剑桥商务英语高级-60及答案解析.doc

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1、剑桥商务英语高级-60 及答案解析(总分：99.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：8.00)A Globalisation is an umbrella term for a complex series of economic, social, technological, cultural and political changes seen as increasing interdependence, integration and interaction between people and compan

2、ies in disparate locations. As a term, “globalisation“ has been used as early as 1944 but economists began applying it around 1982. Theodore Levitt is usually credited with its coining through the article he wrote in 1983 for the Harvard Business Review entitled “Globalisation of Markets“. The more

3、encompassing phenomenon has been perceived in the context of sociological study on a worldwide scale. B Inflation risk is whether a rate of return or an investment keeps up with the rate of inflation. For example, if there is 4 percent inflation over the year, you must have 4 percent more money at t

4、he end of the year than at the beginning of the year to buy the same amount of goods and services. That means your stock need to go up in value more than 4 percent to earn a return on your investment. Stocks have generally done very well in this category. C A Low-Carbon Economy (LCE) is an economy w

5、hich has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Recently, most of scientific and public opinion has come to the conclusion that there is such an accumulation of CHGs (especially CO 2 ) in the atmosphere due

6、 to anthropogenic causes, that the climate is changing. The over-concentrations of these gases is producing global warming that affects long-term climate, with negative impacts on humanity in the foreseeable future. Globally implemented LCE“s therefore, are proposed as a means to avoid catastrophic

7、climate change, and as a precursor to the more advanced, zero-carbon society and renewable-energy economy. D A web search engine, which is commonly named as “a search engine“, is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. The search results are usually presented in a list of results a

8、nd are commonly called hits. The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike Web directories, which are maintained by human editors, search engines operate algorithmically or

9、 are a mixture of algorithmic and human input. E Cultural tourism (also called culture tourism or cultural heritage tourism) is the subset of tourism concerned with a country or region“s culture, specifically the lifestyle of the people in those geographical areas, the history of those peoples, thei

10、r art, architecture, religion, and other elements that help shape their way of life. Cultural tourism includes tourism in urban areas, particularly historic or large cities and their cultural facilities such as museums and theatres. It can also include tourism in rural areas showcasing the tradition

11、s of indigenous cultural communities (i. e. festivals, rituals), and their values and lifestyle.（分数：8.00）(1).This term is sometimes used to describe the pursuit of free market policies in the world economy.（分数：1.00）(2).This term reflects a stock“s sensibility to unexpected changes in the inflation r

12、ate.（分数：1.00）(3).This term is also referred to as Low-Fossil-Fuel Economy which is proposed to cope with climate change.（分数：1.00）(4).This term was first used in economic field 38 years later than it had been first presented.（分数：1.00）(5).This term refers to a tool used for searching on the Internet.（

13、分数：1.00）(6).This term has been presented to describe a popular form of entertainment for the global public.（分数：1.00）(7).This term has been presented with the purpose of protecting the global environment.（分数：1.00）(8).This term has been used in a limited sphere, and people who don“t use or have never

14、used the Internet don“t benefit from it.（分数：1.00）三、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：6.00)How to Find Your Affiliate Niche MarketProfiting from your affiliate niches. Finding your own profitable niche online is where most aspiring affiliates get stuck, and it can often take months on end to find a niche that will g

15、ive you a favourable return on investment. 1 1. Pick on a broad category of ideas, which could be green energy, affiliate marketing, relationships, general shopping, or sports, etc. 2 2. Think about the subsets that lie within the broad category you picked on above. For example, if you chose the rel

16、ationship market, think about people who are just starting to date, 3 3. Pick on an item to sell that belongs to one of the subsets you just identified above. 4. Continue brainstorming and finding out specific details about the people that might belong to any of the subsets you picked on above. For

17、example people who have just broken up in reality still want their partner back or would be more than willing to make up or buy products that help them understand why their partner broke up in the first place. 4 5. Next step is to determine the profit potential of the keywords you think these people

18、 will be using when looking for solutions online. 5 The results that are returned will show you exactly how many websites are competing for that keyword, the lower the figure the better, also pay attention to the advertisements being run at the top and left hand sides, the fewer the better for you.

