剑桥商务英语中级-64及答案解析.doc

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1、剑桥商务英语中级-64 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BREADING/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)PART ONELook at the statements below and the information on relationship banking on the opposite page.Which section (A, B, C, or D) does each statement I-7 refer to?For each statement 1-7, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answe

2、r Sheet.You will need to use some of these letters more than once.AOne of the more discernible trends in the financial-service industry in recent times has been the adoption of programs designed to encourage more personalized relationships between an institutions employees and its clients, particula

3、rly those clients who are major depositors. The expression most commonly used to describe this type of program is “relationship banking“.BIn relationship banking the emphasis is on establishing a long-term multiple-service relationship; on satisfying the totality of the clients financial-service nee

4、ds; on minimizing the needs or desires of clients to splinter their financial business among various institutions.CImplicit within any definition of relationship banking is recognition that the financial-service requirements of one individual or relatively homogeneous group will likely be substantia

5、lly different from those of another individual or group. A successful relationship banking program is, therefore, dependent in a large part on the development of a series of financial-service “packages“, each designed to meet the needs of identifiable homogeneous groups.DAnother dimension of relatio

6、nship banking is the development of highly personalized relationships between employee and client. In most financial institutions today the client is serviced by an employee who happens to be free at the time, regardless of the nature of the transaction. Personalized relationships are therefore diff

7、icult to establish. In a full relationship banking program, however, the client knows there is one individual within the institution who has intimate knowledge of the clients requirements and preferences regarding complex transactions.（分数：7.00）(1).All kinds of financial needs are met in relationship

8、 banking system.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Employees in relationship banking are dealing with different businesses respectively.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Banking is becoming more personal, which is easily recognized.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The necessary first step in instituting relationship bank is recognizing the

9、special needs of groups and individuals.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).One of the main aims of this type of banking is to encourage clients to keep all their business with a single bank.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The relationship banking programs have already been used.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).A client may develop a high

10、level of confidence in certain employee.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、BPART TWO/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Read the article below about macroeconomic policies.Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.Do not use any letter more th

11、an once.BMACROECONOMIC POLICIES/BFor most countries, the following four principal objectives of economic policy would apply: (1) Maintenance of employment at a high level. (2) Stable prices. (3) Economic growth. (4) Balance of payments equilibrium. These objectives are sometimes extremely difficult

12、to achieve. A high level of employment, for example, tended to push wages and hence prices up. It also created an imbalance between exports and imports. Furthermore the competition among firms for labor tended to reduce labor productivity since workers were not always fully employed.Government will

13、differ in the emphasis they place on each of the above objectives. U(8) /U. At times when inflation was high, great stress was placed on bringing it down, but this had severe effects on jobs and on economic growth. The pursuit of an expansionary policy very often resulted in an increase in GDP and a

14、 fall in the level of unemployment; but was accompanied by a marked rise in the rate of inflation and a serious balance of payments deficit.In carrying out its economic policy, the government uses two principal means-fiscal policy and monetary policy. U(9) /U Monetary policy is broadly neutral in it

15、s effects whilst fiscal and other measures can be used more discriminately-the redistribution of incomes and lower rates of corporation tax for small businesses are two examples.Government regulation of the money supply is important for economic stability. Banks will wish to keep excess reserves whe

16、n they do not foresee profitable and secure opportunities to make loans. This is likely to happen during the downswing and around the bottom of a business contraction. U(10) /UDuring a recession, profit-oriented banks tend to reduce the money supply by increasing their excessive reserves if the cent

17、ral banks did not intervene. U(11) /U.On the other hand, banks will want to squeeze possible money supply out of any given amount of cash reserves by keeping their reserves at the bare minimum when the demand for bank loans is buoyant, profits are high, and many investments suddenly start to look pr

18、ofitable. U(12) /U The authorities must intervene to prevent this. The monetary authorities can exercise monetary control in two ways: either they can attempt to control interest (i. e. the price of money) or they can endeavor to control the money supply.A Fiscal policy is concerned with taxation, s

19、ubsidies and government spending; monetary policy, in contrast, is concerned with interest rates, the money supply and bank lending.B As the money supply is an important influence on aggregate demand such a contraction of money supply would exacerbate the severity of the recession.C This reduced inc

20、entive to hold excess reserves in prosperous times means that during an economic boom, the behavior of profit-oriented banks is likely to make the money supply expand, adding undesirable momentum to the booming economy and paving the way for a burst of inflation.D These objectives are sometimes extr

21、emely difficult to achieve.E When this occurs, the prosperity of banks to hold excess reserves will turn the money creation process into one of the money destruction.F For many years the main emphasis was on employment and balance of payments, but this adversely affected the pursuit of stable prices

22、 and economic growth.G When adopting monetary policy, the central bank usually takes action to change the equilibrium of the money market, that is, to alter the money supply, move the interest rate, or do both.（分数：5.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BPART THREE/B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Rea

23、d the article below about the difficulties of managing a small business, and the questions on the opposite page.For each question 1318, mark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.BTHE DIFFICULTIES OF MANAGING A SMALL BUSINESS/B“The organizational weaknesses that e

24、ntrepreneurs have to deal with every day would cause the managers of a mature company to panic.“ Andrew Bidden wrote recently in Boston Business Review. This seems to suggest that the leaders of entrepreneurial or small businesses must be unlike other managers, or the problems faced by such leaders

25、must be the subject of a specialized body of wisdom, or possibly both. Unfortunately, neither is true. Not much worth reading about managing the entrepreneurial or small businesses has been written, and the leaders of such businesses are made of flesh and blood, like the rest of us.Furthermore, litt

