剑桥商务英语中级-70及答案解析.doc

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1、剑桥商务英语中级-70 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：7.00)A MicrocomputerA microcomputer is a desktop or notebook size computing device that uses a microprocessor as its Central Processing Unit, or CPU. Microcomputers are also called Personal Computers (PCs), home compu

2、ters, small business computers, and micros. The smallest, most compact are called laptops. When they first appeared, they were considered single user devices, and they were capable of handling only four, eight, or 16 bits of information at one time. More recently the distinction between microcompute

3、rs and large, mainframe computers (as well as the smaller mainframe type systems called minicomputers) has become blurred, as newer microcomputer models have increased the speed and data handling capabilities of their CPUs into the 256 bit. or even much more bit multi-user range.B MinicomputerA mini

4、computer is a mid-level computer built to perform complex computations while dealing efficiently with a high level of input and output from users connected via terminals Minicomputers also frequently connect to other minicomputers on a network and distribute processing among all the attached machine

5、s. Minicomputers are used heavily in transaction processing applications and as interfaces between mainframe computer systems and wide area networks.C Mainframe ComputerA mainframe computer is a high level computer designed for the most intensive computational tasks. Mainframe computers are often sh

6、ared by multiple users connected to the computer via terminals. The most powerful mainframes, called supercomputers, perform highly complex and time consuming computations and are used heavily in both pure and applied research by scientists, large businesses, and the military.D SupercomputerIn compu

7、ter science, supercomputers are large, extremely fast, and expensive computers used for complex or sophisticated calculations. Typically they are machines capable of pipelining instruction execution and providing vector instructions. A supercomputer can, for example, perform an enormous number of ca

8、lculations required to draw and animate a moving spaceship in a motion picture. Supercomputers are also used for weather forecasting, large scale scientific modeling and oil exploration and so on and so like.（分数：7.00）(1).They are often used for jobs like engineering design and testing, serious decry

9、ption, economic forecasting, etc.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Many public schools now employ the devices for programmed learning and computer literacy courses.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Computers are designed for use in homes, schools, and office settings.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).They efficiently deal with a high level

10、of input and output from different users.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).They are used for jobs that take massive amounts of calculating（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).They are usually used in transaction processing applications.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).They are often shared by many users connected to the computer.（分数：1.00）填空项

11、1:_三、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A CONDENSED EMPLOYEE LIFE CYCLEAn employee life cycle is the steps the employees go through from the time they enter a company until they leave. Often Human Resources professionals focus their attention on the steps in this process in hopes of making an impact on the comp

12、anys bottom line. That is a good thing for them to do. Their goal is to reduce the companys cost per employee hired.Employees are one of a companys largest expenses these days. Unlike other major capital costs (buildings, machinery, technology, etc.) human capital is highly volatile. You, as a manag

13、er, are in a key position to reduce that volatility using the condensed employee life cycle of HIAR (pronounced hire) Hire, Inspire, Admire, and Retire.Hire: This first step is probably the most important. It is important to hire the best people you can find. (8) The cost of replacing a bad hire far

14、 exceeds the marginal additional cost of hiring the best person in the first place.Inspire. Once you have recruited the best employees to come to work on your team, the hard part begins. You have to inspire them to perform to their capabilities. (9) That is where you will get their best effort and t

15、heir creativity which will help your organization excel.Admire. Once you have hired the best employees and have challenged and motivated them, you cannot relax. (10) The same attention you should pay to their work assignments, to their satisfaction levels, to their sense of being part of a great tea

16、m needs to continue for as long as they are in your group. As soon as you start to slack off, their satisfaction and motivation will decrease. If you dont do something, they will become disenchanted and will leave. They will become part of the “employee turnover“ statistic you were trying to avoid.R

17、etire: This is when you know have been successful. When employees see your company as the employer of choice, they will join you. (11) As long as you continue to inspire, motivate, and challenge them, they will continue to contribute at the high levels you need in order to beat your competition. The

