剑桥商务英语高级-5及答案解析.doc

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1、剑桥商务英语高级-5 及答案解析(总分：96.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BREADING/B(总题数：1，分数：8.00)BPART ONE/BBHow to approach Reading Test Part One/B In this part of the Reading Test you match eight statements with five short texts. First read each short text and then read the sentences to see which ones refer to the text. Make sure

2、 you read each text for overall meaning. Do not choose an answer just because you can see the same words in the text, Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from a text about corporate ownership of planes on the opposite page. Which extract (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement 1 - 8

3、refer to? For each sentence 1 - 8, mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet. You will need to use some of these letters more than once.BA/BRegular European business travellers view travelling on commercial airlines as inefficient and inconvenient Mostly it is not the airlines fault but

4、 the infrastructure they have to work with. Private aircraft are being bought primarily not to save money on tickets but to save time. Scheduled flights in Europe cover only 10 per cent of the destinations available. Delays, more likely than not in European travel these days, waste precious time. Th

5、e number of hours top executives with huge salaries waste has a direct impact on cost-effectiveness.BB/BThe gradual completion of Europes single market means that more and more executives are crisscrossing Europe looking for business. With European domestic air fares extremely high, a corporate jet

6、looks more attractive for executives flying three or four times a month. Even some of Europes smaller companies are investigating it. However, the larger European airports operate priority regulations which govern slot allocation for take-off and create delays; airlines have first priority, chartere

7、d flights come second, air taxis third and business jets are fourth on the list. Smaller airports pose problems of access and a risk of inadequate ground handling.BC/BMost businesses will not discuss their corporate aircraft or even reveal whether the already high-earning chief executive has an airc

8、raft, for fear of shareholder reaction. There is still some stigma attached to ownership of a business jet. With new planes costing anything from $5 million upwards plus extra comforts in the interior, many companies feel they cant justify the expense to shareholders and employees. For some European

9、 managers a private jet is seen as an unacceptable perk indicating serious problems in a companys management.BD/BThe market for private aircraft divides into two sectors: the no-expense-spared rich mans plaything - the popular image - and the serious business tool owned by corporations. Manufacturer

10、s deliver the former as what is called a green aircraft - a plane that is unfinished except for a green corrosive-resistant paint which covers the bare metal. Owners personalise the plane with telephones, dining areas and even cinemas. The latter sector is very different and planes are normally boug

11、ht with straightforward seating.BE/BFractional ownership of aircraft has opened up the market, as the low acquisition costs and predictable monthly fees are more palatable to shareholders, and to first-time buyers. Some of the biggest names in the business jet industry have launched their own fracti

12、onal ownership schemes. Several smaller companies are also getting in on the act and are trying to beat the larger companies down the runway by offering cheaper prices. Yet critics claim that fractional ownership is untested and faces the customer with a wide range of liabilities.（分数：8.00）(1).The ex

13、pense of plane ownership is seen as unacceptable by large numbers of people.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Increased business travel is leading to greater interest in plane ownership,（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Company-owned planes are less luxurious than might be expected,（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Rules concerning flights

14、may slow down privately owned travel.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The justification for plane ownership is related to senior management pay levels,（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Plane ownership may be taken as a sign of a business being poorly run.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Competition is increasing among businesses which sel

15、l planes.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Plane ownership enables more rapid access to many places.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、BPART TWO/B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)BHow to approach Reading Test Part Two/B In this part of the Reading Test you read a text with gaps in it, and choose the best sentence to fill each gap from a set of eig

16、ht sentences. First read the text for overall meaning, then go back and look for the best sentence for each gap. Make sure the sentence fits both the meaning and the grammar of the text around the gap. Read the article on the opposite page about management buyouts of companies. Choose the best sente

17、nce from below to fill each of the gaps. For each gap 9 - 14, mark one letter (A - H) on your Answer Sheet. Do not use any letter more than once.BManagement buy-outs/BInvolving staff in management buy-out (MBO) negotiations can help smooth the path for the future Employees are becoming increasingly

18、familiar with the fluctuations and instability that their working environments can present. Its not just mergers and acquisitions that can upset the situation. Internal MBOs can also be particularly unsettling for employees In some cases, the MBO takes place to save an ailing company. In others, it

19、is the result of senior management and board disagreements, or is to prevent a hostile takeover bid.U (9) /UThis insecurity can be very damaging.One of the most important factors, often not considered during the process of an MBO, is the reaction of the workforce, yet it is those employees who more

20、often than not can make or break the future success of any new management team.U (10) /UBy maintaining channels of communication across the floor, new management teams could find the rank and file a useful ally in the bid to take over. Showing those employees that a buy-out could be to their advanta

21、ge, creating new opportunities for promotion or career development, will in the long-term be advantageous to the entire company.The challenge for new management teams should be to reinspire employees.U (11) /UIf the new team doesnt engage old employees in future plans or consider the contribution th

22、ey can make, the idea that the MBO was meant to save everyone is lost. In this situation, long-term employees begin to see the new management team and shareholders as the only beneficiaries in the buy-out and feel in the end that the only people saved are those at the top of the corporate ladder.U (

23、12) /UThis will mean that the rescue will fail before it has really started.It is depressingly common for new MBO teams not to learn from the past.U (13) /UIf the new team can find innovative ways to involve staff actively in various aspects of the buy-out process, the benefits are manifold,U (14) /

24、UA package with such components can gain their support and be invaluable in building success for the venture, and is one that enlightened MBO teams tend to adopt.A Including them in any buy-out discussions can improve the new companys future prospects.B In such circumstances it is easy for the new b

