职称英语(卫生类)30及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(卫生类)30 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.Experiments enable young scientists to judge accurately what must be accepted and what must be viewed with (suspicion).（分数：-1.00）A.doubtB.beliefC.curiosityD.judgment2.When snow (collects) on top of a building during the winter, the weight sometimes weakens t

2、he construction and occasionally causes the roof to collapse.（分数：-1.00）A.selectsB.scattersC.meltsD.accumulates3.At the sports meet, athletes (compete) with each other for the gold medals.（分数：-1.00）A.rivalB.attemptC.contendD.trick4.We can (utilize) water for producing electric power.（分数：-1.00）A.emplo

3、yB.embraceC.emergeD.emphasize5.His new girlfriend (omitted)to tell him that she was married.（分数：-1.00）A.forgotB.resistedC.deletedD.left out6.The doctor soon made the worried patient feel (comfortable).（分数：-1.00）A.at easeB.in privateC.at restD.in peace7.It is (odd) that so little is known about the t

4、alented painter.（分数：-1.00）A.surprisingB.unreasonableC.strangeD.unbelievable8.The number of the Unites States citizens who are (eligible) to vote continues to increase.（分数：-1.00）A.encouragedB.enforcedC.expectedD.entitled9.The chairman (proposed) that we should stop the meeting.（分数：-1.00）A.statedB.dec

5、laredC.suggestedD.announced10.The town is (famous) for its magnificent church towers.（分数：-1.00）A.knownB.contemporaryC.specializedD.specified11.He is sure of the coming of investment (boom) after adopting the new investment policies.（分数：-1.00）A.decreaseB.increaseC.influenceD.preparation12.Oh, child ,

6、 how you (astonished) me I thought you were in the garden.（分数：-1.00）A.cheatedB.treatedC.surprisedD.tricked13.The train stopped (abruptly), making us wonder where we were.（分数：-1.00）A.all of a suddenB.fastC.quicklyD.slowly14.The boss put great (stress) on the workers so that they could work harder.（分数

7、：-1.00）A.angerB.controlC.pressureD.nerve15.The exploration of outer space is a great (triumph) of modern science.（分数：-1.00）A.superiorB.symbolC.successionD.successUnited Nations A major segment of the Untied Nations is the General Assembly, which consists of representatives from all governments that

8、have ratified the UN Charter. As of 1995,185 states had membership in the general Assembly. Additionally, the Vatican, Switzerland, and the Palestine Liberation Organization have nonvoting observer status in the General Assembly. The General Assembly approves the UNs budget, acts with the Security C

9、ouncil to select the Secretary-general and judges of the International Court of Justice, and passes resolutions on issues ranging from self-determination and colonialism to womens rights and the global distribution of wealth. The General Assembly can meet and vote on any subject, unless the Security

10、 Council is dealing with it (or at least pretending to). However, its decisions only carry moral forceunlike the Councils. Theyre not binding in international laws. But the Assembly votes are an important opinion poll on how and what the majority of the world thinks about issues. “ Important questio

11、ns“ need a two-thirds vote of the Assembly to pass. The question of what is an important question isnt important. Its decided by the delegates themselvesby a simple majority. Although the General Assembly has not recognized authority to enforce its conclusions on anything other than internal UN matt

12、ers, it makes its viewpoints on issues that are brought before it is known in one of the three ways. A General Assembly declaration is a broad statement of general principle such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, passed in 1948. Declarations are often put forward as an expression of an i

13、deal, in practice they are regularly ignored. A General Assembly resolution is essentially a document that recommends that member states take a particular policy action. States claim sovereignty and make their own decisions as to whether they will follow a General Assembly resolution. In some cases,

14、 however, if many states implement a particular resolution, other states that may not wish to act on the resolution may feel themselves pressured to do so anyway. At the very least, a resolution has the effect of legitimizing the policies of those states that wish to comply with the resolution. Fina

15、lly, a General Assembly convention, or treaty, has two meanings. The more comprehensive convention refers to multilateral treaties voted on by the General Assembly that, upon passage by the General Assembly, are carried back to the capitals of member states for ratification by whatever means each st

16、ate uses domestically. In other cases, a General Assembly convention refers specifically to a treaty signed between the United Nations and the government of a nation-state, as when in 1956 Egypt agreed to allow United Nations peacekeeping forces to enter Egyptian territory. （分数：-0.98）(1).The General

17、 Assembly is responsible for dealing with the international matters.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).The Passage of important issues is decided by a two-thirds vote of the Assembly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).The General Assembly have the authority to enforce its conclusions

18、 on approving UN budget.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The General Assembly makes its viewpoints in the General Assembly ratification.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The General Assembly presses its member states to implement its resolution.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentio

19、ned(6).Anan was chosen as UN Secretary-general on the General Assembly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Multi-lateral treaties have to be ratified by the member state before it is passed by the General Assembly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedCancer 1. Cancer, which may arise from a

20、ny type of cell and in any body tissue, is not a single disease but a large number of diseases classified according to the tissue and type of cell of origin. Several hundred such classes exist, constituting three major subtypes; sarcomas, carcinomas, leukemias and lymphomas. 2. A number of factors p