18、y will be long-term employees even staying with you and your company until they retire. (12) You will attract and retain second and even third generation employees. AThis is not a time to be cheap. BWhen they recognize you as a good boss and a real leader, they will stay around. CTo the extent that

19、you can be a good boss, you can keep employees, keep them happy, and reduce the costs associated with employee turnover. DTheir goal is to reduce the companys cost per employee hired. EThe biggest mistake a manager can make is to ignore employees. FYou have to challenge and motivate them. GThey will

20、 refer other quality employees to your company, including their relatives.（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Problems Potential Exporters Are FacingMany firms fail to succeed, because when they begin exporting they have not researched the target markets or develop

21、ed an international marketing plum. To be successful, a firm must clearly define its goals, objectives and potential problems. Secondly, it must develop a definitive plan to accomplish its objectives, regardless of the problems involved. Unless the firm is fortunate enough to possess a staff with co

22、nsiderable expertise. It may not be able to take this crucial first step without qualified outside guidance.Often top management is not committed enough to overcome the initial difficulties and financial requirements of exporting. It can often take more time and effort to establish a firm in a forei

23、gn market than in the domestic one. Although the early delays and costs involved in exporting may seem difficult to justify when compared to established domestic trade, the exporter should take a more objective view of this process and carefully monitor international marketing efforts through these

24、early difficulties. If a good foundation is laid for export business, the benefits derived should eventually outweigh the investment.Another problem area is in the selection of the foreign distributor. The complications involved in overseas communications and transportation require international dis

25、tributors to act with greater independence than their domestic counterparts. Also, since a new exporters trademarks and reputation are usually unknown in the foreign market, foreign customers may buy on the strength of the distributing agents reputation. A firm should therefore conduct a thorough ev

26、aluation of the distributors facilities, the personnel handling its account, and the management methods employed.Another common difficulty for the new exporter is the neglect of the export market once the domestic one booms, too many companies only concentrate on exporting when there is a recession.

27、 Others may refuse to modify products to meet the regulations or cultural preferences of other countries. Local safety regulations cannot be ignored by exporters. If necessary modifications are not made at the factory, the distributor must make them, usually at a greater cost and probably not as sat

28、isfactorily. It should also be noted that the resulting smaller profit margin makes the account less attractive.If exporters expect distributing agents to actively promote their accounts, they must be trained, and their performance continually monitored. This requires a company marketing executive t

29、o be located permanently in the distributors geographical region. It is therefore advisable for new exporters to concentrate their efforts in a few geographical areas until there is sufficient business to support a company representative. The distributor should also be treated on an equal basis with

30、 domestic counterparts. For example, special discount offers, sales incentive programmes and special credit terms should be available.Considering a joint-venture or licensing agreement is another option for new exporters. However, many companies still dismiss international marketing as unviable. The

31、re are a number of reasons for this. There may be import restrictions in the target market, the company may lack sufficient financial resources, or its product line may be too limited. Yet, many products that can compete on a national basis can be successful in the majority of world markets. In gene

32、ral, all that is needed for success is flexibility in using the proper combinations of marketing techniques.（分数：6.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the writer suggests that firms thinking about exporting should（分数：1.00）A.get professional advice.B.study international marketing.C.identify the most profit

33、able markets.D.have different objectives to other exporters.(2).The writer believes that if sufficient preparation is undertaken（分数：1.00）A.initial difficulties can be easily avoided.B.the costs can be recovered quite quickly.C.management will become more committed.D.the exporter will be successful i

34、n the long term.(3).An exporter should choose a distributor who（分数：1.00）A.has experienced personnel.B.has good communication skills.C.is well-established in the target market.D.is not financially dependent on the import business.(4).New exporters often make the mistake of ignoring the export market