25、oard to make the same mistakes as the old.C Possibilities for realising these include decision-making, setting goals, and offering the chance of a future stake in the new company.D Whatever its origins, those lower down the corporate ranks can often be left out of the equation, wondering what is to

26、become of them.E Nobody benefits if the company fails to meet its objectives.F Yet the new start represents a golden opportunity.G This requirement is particularly relevant when a company has failed or when staff have lost faith in the previous management.H Internal MBOs can also be particularly uns

27、ettling for employees.（分数：6.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BPART THREE/B(总题数：1，分数：6.00)BHow to approach Reading Test Part Three/B In this part of the Reading Test you read a longer text and answer six questions. First read the questions, Try to get an idea of what the te

28、xt will be about. Then read the text for general understanding, Then read the text and questions more carefully, choosing the best answer to each question. Do not choose an answer just because you can see the same words in the text. Read the article on the opposite page about innovation in business

29、and the questions below. For each question 15 - 20, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.Not long ago innovation was The Big Idea in marketing circles. Now, however, its hard to see the benefits of this rush to innovate. Indeed if anything, companies seem to

30、be drawing back from innovation, not charging ahead. But just a few years ago many companies were combining a commitment to create entirely new product categories through innovative technologies - working to hugely ambitious growth targets -with a root-and-branch organisational overhaul designed to

31、free up creativity and speed new product roll-outs.The result was that as resources were shifted away from core businesses, sales and profits faltered, share prices slumped and CEOs were ousted. Now the mantra is a more conservative focus on the top brands, the top retail customers and the top marke

32、ts. Its being rewarded in many cases by healthier share prices. This sustained effort to cut long tails of smaller brands and focus marketing resource on existing leaders seems to be paying off.So were we wrong to pinpoint innovation as key to tong-term market success? Surely not. But we might have

33、underestimated the enormous complexity of this beast. The term innovation may be simple enough but it spans a vast landscape, including the type and degree of innovation, marketing purpose, management process and market circumstance - not all of which are well understood.Take type of innovation. Are

34、 we talking about new products only? Or new processes, new channels, underlying technologies, organisational structures and business models? When should the innovation involve a new brand? Or take degree. Are we aiming for blue-sky inventions that will transform markets and create new categories? Or

35、 marginal tweaks in, say, formulation or packaging that give us an excuse to advertise something New! Improved!? Likewise, is the marketing purpose of the project to steal a march on competitors and drive incremental growth, or to update an obsolete product line and play catch-up to competitors? As

36、one business news editorial complained, innovation is often just simple proliferation of similar products. Then theres process. What is the best way to manage this particular innovation? Is it to employ creative revolutionaries and set them free, or is disciplined risk management, requiring the care

37、ful testing and sifting of options to pick winners, a better approach? In larger organisations, has, senior management really made time spent in cross4unctional teams a recognised element of successful career paths? What time frames (eg payback periods) and degrees of risk is senior management comfo

38、rtable with? And does the organisation have a culture that fits the chosen approach? Does it celebrate failure, for example, or is it actually a risk-averse blame culture (despite what the CEO says in the annual report)?Successful innovation requires clearing two hurdles. First, it needs the right p

39、roject with the right degree of innovation to fit with the right marketing purpose, the right innovation process, corporate culture and market circumstance. Second, it needs senior managers that understand the interplay between these different factors, so that rather than coming together simply by c

40、hance, they are deliberately brought together in different ways to meet different circumstances.Clearing Hurdle Two can happen by accident. Clearing Hurdle One requires real skill We can all point to admirable, inspiring innovations. But how many companies can we point to and say, these people have

41、mastered the art of innovation? Brilliant innovations are a wonderful thing, Expert innovation management is even better and much rarer.（分数：6.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, a few years ago companies（分数：1.00）A.trusted in technology to improve existing products.B.chose to focus heavily on ma

42、rketing activities.C.expected that growth would increase steadily, D.believed they needed to produce new goods.(2).What problem is indicated in the second paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Insufficient attention to brand identity damages company profits.B.A lack of product diversity reduces a companys appeal.C.B

43、usiness leaders are not attracted to slow-performing companies.D.Slow reactions to business trends reduce investors interest.(3).According to the third paragraph, it would be a mistake to（分数：1.00）A.rely on future benefits in business planning.B.deny the benefits of pursuing innovation.C.neglect the

44、importance of strategic issues.D.predict the outcomes of innovations.(4).According to the fourth paragraph, companies should ensure that（分数：1.00）A.their approach to risk management is fully new.B.the progress of an innovation is as speedy as possible.C.their new products are radically different from

45、 competitors.D.the benefits of participating in teamwork are fully acknowledged.(5).What is suggested in the fifth paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.The steps involved in innovation must be tackled in sequence.B.Market forces should be a companys primary consideration,C.The types of innovation sought must be app

46、ropriate to a companyD.Elements of chance should be assumed in decision-making.(6).Doubt is expressed in the final paragraph as to whether（分数：1.00）A.most businesses realise the conditions required for innovation.B.businesses should trust in benefits which they did not predict.C.the majority of busin

47、esses are able to innovate successfullyD.businesses should expect individual staff to generate ideas.四、BPART FOUR/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BHow to approach Reading Test Part Four/B This part of the Reading Test tests your vocabulary. Read the whole text quickly to find out what it is about. As you read, try

48、 to predict the words that might fill the gaps. Look at the four possible answers for each gap and cross out any obviously incorrect words, Then read both before and after each gap to decide which word should go in it. The word needs to fit both the meaning and the grammar After completing all the gaps, read the whole text again to check your answers, Read the text on the opposite page about decision-making. Choose the best wor