19、In summary that is how you find your affiliate niche market online. 6 A. Those are the basic rules, finding lucrative niches, however, requires more strategies and techniques that you can find by visiting the number one place to learn about affiliate niche marketing. B. is very possible if you truly

20、 understand the enormous potential that exists with knowing the correct niches to get into. C. Skin this broad category till you get to a segment of what you started with. D. Finding your own niche though is not entirely impossible, there are guidelines for finding niches and if followed correctly w

21、ill get you results. E. The easy way to do this is using quotes when entering the keyword into Google. F. If you understand this then you are moments away from your ideal customers. G. those who are breaking up, those who are not comfortable with the other partner or those that want to make the rela

22、tionship better. H. Niche marketing is an extremely powerful concept that has the potential to change affiliate income levels.（分数：6.00）四、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Forms of Business OwnershipA business may have a small beginning as a sole proprietorship, later expand into a partnership, and finally be

23、come a corporation. Many corporate giants started as sole proprietoriships. Sole Proprietorships The oldest, most common form of private business ownership is the sole proprietorship. A sole proprietorship is a business owned and managed by one individual. That person may receive help from others in

24、 operating the business but is the only boss; the sole proprietor is the company. Typically the sole proprietor owns a small service or retail operation, such as a roadside produce stand, hardware store, bakery, or restaurant. The sole owner, often sided by one or two employees, operates a small sho

25、p that often supplies goods to a group of regular customers. The capital (money) needed to start and operate the business is normally provided by the owner through personal wealth or borrowed money. The sole proprietor is usually an active manager, working in the ship every day. He or she controls t

26、he operations, supervises the employees, and makes the decisions. The managerial ability of the owner usually accounts for the success or failure of the business. Many people desire to be their own boss. A sole proprietorship accomplishes this goal; it has other advantages as well. Sole proprietorsh

27、ip is the easiest way to start a business. The sole owner has all profits earned or losses by operation. Another advantage of the proprietorship is that the business pays no income tax. It is also easy to close a business. A sole proprietorship also has disadvantages, for example, unlimited liabilit

28、y, difficulty in raising capital, limitations in managerial ability, demands on time, difficulty in hiring and keeping high achievement employees, and etc. Partnerships There are three major types of partnerships. A general partnership is a business with at least one general partner who has unlimite

29、d liability for the debts of the business. A limited partnership has at least one or more limited partners. The joint venture is a special type of partnership established to carry out a special project or to operate for a specific time period. The advantages of a partnership include the following: m

30、ore capital, combined managerial skills, ease of starting, tax advantages. and etc. The disadvantages of a partnership include the following: unlimited liability, disagreements among partners, investment withdrawal difficulty, limited capital and etc. Corporations Some industries, such as automobile

31、 manufacturing, computer manufacturing, oil refining, and natural gas production, require millions of dollars to operate a business. Typically such vast sums of money are put together by attracting many investors. The unincorporated forms of business-the proprietorship and the partnership do not att

32、ract investors who do not want to make decisions or to be actually involved in managing the firm. The corporation, by contrast, provides a form of business ownership in which owners spread over a wide geographical area can hire professional managers to operate the business. It has the legal rights o

33、f an individual: it can own property, purchase goods and services, and sue other persons or corporations. The advantages of a corporation include the following: limited liability, skilled management team, transfer of ownership, greater capital base, and etc. the disadvantages of a corporation includ

34、e the following: difficulty and expenses of starting, lack of control right to the operation, government involvement, lack of personal interest, double taxation, credit limitations.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following is not true about the sole proprietorship?（分数：1.00）A.It has more than one boss.B.It

35、 is usually a small service or retail operation.C.It is a business owned and managed by one person.D.It is a company.(2).The advantages of the sole proprietorship include the following except（分数：1.00）A.being their own boss, easy to close a business and demanding on timeB.having all profits and losse

