attacks of the disease. It is made from the bark of the cinchona tree, which grows in the Andes Mountains. The Indians of that region were the first to use the

28、bark as a medicine. The Spanish people probably brought it to Europe in the early 1600s. Chemists learned how to get the pure drug from the bark and in 1944; it was made artificially in the laboratory. Other important drugs, such as hormones and vaccines, are obtained from animals. But most of the m

29、odern drugs come from chemical combinations worked out by research scientists. Most people never see drugs in their simple form as chemicals. Instead, they are seen as tablets, capsules or liquids that contain the drug and other ingredients. People use drugs to get different results. Some drugs atta

30、ck the organism that causes a disease. They cure by killing the organism. Other drugs relieve what we call the symptoms of the disease: the headache, pain, fever or chills, and make the patient more comfortable. These constitute most over-the-counter drugs. People can get them in drug stores. （分数：-1

31、.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：-0.20）A.The development of modern drugs.B.How to make drugs.C.How to use drugs safely.D.The development of drugs.(2).It seems to the author that the medicine used by early people_.（分数：-0.20）A.was of no real valueB.was probably effectiveC.was easy to

32、makeD.did more harm than good(3).Concerning the drug quinine, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Originally, quinine was made from some tree bark.B.Quinine is used to cure malaria.C.Now, the cinchona tree is no longer the only source of quinine.D.It was the Spanish people who first used

33、quinine as a medicine.(4).It is implied in the passage that most drugs can be_.（分数：-0.20）A.manufactured artificiallyB.got from animal sourcesC.found naturally in plantsD.made from tree bark(5).The “over-the-counter drugs“ are those that _.（分数：-0.20）A.patients can get without doctors prescriptionsB.c

34、an relieve the symptoms of a diseaseC.attack the organism that causes a diseaseD.tend to be complex and powerful synthetic drugsCigars Instead? Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study. Daily cigars also increa

35、se the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer

36、 to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers. The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article “ Cigars: Health Effects and Trends“. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits

37、 up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines “This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country,“ said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute,

38、 in a statement. “The data are clear-the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases,“ he added. “ In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be

39、addictive. “ “To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advices is dont. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks,“ warned Klausner. According to a National Cancer Institute press release, th

40、ere havent been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but “. a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. “ （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day_.（分数：-0.20）A.increases t

41、he risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.B.greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.C.increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.D.gready increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.(2).In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars

42、daily?（分数：-0.20）A.SixB.SevenC.EightD.Nine(3).What is the main idea of the article“ Cigars: Health Effects and Trends“ ?（分数：-0.20）A.When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.B.Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.C.cigars contain less harmful substances t

43、han cigarettes.D.Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.(4).What is the doctors advice to those cigar-smokers?（分数：-0.20）A.To give it up completelyB.To give up part of it.C.Not to think about it any more.D.to cure the diseases first.(5).In the context of this passage, “ secondha

44、nd smoke“ may mean_.（分数：-0.20）A.smoking bad-quality cigars.B.smoking very cheap cigars.C.being very cigar smokers when they are not smoking.D.being very near cigar smokers when they are smoking.The Development of Both HIV And Its Cure As the number of people infected (传染) with the AIDScausing HIV ro

45、se to more than 14 million worldwide and as new research showed that in the U.S. one of every 92 young men may be infected, a cure for the disease still remained an elusive(令人困惑的) dream. To help slow the spread of HIV to infants, the CDC in July called for all pregnant(怀孕的) women to be tested for th

46、e virus(毒素). The recommendation (推荐) stemmed (发展) from a. study that found that the risk that an HIV-infected woman will pass the virus on to her unborn child is cut by two-thirds if the mother receives the drug azidothymidine ( AZT) during pregnancy. The year was also marked by the first official r

47、ecognition (认可)that treating HIV-infected people with a combination(结合) of antiviral(抗毒素的) drugs is superior to treating them with only AZT, a drug that had been the gold standard of treatment since the late 1980s. At an international conference in Copenhagen, a pane(专门小组)of scientists recommended t

48、hat patients with the AIDS virus receive combination therapy, although there was still no consensus (一致)on when in the course of the disease the drugs should be started. In December the FDA approved the first of a long-awaited new class of AIDS drugs, called protease inhibitors , Physicians emphasiz

49、ed, however, that the new drug, saquinavir, is not a cure and must be taken in combination with other AIDS drugs. A glimmer(微光)of hope for a cure came when a team from the University of Washington reported in November that a new drug, PMPA, prevented monkeys from becoming infected by the monkey version of HIV even when the virus was injected(注射) directly into the animals. The year also provided the research community (界) , with a few more clues (线索) on how to attack HIV. In June researchers found that 70% of West African wome