职称英语(理工类)36及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(理工类)36 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.There is less crime now; it seems that there is a (fall) in the crime rate.（分数：-1.00）A.decreaseB.inclineC.defeatD.slope2.If the population keeps on growing, there will eventually not be enough resources left to (support) life on the earth.（分数：-1.00）A.detainB

2、.continueC.containD.maintain3.She (undertakes) to verify the true source of the rumor.（分数：-1.00）A.triesB.decidesC.promisesD.refuses.4.Please let me know if any problems (arise).（分数：-1.00）A.becomeB.occurC.comeD.find5.The land crab, a forest-floor scavenger native to tropical America, migrates to the

3、water to (breed).（分数：-1.00）A.dieB.swimC.mateD.hatch6.I (reserve) the right to disagree.（分数：-1.00）A.deserveB.keepC.perceiveD.notice7.She couldnt (judge) distances.（分数：-1.00）A.arbitrateB.discoverC.findD.determine8.The train stopped (abruptly), making us wonder where we were.（分数：-1.00）A.all of a sudden

4、B.fastC.quicklyD.slowly9.Through a procedure known as time-sharing, one large computer can be employed (simultaneously) by lots of small users.（分数：-1.00）A.ahead of timeB.all the timeC.at the same timeD.in time10.Icy roads and poor visibility are familiar (hazards) in the Midwest.（分数：-1.00）A.chargesB

5、.conditionsC.weatherD.dangers11.They joined the army (willingly).（分数：-1.00）A.intentionallyB.consciouslyC.voluntarilyD.reluctantly12.Many economists have given in to the fatal (lure) of mathematics.（分数：-1.00）A.errorB.functionC.attractionD.miracle13.The (current) edition of that magazine discusses the

6、 ancient civilization of Latin America.（分数：-1.00）A.firstB.latestC.oldD.special14.She (purchased) a ticket and went up on the top deck.（分数：-1.00）A.tookB.boughtC.showedD.made15.Mary had sold her bike, taken a driving (test) and bought a car.（分数：-1.00）A.examinationB.quizC.exerciseD.checkGlobal Warming

7、and Technological changes Recent studies have identified four major global environmental risks: acid rain, ozone depletion, deforestation and the greenhouse effect. On the whole, thanks to technological changes, people now tend to move toward warmer regions in North America and Europe. Climate warmi

8、ng will probably be a boon to Alaska, which is Americas least productive state in Gross National Product(GNP)per square mile. Studies of the impact of global warming on the United States and other developed regions find that the most vulnerable areas are those dependent on unmanaged ecosystemson nat

9、urally occurring rainfall, run-off and temperatures, and the extremes of these variables. Agriculture, forestry and coastal activities fall into this category. Most economic activity in industrialized countries, however, depends very little on the climate. Intensive-care units of hospitals, communic

10、ations, heavy manufacturing and microelectronics are among the sectors likely to be unaffected by climatic change. In selecting whether to set up in, say, Hong Kong or in Warsaw, few businesses will consider temperature a weighty factor. Greenhouse warming would have little effect on Americas nation

11、al output. About 3% of American GNP originates in climate sensitive sectors such as farming and forestry. Another 10% comes from sectors only modestly sensitive-energy, water systems, property and construction. For the largest share, 87% , comes from sectors, including most services, that are neglig

12、ibly affected by climate change. （分数：-0.98）(1).The article is talking about the acid rain.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).Climate warming will probably not be a blessing to Alaska.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).Farming must consider climate an as important factor.（分数：-0.14）A.R

13、ightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).13% of American GNP come from sectors affected by climate changes.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).In industrialized countries, services are scarcely affected by climate changes.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Ozone depletion is not a environmental

14、problem.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Climate changes play an important part in communications.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedCancer 1. Cancer, which may arise from any type of cell and in any body tissue, is not a single disease but a large number of diseases classified accordi

15、ng to the tissue and type of cell of origin. Several hundred such classes exist, constituting three major subtypes; sarcomas, carcinomas, leukemias and lymphomas. 2. A number of factors produce cancer in a proportion of exposed individuals. Among these factors are heredity, viruses, ionizing(离子)radi

16、ation, chemicals, and alterations in the immune system. For a long time these various factors seemed to work in different ways, but now researchers are studying how they might interact. 3. More than 1,350,000 new cases of cancer occur in the United States each year. It is the second leading cause of

17、 death in the nation, accounting for about 550,000 deaths annually. The incidence of cancer varies enormously among different geographic areas. The age-adjusted death rate from all cancers in males is 310. 9 per 100,000 in Luxembourg (the highest) as Compared to 37. 5 in El Salvador (the lowest). Fo

18、r women it is 175.2 in Denmark and 48.7 in El Salvador. The figures for the United States are 216. 6 per 100,000 men and 136.5 per 100,000 women. 4. The principal approach to curing cancer is to remove all of the malignant (恶性的) cells by a surgical operation. In the past this meant the removal of al