36、s, being their own boss and easy to start a businessC.easy to start a business, easy to close a businessD.paying no income tax(3).A limited partnership has（分数：1.00）A.only one general partner.B.only limited number of partners.C.at least one or more unlimited partners and is a subtype of partnership.D

37、.different subtypes, including a general partnership, a limited partnership and an unlimited partnership.(4).The advantages of a partnership include the following except（分数：1.00）A.unlimited liability, investment withdrawal difficulty, more capital.B.unlimited liability, tax advantages and combined m

38、anagerial skills.C.disagreements among partners, investment withdrawal difficulty and limited liability.D.unlimited liability, limited capital and disagreements among partners.(5).Which of the following disadvantages does a corporation have?（分数：1.00）A.It does not attract people who do not want to ma

39、ke decisions of their own or to be actually involved in managing the firm.B.Difficulty in raising capital, limitations in managerial ability and unlimited liability.C.Disagreements among partners, limited capital and limited liability.D.Lack of personal interest, high taxation and credit limitations

40、.(6).Some business such as oil refining and natural gas productions are operated by（分数：1.00）A.sole proprietorships.B.partnerships.C.corporations.D.none of the mentioned three.五、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Capital Controls and Monetary Policy in Developing CountriesThis paper looks at both the theoretic

41、al and empirical literature on capital controls and finds that controls can play an important role in developing countries by helping to insulate them from some of the harmful 1 of volatile and short-term capital flows. The authors look at controls on capital inflows in Malaysia (1989-1995); Colombi

42、a (1993-1998); Chile (1989-1998); and Brazil (1992-1998), and also consider the 2 of Malaysia“s controls on outflows in 1998-2001. They conclude that there is sufficient backing in both economic theory and empirical evidence to consider more widespread 3 of capital controls in order to 4 some of the

43、 macroeconomic problems 5 with short-term capital flows, to enable certain development strategies, and to allow policymakers more flexibility with regard to crucial monetary and exchange rate policies. The paper follows what appears to be a shift in the position of the International Monetary Fund (I

44、MF) towards such controls. In a February paper, the IMF concluded that “there may be 6 in which capital controls are a legitimate 7 of the policy 8 to surges in capital inflows. “ The Fund“s Global Financial Stability Report 9 in April 2010 was less sanguine about capital controls, but the net resul

45、t is that the IMF appears more open to 10 capital controls than in the past.（分数：10.00）A.effectsB.affectsC.influenceD.influencesA.caseB.situationC.studyD.findingA.adaptionB.adoptionC.adaptationD.adeptionA.answerB.replyC.addressD.takeA.concerningB.associatingC.associatedD.relativeA.circumstancesB.cond

46、itionC.occasionsD.environmentA.sectionB.elementC.segmentD.componentA.replyB.answerC.actionD.responseA.releasedB.publishedC.announcedD.issuingA.supportB.favourC.favouringD.supporting六、PART FIVE(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Buying and Selling of SharesThe business of buying and selling shares is done in an area

47、 known the floor. Scattered over the floor are positions called posts. Each post bears the names of the stocks traded at that post. A broker desiring to buy shares of a certain stock will go to the section of the post allotted to that stock. If the prevailing price of the stock is several points 1 f

48、rom the figure the broker is authorized to pay, an order may be left with the specialist, who often acts as liaison 2 buyer and seller. The specialist enters the order in a book; 3 the price is reached, the specialist buys or sells the stock 4 to the orders of the broker and reports the transaction

49、to the buyer and the seller. If the prevailing quotations are close 5 the price the broker is authorized to by, however, he or she usually attempts 6 complete the transaction without recourse to the specialist. As soon as a price is agreed on, both brokers, the buyer and the seller, make a memorandum of the transaction. which is reported 7 the brokerage office at once by telephone. An exchange employee 8 the post where the transaction occurs writes, on a special card. the stock symbol, the number of shares, and the price, and places the card in an optical reader. The photoelectric eye of the