职称英语(理工类)34及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(理工类)34 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.They showed me some photos and I had to (identify) the woman that I saw coming out of the post office.（分数：-1.00）A.make outB.make inC.make upD.make for2.Though friends for many years, the two lawyers (ended up) as enemies.（分数：-1.00）A.turned outB.gave inC.got

2、rid ofD.put an end at3.They joined the army (willingly).（分数：-1.00）A.intentionallyB.consciouslyC.voluntarilyD.reluctantly4.The great castles of the king were without bathing (facilities).（分数：-1.00）A.poolsB.meansC.showersD.towels5.Many economists have given in to the fatal (lure) of mathematics.（分数：-1

3、.00）A.errorB.functionC.attractionD.miracle6.She (longed) to be envied and sought after.（分数：-1.00）A.hopedB.wantedC.was eagerD.wished7.You will find that the community has (experienced) great changes since you came here last.（分数：-1.00）A.undergoneB.experimentedC.submittedD.sustained8.My nephew said tha

4、t Dickens was his (best loved) writer and that he had read nearly all of his novels.（分数：-1.00）A.famousB.popularC.favorableD.favorite9.Is the clock in the tower (accurate)?（分数：-1.00）A.correctB.newC.oldD.wrong10.It took me a whole hour to (solve) the problem.（分数：-1.00）A.work atB.work onC.work outD.wor

5、k over11.All the people were greatly surprised by this (sudden) decision.（分数：-1.00）A.abruptB.roughC.violentD.silly12.He could never be (content) until he could afford to buy that beautiful car.（分数：-1.00）A.fullB.richC.wiseD.happy13.The teachers want to (do away with) cheating in their school.（分数：-1.0

6、0）A.do credit toB.retainC.put an end toD.substitute for14.I beg you once again, never (desert) me in my misfortunes!（分数：-1.00）A.condemnB.abandonC.offendD.pluck15.There was a (number) of children on the playground.（分数：-1.00）A.classB.great crowdC.small groupD.lineGlobal Warming and Technological chang

7、es Recent studies have identified four major global environmental risks: acid rain, ozone depletion, deforestation and the greenhouse effect. On the whole, thanks to technological changes, people now tend to move toward warmer regions in North America and Europe. Climate warming will probably be a b

8、oon to Alaska, which is Americas least productive state in Gross National Product(GNP)per square mile. Studies of the impact of global warming on the United States and other developed regions find that the most vulnerable areas are those dependent on unmanaged ecosystemson naturally occurring rainfa

9、ll, run-off and temperatures, and the extremes of these variables. Agriculture, forestry and coastal activities fall into this category. Most economic activity in industrialized countries, however, depends very little on the climate. Intensive-care units of hospitals, communications, heavy manufactu

10、ring and microelectronics are among the sectors likely to be unaffected by climatic change. In selecting whether to set up in, say, Hong Kong or in Warsaw, few businesses will consider temperature a weighty factor. Greenhouse warming would have little effect on Americas national output. About 3% of

11、American GNP originates in climate sensitive sectors such as farming and forestry. Another 10% comes from sectors only modestly sensitive-energy, water systems, property and construction. For the largest share, 87% , comes from sectors, including most services, that are negligibly affected by climat

12、e change. （分数：-0.98）(1).The article is talking about the acid rain.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).Climate warming will probably not be a blessing to Alaska.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).Farming must consider climate an as important factor.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentio

13、ned(4).13% of American GNP come from sectors affected by climate changes.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).In industrialized countries, services are scarcely affected by climate changes.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Ozone depletion is not a environmental problem.（分数：-0.14）A.Rig

14、htB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Climate changes play an important part in communications.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedAnatomy 1. The term anatomy comes from Greek anatomy, “dissection“. It is a branch of natural science dealing with the structural organization of living things. The proper unde

15、rstanding of structure, however, implies a knowledge of function in the living organism. Anatomy is therefore almost inseparable from physiology, which is sometimes called functional anatomy. 2. It is convenient to subdivide the study of anatomy in several different ways. One classification is based

16、 on the type of organisms studied, the major subdivisions being plant anatomy and animal anatomy. Animal anatomy is further subdivided into human anatomy and comparative anatomy, which seeks out similarities and differences among animal types. Anatomy can also be subdivided into biological processes

17、, for example, developmental anatomy, the study of embryos, and pathological anatomy, the study of diseased organs. 3. The oldest known systematic study of anatomy is contained in an Egyptian papyrus dating from about 1600 BC. In the 4th century BC Aristode increased anatomical knowledge of animals.

