剑桥商务英语中级-163及答案解析.doc
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1、剑桥商务英语中级-163 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、READING(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数:1,分数:7.00)AThe difference between being a manager and being a leader is simple. Management is a career. Leadership is a calling. You dont have to be tall, well-spoken and good looking to be a successful leader. You dont h
2、ave to have that “special something“ to fulfill the leadership role.BWhat you have to have is clearly defined convictions-and, more importantly, the courage of your convictions to see them manifest into reality. Only when you understand your role as guide and steward based on your own moat deeply he
3、ld truths can you move from manager to leader.CWhether the group you oversee is called employees, associates, co-workers, teammates or anything else, what they are looking for is someone in whom they can place their trust. Someone they know is working for the greater good-for them and for the organi
4、zation. Theyre looking for someone not only that they can-but that they want to-follow.DBecause it is only when you have followers-people who have placed their trust in you-that you know you have moved into that leadership role. And the way you see it is that your organization is transcending all pr
5、evious quality, productivity, innovation and revenue achievements. Youre operating at such a high level of efficiency that youre giving budget back to the corporation-and youre still beating your goals.(分数:7.00)(1).The authors attitude towards the difference between a manager and a leader.(分数:1.00)填
6、空项 1:_(2).Someone the group want to follow.(分数:1.00)填空项 1:_(3).Difference between a manager and a leader.(分数:1.00)填空项 1:_(4).The qualifications of being a leader.(分数:1.00)填空项 1:_(5).The leader must be a person who works for the employees and the organization.(分数:1.00)填空项 1:_(6).Only when you have fo
7、llowers can you be a leader.(分数:1.00)填空项 1:_(7).Under your leading, the organization has got great achievements.(分数:1.00)填空项 1:_三、PART TWO(总题数:1,分数:5.00)Strong playersVideo games let you escape into an alternative reality - something gaming firms know about at first hand. For as other technology fir
8、ms face stagnant or shrinking markets, the video-games industry seems to inhabit a parallel universe. It has had a bumper year, maybe the best it ever will. Global sales of games software and hardware will exceed $31 billion this year. This summer, UBS Warburg invested 17% of its model technology po
9、rtfolio in two games publishers, Electronic Arts and Activision. Gaming, it seems, is recession-proof.The industry is booming because it has its own cycle, as one generation of hardware succeeds another every few years. (8) Games consoles are flying off the shelves. The current line-up is of Sonys P
10、layStation2, the market leader by far, plus Microsofts Xbox and Nintendos GameCube, which are fighting for a distant second place.Each gaming boom is bigger than the last. Children who have grown up with games keep on playing, which expands the market. It also increases the players average age: the
11、average American gamer is 28. (9) This shift is reflected in the rise of “mature“-rated games, which now account for 13% of the American market, up from 6% in 2001.(10) Many observers are optimistic about the prospects for games sales next year, particularly in America. But the figures suggest that
12、2002 was the peak of the cycle, and that the market will shrink next year. Other observers expect console sales to grow only slightly next year.Things will then cool off until the next generation of consoles appears in 2005. The next peak is not expected until 2007. (11) Both are dwarfed by console
13、gaming at the moment, but are the focus of much activity, and could provide recurring revenues to help smooth out the industrys cyclical nature.Online gaming has got off to a small but promising start in recent weeks with the release of adaptors that link consoles over the Internet. In America, Micr
14、osoft sold 150,000 starter kits for its “Xbox Live“ service within a week of its launch last month. Sony says it has signed up 175,000 subscribers to its rival online service, launched in August. Both services will launch in Europe next year.Gaming on mobile phones is also taking small but crucial s
15、teps forward. Todays phones mostly have one or two simple games built in. The latest handsets have colour screens and can download software remotely. (12) Games take roughly a minute to download, but adding one to a handset is almost as easy as downloading a new ringing tone or screen logo. It is pr
16、edicted that mobile-gaming revenues will reach $3.5 billion in the next five years; other estimates are higher.A Older players tend to have more disposable income to spend on games than do teenagers.B Their processing power matches that of the arcade-game machines of the 1980s, so classic games run
17、well.C But how much longer will the good times last?D That cycle, unrelated to the broader economic cycle, is now at or near its peak.E But the industry has two new tricks up its sleeve, in the form of online and mobile gaming.F They are so wisely designed that they can be connected to any game mach
18、ines.G It has had a bumper year, maybe the best it ever will.(分数:5.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、PART THREE(总题数:1,分数:6.00)Reasons for International TradeForeign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every nation wants the opportunity to export its good
19、s and services to other countries. A foreign outlet for sales enables a manufacturer or distributor to increase the volume of his business activity, thus increasing his chance to make a profit and increasing employment opportunities. Every nation also wants the opportunity and privilege of buying fr
20、om foreign countries products and services that are scarce or unavailable at home that would be useful and beneficial to its people.Trading with other countries is not the same as trading within ones own country. At home a company or a bank is familiar with its own people, laws, and business practic
21、es. At abroad the picture becomes a complex one. Each country is different and therefore is said to carry different risks. Political risks, for example, relate to such varied factors as treaties, war, import quotas, and foreign exchange restrictions.In todays complex economic world, neither individu
22、als nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilised different economic resources. People have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. So countries that do not have the resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export th
23、em.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. As far as the United States is concerned, it enjoys the most favourable position and has vast coal and oil reserves, but the United States is also a heavy consumer of nature resources, a
24、nd it is increasingly reliant on certain imports, especially on oil. It consumes more than it can produce at home.If one nation can sell some items at a lower cost, the other countries would buy them. Japan. a highly industrialised nation, has been able to export large quantities of automobiles beca
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