35、when（分数：1.00）A.distribution costs are too high.B.their product is selling well at home.C.there is a global economic recession.D.distributors cannot make safety modifications.(5).For a distributor to be successful, the exporter must（分数：1.00）A.focus on one particular region.B.finance local advertising

36、 campaigns.C.give the same support as to domestic agents.D.make sure there are sufficient marketing staff locally.(6).In the last paragraph, the writer states that some companies are reluctant to export because（分数：1.00）A.there is little demand for their products.B.the importation of certain goods is

37、 controlled.C.they do not have good marketing techniques.D.they are not able to compete with local businesses.五、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：15.00)When is a low-cost airline not a no-frills airline? When it adds frills, business travellers who have taken enthusiastically to value-for-money air (19) are now be

38、ing offered packages more commonly associated with mainstream airlines.To date, the attraction of no-frills airlines has been based on price; forget the more convenient departure points, creature comforts or ease of (20) . Easyjet, Ryanair and Debonair have all undercut leading carriers by as (21) a

39、s 70 per cent on high volume routes.However, in the wake of increased competition and aggressive price-cutting from mainstream airlines such as KLM UK, three no-frills airlines are changing tack. Virgin Express is (22) legroom and is contemplating the (23) of a frequent-flyer programme; Go, owned by

40、 British Airways, is wooing the business traveller; and Debonair is introducing a business class section next week.Debonair, based at Luton Airport, north of London, was launched just over two years ago and went into (24) for the first time this summer. Even when it started, it (25) itself slightly

41、apart from its low-cost competitors by offering more seat comfort, a drink in-flight and a (20) frequent-flyer scheme.Debonairs business class, called ABC, will give (27) more privacy during the flight, a fully-refundable, flexible ticket, a free bar, a snack and a dedicated check in desk. Yet the (

42、28) will remain as much as 40 per cent below the average business class ticket price.Other low-cost airlines, however, are standing (29) Even so, Easyjet, which markets itself on lowest price, no catering and direct sell, has now introduced a 10 (30) to allow its passengers to (31) from one Easyjet

43、flight to another. This is effectively a concession to the business traveller, who needs more flexibility.Attempts by Virgin Express, Go and Debonair to move upmarket are being (32) by some as the beginning of a consolidation in the sector. With so much (33) on price, it seems likely that some playe

44、rs in the low-cost airline business will fail to survive.（分数：15.00）A.journeyB.travelC.tourD.tripA.schedulingB.planningC.settingD.travelingA.manyB.fewC.moreD.muchA.decreasingB.increasingC.extendingD.diminishingA.setB.issueC.launchD.makeA.profitB.benefitC.earningD.gainA.takeB.putC.layD.setA.complicate

45、dB.tenseC.simpleD.plainA.travelerB.passengersC.customerD.tourerA.feeB.fareC.tollD.paymentA.stiffB.straightC.firmD.asideA.chargeB.billC.priceD.orderA.moveB.goC.changeD.transferA.consideredB.regardedC.viewedD.thoughtA.competitionB.rivalshipC.contrastD.contest六、PART FIVE(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Milair Letter of

46、 ApologyDear Customer,Over the last two years, Milair has been experienced unprecedented growth. While we aredelighted at the increasing popularity of our products, this success has brought with34it some problems. Even though with over 450 trained customer service staff, our telephone35answering sta

47、ndards have fallen on a number of occasions, particularly during July and36August. The vast majority of our customers have continued so to receive a good quality of37service, but some have experienced by a service well short of their, and our. expectations.38As a result, we speed up our recruitment

48、programmed to have the39more people available40to take your calls. We are also making much greater use of automated telephone technology.41As Managing Director of Milair, I want to take this opportunity to contact those of you42who have been affected and for assure you that my colleagues and I are dedicated to43delivering the highest possible standard of a service. I am confident that the steps we are44taking in will help us to do this, and apologize for any inconvenience caused.45Your sincerely（分数：12.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空