18、 The first real progress in the science of human anatomy was made in the following century by the Greek physicians Herophilus and Erasistratus, who dissected human cadavers (尸体) and were the first to distinguish many functions , including those of the nervous and muscular systems. 4. Modern anatomy

19、began with the publication in 1543 of the work of the Belgian anatomist Andreas Vesalius. Before the publication of this classical work anatomists had been so bound by tradition that the writings of authorities of more than 1000 years earlier, were accepted in lieu of actual observation. Vesalius an

20、d other Renaissance anatomists, however, based their descriptions on their own observations of human corpses, thus setting the pattern for subsequent study in anatomy. 5. The 17th-century invention of the compound microscope led to the development of microscopic anatomy. Under the leadership of the

21、Italian anatomist Marcello Malpighi, the study of the microscopic structure of animals and plants flourished during the 17th century. Microscopic anatomy developed rapidly in the 19th century. Knowledge of microscopic anatomy was greatly expanded during the 20th century as a result of the developmen

22、t of microscopes. A. The Beginning of research B. The subdivision of Anatomy C. The Beginning of Mordern Anatomy D. Anatomy in Ancient Times E. A Brief History of Microscopich Anatomy F. The definition of Anatomy （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 1（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Par

23、agraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that before 1600 BC_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).It means that microscopic anatomy is bring up by_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).The classification of anatomy is based on_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).With the development o

24、f science and technology, you may conclude_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteri

25、stics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of

26、 life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are

27、 general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch.

28、The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young;

29、 and in other respects. An organism may create its won environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a par

30、ticular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions. （分数：-1.00）(1).Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may_.（分数：-0.20）A.help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed.B.survive eve

31、n in extremely severe conditionsC.become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.D.result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms.(2).In the first paragraph, the word “environments“ could best be replaced by_.（分数：-0.20）A.contextsB.surroundingsC.neighborsD.e

32、nemies(3).It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird care colored_.（分数：-0.20）A.to frightened its enemies.B.to attract its enemiesC.to adjust its body heatD.to match its environment(4).Which of the following is not directly mentioned?（分数：-0.20）A.A living thing may adapt in its s

33、tructure.B.An organism may adapt in its function.C.A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.D.A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.(5).The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate which of the following?（分数：-0.20）A.A living thing may have the abi

34、lity to create an environment of its ownB.A living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near.C.A living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicalsD.A living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin.Modern Drugs Doctors, sixt

35、y years ago, could do little to help victims of polio. Serious cases usually ended in death. In 1955, a vaccine was developed that prevented the disease. Today, polio is no longer a major health problem. Many of the most important drugs that doctors prescribe today have been developed in the last 30

36、 years. Modern drugs are complex, specific and powerful. People need to know more about drugs in order to use them safely. Early people discovered by accident that some of the plants growing around them seemed useful to heal sores, relieve pain, or even cure diseases. These plants were the first dru

37、gs. Now plants are still the source of some drugs. Quinine, for example, is a bitter-tasting drug used to treat the chills and fever of malaria and to reduce attacks of the disease. It is made from the bark of the cinchona tree, which grows in the Andes Mountains. The Indians of that region were the

38、 first to use the bark as a medicine. The Spanish people probably brought it to Europe in the early 1600s. Chemists learned how to get the pure drug from the bark and in 1944; it was made artificially in the laboratory. Other important drugs, such as hormones and vaccines, are obtained from animals.

39、 But most of the modern drugs come from chemical combinations worked out by research scientists. Most people never see drugs in their simple form as chemicals. Instead, they are seen as tablets, capsules or liquids that contain the drug and other ingredients. People use drugs to get different result

40、s. Some drugs attack the organism that causes a disease. They cure by killing the organism. Other drugs relieve what we call the symptoms of the disease: the headache, pain, fever or chills, and make the patient more comfortable. These constitute most over-the-counter drugs. People can get them in d

41、rug stores. （分数：-1.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：-0.20）A.The development of modern drugs.B.How to make drugs.C.How to use drugs safely.D.The development of drugs.(2).It seems to the author that the medicine used by early people_.（分数：-0.20）A.was of no real valueB.was probably effec

42、tiveC.was easy to makeD.did more harm than good(3).Concerning the drug quinine, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Originally, quinine was made from some tree bark.B.Quinine is used to cure malaria.C.Now, the cinchona tree is no longer the only source of quinine.D.It was the Spanish peop

43、le who first used quinine as a medicine.(4).It is implied in the passage that most drugs can be_.（分数：-0.20）A.manufactured artificiallyB.got from animal sourcesC.found naturally in plantsD.made from tree bark(5).The “over-the-counter drugs“ are those that _.（分数：-0.20）A.patients can get without doctor

44、s prescriptionsB.can relieve the symptoms of a diseaseC.attack the organism that causes a diseaseD.tend to be complex and powerful synthetic drugsEuthanasia: a Heatedly Debated Topic “We mustnt delay any longer.?swallowing(吞咽) is difficult.and breathing, thats also difficult. Those muscles are weake

45、ning too.we mustnt delay any longer.“ These were the words of Dutchman(荷兰人) Cees van wendel de Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Vendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deterio

46、rating. Van Venders last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject

47、. The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia (安乐死) , although it is not technically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament(议会) two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that t

48、he patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm(证实) that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department. Should doc

49、tors be allowed to take the live of others? Dr. Wilfred Van Oijen, Cees van Vendels doctor, explains how he looks at the question: “Well, its not as if I in planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is the worst thing I can imagine. But thats entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they dont suffer too much. Thats very different thing. “ Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Ch