26、le has been done to address the aspects of entrepreneurial or small businesses that are so difficult to deal with and so different from the challenges faced by management in big businesses. In part this is because those involved in gathering expertise about businesses and in selling advice to busine

27、sses have historically been more interested in the needs of big business. In part, in the UK at least, it is also because small businesses have always preferred to adapt to changing circumstances.The organizational problems of entrepreneurial or small businesses are thus forced upon the individuals

28、who lead them. Even more so than for bigger businesses, the old saying is true-that people, particularly those who make the important decisions, are business most important asset. The research that does exist shows that neither money nor the ability to access more of it is the major factor determini

29、ng growth. The main reason an entrepreneurial business stops growing is the lack of management and leadership resource available to the business when it matters. Give an entrepreneur an experienced, skilled team and he or she will find the funds every time. Getting the team, though, is the difficult

30、 bit. Part of the problem for entrepreneurs is the speed of change that affects their businesses. They have to cope with continuous change yet have always been suspicious about the latest management solution. They regard the many offerings from business schools as out of date even before they leave

31、the planning board and have little faith in the recommendations of consultants when they arrive in the hands of young, inexperienced graduates. But such impatience with management solutions does not mean that problems can be left to solve themselves. However, the leaders of growing businesses are st

32、ill left with the problem of who to turn to for advice.The answer is horribly simple: leaders of small businesses can ask each other. The collective knowledge of a group of leaders can prove to be enormously helpful in solving the specific problems of individuals. One leaders problems have certainly

33、 been solved already by someone else. There is an organization called KITE which enables those responsible for small businesses to meet. Its members, all of whom are chief executives, go through a demanding selection process, and then join a small group of other chief executives. They come from a ra

34、nge of business sectors and each offers a different corporate history. Each group is led by a moderator, an independently selected businessman or businesswoman who has been specially trained to head the group. Each member takes it in turn to host a meeting at his or her business premises and, most i

35、mportant of all, group discussions are kept strictly confidential. This encourages a free sharing of problems and increases the possibility of solutions being discovered.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the writer say about entrepreneurs in the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.It is wrong to assume that they are di

36、fferent from other managers.B.The problems they have to cope with are specific to small businesses.C.They find it difficult to attract staffs with sufficient expertise.D.They could learn from the organizational skills of managers in large companies.(2).According to the second paragraph, what has led

37、 to a lack of support for entrepreneurs?（分数：1.00）A.Entrepreneurs have always preferred to act independently.B.The requirements of big businesses have always taken priority.C.It is difficult to find solutions to the problems faced by entrepreneurs.D.Entrepreneurs are reluctant to provide information

38、about their businesses.(3).What does the writer say about the expansion of small businesses?（分数：1.00）A.Many small businesses do not produce enough profits to finance growth.B.Many employees in small businesses have problems working as part of a team.C.Being able to recruit the right people is the mo

39、st important factor affecting growth.D.Leaders of small businesses lack the experience to make their companies a success.(4).What does the writer say is an additional problem for entrepreneurs in the fourth paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.They rely on management systems that are out of date.B.They will not ado

40、pt measures that provide long-term solutions.C.They have little confidence in the business advice that is available.D.They do not take market changes into account when drawing up business plans.(5).What does the writer say the members of the KITE organization provide?（分数：1.00）A.Advice on how to sele

41、ct suitable staff.B.A means of contacting potential clients.C.A simple checklist for analyzing problems.D.Direct experience of a number of industries.(6).The writer says that KITE groups are likely to succeed because _.（分数：1.00）A.members are able to elect their leaderB.the leaders have received exte

42、nsive trainingC.members are encouraged to adopt a critical approachD.information is not passed on to non-members四、BPART FOUR/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Read the article below about robots at work.Choose the best word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D on the opposite page.For each question 19-33, m

43、ark one letter (A, B, C, or D) on your Answer Sheet.BRobots at Work/BThe newspaper production process has come a long way from the old days when the paper was written, edited, typeset and ultimately printed in one building with the journalists working on the upper floors and the printing U(19) /U go

44、ing on the ground floor. These days the editors, sub-editors and journalists who put the paper together are U(20) /U to find themselves in a totally different building or maybe even in a different city. This is the U(21) /U which now prevails in Sydney. The daily paper is complied at the editorial h

45、eadquarters, known as the pre-press centre, in the heart of the city but printed far away in the suburbs at the printing centre. Her human beings are in the U(22) /U as much of the work is done by automated machines controlled by computers. U(23) /U the finished newspaper has been created for the ne

46、xt mornings edition, all the pages are U(24) /U electronically from pre-press centre to the printing centre. The system of transmission is an update on the sophisticated page facsimile system already in use on many U(25) /U newspapers. An image-setter at the printing centre delivers the pages as fil

47、ms. Each page U(26) /U less than one minute to produce, although for color pages four versions are used, one each for black, cyan, magenta and yellow. The pages are then processed into photographic negatives and the film is used to produce aluminum printing plates U(27) /U for the presses.A processi

48、on of automated vehicles is busy at the new printing centre where the Sydney Morning Herald is printed each day. With U(28) /U flashing and warning horns honking, the robots look for all the world like enthusiastic machines from a science-fiction movie, as they follow their random paths around the U(29) /U busily getting on with their jobs. Automation of this kind is now U(30) /U in all modern newspaper plants. The robots can U(31) /U unauthorized personnel and