19、l of the involved tissue and as much tumors, notably cancer of the breast, this is not always necessary. However, it may help to relieve symptoms. 5. The most important preventive measure in controlling cancer is stopping tobacco use, which is the cause of 30 percent of all deaths from cancer. A lar

20、ge reduction might follow better diet: optimal (适当的)calorie intake to avoid obesity (肥胖), reduction of calories form fat to 20 percent of the diet, reduction of redmeat intake, and increased intake of dietary fiber and protective foods. A. Causes of cancer B. Types of cancer C. Control cancer D. The

21、 attitude faced to cancer E. Mortality Rate from cancer F. Treating cancer by surgery （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Death caused by cancer is_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).The efficient

22、method to cure cancer is_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).This passage 5 mainly discussed_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).After reading this passage, we should_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.The Gene Industry Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the au

23、tomobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls “metalhungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water“. They have already demanded and won the right to patent ne

24、w lifeforms. Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills“ that could spread disease and destroy entire populations.

25、The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination. Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, ther

26、eby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us? Should we attempt to elimin

27、ate “inferior“ people and breed a “ super-race“? ( Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories. ) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “unfit“ babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ours

28、elves, each of us having, as it were, a “ savings bank“ full of spare kidney, livers or hands? Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin

29、and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “ Broad Scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new co

30、nsumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created.“ （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked by_.（分数：-0.20）A.using metal-hungry microbes .B.making use of enzymes.C.adjusting the engine.D.patenting new life forms.(

31、2).According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most?（分数：-0.20）A.The unanticipated explosion of populationB.The creation of biological solar cells.C.The accidental spill of oil.D.The unexpected release of destructive microbes.(3).Which of the following notions is NOT

32、mentioned?（分数：-0.20）A.Developing a “ savings bank “ of ones organs.B.Breeding soldiers for a war.C.Producing people with cow-like stomachs.D.Using genetic forecasting to cure diseases.(4).According to the passage, Hitler attempted to_.（分数：-0.20）A.changed the pilots biologically to win the war.B.deve

33、lop genetic farming for food supply.C.kill the people he thought of as inferior.D.encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war.(5).What dose Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howards statement imply?（分数：-0.20）A.The commercial applications of genetic engineering are inevitable.B.American will depend

34、on other countries for biological progress.C.Americans are proud of their countries for biological progress.D.The potential application of each new genetic advance should be controlled.Vegetarianism A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived from animals. The main ob

35、jection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty to getting enough protein, the body building elements in food. If you have ever been without meat or animal foods for some days of weeks(say, religious reasons) you will have noticed that you tend to get physically rather weak. You are

36、glad when the fast is over and you get your reward of a succulent meat meal. Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called “amino-acids“, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein. This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than an

37、imal food in order to get enough of these amino-acids. A great of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism. The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food

38、is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of the vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably d

39、eal with. In fairness, though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim they need far less than 70 grams of protein a day. Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable so

40、urces. A lacto-vegetarian diet, which includes milk and milk products such as cheese, can, however, be satisfactory as long as enough milk and milk products are consumed. Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable digestible and next come milk, fish and eggs. Slow and careful cooking of meat mak

41、es it more digestible and assists in the breaking down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however, the vitamins, and in particular the water-solube vitamin C, should be lost through overcooking. （分数：-1.00）(1).A vegetarian is a person who_.（分数：-0.20）A.eats the meat of animal

42、s onlyB.eats the vegetable onlyC.drinks milk onlyD.eat nothing at all(2).Compared with vegetable food animal food contains_.（分数：-0.20）A.more proteinsB.more nutrientsC.more mineralsD.more amino-acids(3).The underlined word “lacto-vegetarian“ (in Para. 4) means_.（分数：-0.20）A.very strict vegetarianB.fal

43、se-vegetarianC.not strict vegetarianD.non-vegetarian(4).From the passage, we know that_.（分数：-0.20）A.to gain enough protein, one must consume much more vegetable food than animal foodB.cooking vegetables for long time makes it more digestibleC.milk is the best source of usable animal proteinD.the mos

44、t common deficiencies in Western diets are those of vitamins(5).Which of the following is best reflected the authors attitude?（分数：-0.20）A.Vegetarianism is not good for ones health.B.Vegetarianism should be advocated for adults.C.One should have a well-balanced diet containing elements of all foods.D

45、.A lacto-vegetarian diet is the best as it provides adequate nutrition.Male and Female pilots cause accidents differently Male pilots flying general aviation(private)aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision, making, while female pilots are more lik

46、ely to crash from mishandling the aircraft. These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error invol

47、ved. “Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots, as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots,“ explains Susan P. Baker, MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloom

48、berg School of Public Health. “Because pilot youth and inexperience are established, contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash.“ The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on p

49、ilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged 40-63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio, by age, classes of medical and pilot certificates, state or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender. The researchers found that loss of control on la