21、roduce cancer in a proportion of exposed individuals. Among these factors are heredity, viruses, ionizing(离子)radiation, chemicals, and alterations in the immune system. For a long time these various factors seemed to work in different ways, but now researchers are studying how they might interact. 3

22、. More than 1,350,000 new cases of cancer occur in the United States each year. It is the second leading cause of death in the nation, accounting for about 550,000 deaths annually. The incidence of cancer varies enormously among different geographic areas. The age-adjusted death rate from all cancer

23、s in males is 310. 9 per 100,000 in Luxembourg (the highest) as Compared to 37. 5 in El Salvador (the lowest). For women it is 175.2 in Denmark and 48.7 in El Salvador. The figures for the United States are 216. 6 per 100,000 men and 136.5 per 100,000 women. 4. The principal approach to curing cance

24、r is to remove all of the malignant (恶性的) cells by a surgical operation. In the past this meant the removal of all of the involved tissue and as much tumors, notably cancer of the breast, this is not always necessary. However, it may help to relieve symptoms. 5. The most important preventive measure

25、 in controlling cancer is stopping tobacco use, which is the cause of 30 percent of all deaths from cancer. A large reduction might follow better diet: optimal (适当的)calorie intake to avoid obesity (肥胖), reduction of calories form fat to 20 percent of the diet, reduction of redmeat intake, and increa

26、sed intake of dietary fiber and protective foods. A. Causes of cancer B. Types of cancer C. Control cancer D. The attitude faced to cancer E. Mortality Rate from cancer F. Treating cancer by surgery （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.1

27、3）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Death caused by cancer is_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).The efficient method to cure cancer is_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).This passage 5 mainly discussed_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).After reading this passage, we should_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Suburb If “suburb“ is meant an

28、 urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city, in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small, highly compact cluster in which people moved about on

29、 foot, and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories, built in the 1830s and 1840s, were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surroun

30、ded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses around the older, main cities. As a defence against this encroachment, and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854 for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. S

31、imilar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders. With the acceleration of industrial growth come acute, urban crowding and accompanying social stress-condit

32、ions began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburba

33、nization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban middle class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by t

34、he developing of single-family housing tracts. （分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following is the best title for the text?（分数：-0.20）A.The Growth of Philadelphia.B.The Origin of the Suburb.C.The Development of City Transportation.D.The Rise of the Urban Middle Class.(2).The author mentions that areas border

35、ing the cities have grown during the period of_.（分数：-0.20）A.industrializationB.inflationC.revitalizationD.unionization(3).In the passage, the word “encroachment“ refers to which of the following?（分数：-0.20）A.The smell of the factories.B.The growth of mill towns.C.The development of waterways.D.The lo

36、ss of jobs.(4).It can be inferred from the text that after 1890 most people traveled around cities by_.（分数：-0.20）A.automobileB.cartC.horse-drawn trolleyD.electric streetcar(5).Where in the text does the author describe the cities as they were prior to suburbanization?（分数：-0.20）A.Lines 3-5.B.Lines 9-

37、10.C.Lines 13-15.D.Lines 18-20.Euthanasia: a Heatedly Debated Topic “We mustnt delay any longer.?swallowing(吞咽) is difficult.and breathing, thats also difficult. Those muscles are weakening too.we mustnt delay any longer.“ These were the words of Dutchman(荷兰人) Cees van wendel de Joode asking his doc

38、tor to help him die. Affected with a serious disease, van Vendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. Van Venders last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filme

39、d and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia (安乐死) , although it is not technically leg

40、al there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament(议会) two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repe

41、ated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a second doctor must confirm(证实) that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to the police department. Should doctors be allowed to take the live of others? Dr. Wilfred Van Oijen, Cees van Vendels doctor, explains how he looks a

42、t the question: “Well, its not as if I in planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case, killing is the worst thing I can imagine. But thats entirely different from my work as a doctor. I care for people and I try to ensure that they dont suffer too much. Thats very different

43、 thing. “ Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson, Chairman of the organization Healthcare opposed to Euthanasia, says that “in the vast majority of euthanasia cases , what the patient is actually asking for is something else. They may want a health p

44、rofessional to open up communication for them with their loved ones or familytheres nearly always another question behind the question.“ Britain also has a strong tradition of hospicesspecial hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of the National

45、Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesnt take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people; “Its very easy in s

46、ociety now for the elderly, the disabled (伤残的) and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt(脱离) out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable (脆弱的).“ Many find this prohibition of an individuals r

47、ight to the paternalistic (家长式的). Although they agree that life is important and should be respected, they feel that the quality of life should not be ignored. Dr. Van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right to choose for themselves if they want to die: “What those people who oppose eu

48、thanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right. And that when people are very ill, we are all afraid of their death. But there are situations where death is a friend. And in those cases, why not?“ But “why not?“ is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees Van

49、 Vendels death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend; his wife had only her husbands interests at heart. Some, however, would argue that it would be dangerous to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patients would receive such a high level of individual care and attention. （分数：-1.00）(1).Who is against euthanasia?（分数：-0.20）A.Dr. Wifred Van Oijen.B.Dr. Andrew Ferguson.C.Cicely Saunders.D.Both B and C.(2).According to the guidelines introduce