公共英语五级-(暂无语音，提供参考)5及答案解析.doc

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1、公共英语五级-(暂无语音，提供参考)5 及答案解析(总分：102.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Aspects That May Facilitate Reading. Determining your purposeA. Reading for (1) _: like reading the latest Harry Potty Novel (1) _B. Reading for information: like reading in a (n) (2) _ of th

2、e library (2) _. Prior knowledgeA. An initial key in helping you (3) _ (3) _what the article will be aboutwhether it will interest youwhether it is familiar to youB. A help for the reader tofind some material easy to understandbuild his or her (4) _ of the new text (4) _. InterestA. providing you wi

3、th an extra (5) _ for reading (5) _B. making you care more about what the author has to say. (6) _ your progress (reading with a pencil) (6) _A. asking questions on headlines and riflesB. noting words you dont understandC. (7) _ ideas you like (7) _. Summarizing the main pointsA. listing the (8) _ o

4、f each paragraph (8) _B. lumping together paragraphs with similar ideasC. putting key ideas into your own wordsD. (9) _ the common thoughts or thread (9) _. Mapping out the essayA. creating a visual representation of the essayB. having a picture of something in your mind in various shapes e.g., list

5、s, diagrams, (10) _ (10) _（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).The interviewees first job was withA. a newspaper. B. the government.C. a construction firm. D. a private company.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The interviewee is not self-e

6、mployed mainly becauseA. his wife likes him to work for a firm.B. he prefers working for the government.C. self-employed work is very demanding.D. self-employed work is sometimes insecure.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).To study architecture in a university one mustA. be interested in arts. B. study pure scien

7、ce first.C. get good exam results. D. be good at drawing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).On the subject of drawing the interviewee says thatA. technically speaking artists draw very well.B. an artists drawing differs little from an architects.C. precision is a vital skill for the architect.D. architects must b

8、e natural artists.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The interviewee says that the job of an architect isA. more theoretical than practical.B. to produce sturdy, well-designed buildings.C. more practical than theoretical.D. to produce attractive, interesting buildings.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.

9、Which of the following statements about the American Defense Department is TRUE?A It has denied the authenticity of the pictures of abused prisoners.B It has supported the decision to stop the publication of the pictures.C It has considered the pictures of abused prisoners unacceptable.D It has been

10、 worrying about the violence incited by the pictures.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).How many people recognized the man in the pictures within 2 days?A 24 . B 3. C 640. D 48.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which one is NOT included in the clue that helped the police identify the man?A His picture. B His apartmen

11、t number.C His pseudonym. D His vita.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).According to news, the West Virginia coal mine disasterA. caused minor injuries. B. was the worst one since 1984.C. was caused by terrorist attack. D. happened in early morning.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The rescue operation has stopped te

12、mporarily becauseA. the weather was bad. B. there was risk of another blast.C. there was another blast. D. no survivor has been found.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that

13、 education protects the mind from the brains physical deterioration.It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shr

14、inkage.“That may seem like bad news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning b

15、egins to break down.The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “reserve“ hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have great

16、er cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cogni

17、tion and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.“Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ Coffey said. “People lose (on average) 2.5 percent per decade starting at adulthood.“There is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs no mental de

18、cline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, educati

19、on level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the

20、 cortical shrinkage.Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the

21、 brain.For example, Coffeys team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling.Of course, achieving a particular education level is not

22、 the definitive measure of someones mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy. for many things“. More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health.But Coffey said that his teams findings suggest that like the body, the

23、brain benefits from exercise. “The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage),“ he said. “My hunch is that we can.“ According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experi

24、ences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.“A hot topic down the road,“ Coffey said, will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline.Just how education might affect brain cells is unknow

25、n. In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.（分数：5.00）(1).According to this passage, all of the following factors could account for brain shrinkage EXCEPT _.A. a

26、ge B. education C. health D. exercise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is true?A. The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every 10 years.B. The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 8 years of education may have increased 17.7 milliliters.C. The cerebrospinal fluid of a person

27、with 16 years of education may increase by 10%.D. The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does Coffey mean, by saying “Education can be a proxy for many things“?A. Education decides the capacity of brain.B. Education is not the only elements that affect brain

28、shrinkage.C. A lot of elements that affect health (including brain shrinkage) can be said to be education.D. More education always means less bad habits.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Coffeys research, the brain may benefit from _.A. running B. playing chess C. swimming D. playing football（分数：1.0

29、0）A.B.C.D.(5).From this passage, we can conclude that _.A. education is beneficial to mental developmentB. education protects the brain from shrinkingC. education has a protective effect against mental declineD. education affects overall brain structures（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The si

30、ngle most shattering statistic about life in America in the late 1990s was that tobacco killed more people than the combined total of those who died from AIDS, car accidents, alcohol, murder, suicide, illegal drugs and fire. The deaths of more than 400, 000 Americans each year, 160, 000 of them from

31、 lung cancer, make a strong case for the prohibition of tobacco, and particularly of cigarettes. The case, backed by solid evidence, has been made in every public arena since the early 1950s, when the first convincing link between smoking and cancer was established in clinical and epidemiological st

32、udiesyet 50 million Americans still go on smoking. tobacco-related illness. It is a remarkable story, clearly told, astonishingly well documented and with a transparent moral motif. Most smokers in America eventually manage to quit, and local laws banning smoking in public have become common, but th

33、e industry prospers. The tobacco companies have survived virtually everything their opponents have thrown at them. At the end of his story, Mr. Brandt writes: “The legal assault on Big Tobacco had been all but repelled. The industry was decidedly intact, ready to do business profitably at home and a

34、broad. “Although the conclusion is not to his liking, Mr. Brandts is the first full and convincing explanation of how they pulled it off. Cigarettes overcame any lingering opposition to the pleasure they gave when American soldiers came to crave them during the World War I. War, says Mr. Brandt, was

35、 “a critical watershed in establishing the cigarette as a dominant product in modern consumer culture. “ Cigarettes were sexy, and the companies poured money into advertising. By 1950 Americans smoked 350 billion cigarettes a year and the industry accounted for 3.5% of consumer spending on non-durab

36、les. The first 50 years of the“cigarette century“were a golden era for Big Tobacco. That was simply because, until the 1940s, not enough men had been smoking for long enough to develop fatal cancers (women did not reach this threshold until the 1970s). The first clinical and epidemiological studies

37、linking eigarette-smoking and lung cancer were published only in 1950. By 1953 the six leading companies had agreed that a collective response was required. They paid handsomely for a public-relations campaign that insistently denied any proof of a causal connection between smoking and cancer. This

38、worked well until 1964, when a devastating report from the surgeon-generals advisory committee in effect ended medical uncertainty about the harmfulness of smoking. But Big Tobacco rode the punches. When the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ruled that health warnings must appear on each pack, the indu

39、stry, consented. But it shrewdly exploited the warning: “In a culture that emphasised individual responsibility, smokers would bear the blame for willful risk-taking,“ notes Mr. Brandt. Many cases for damages against the companies foundered on that rock. Cigarette-makers also marshaled their numerou

40、s allies in Congress to help the passage of a law that bypassed federal agencies such as the FTC, and made Congress itself solely responsible for tobacco regulation. Describing the pervasive influence of tobacco lobbyists, he says: “Legislation from Congress testified to the masterful preparation an

41、d strategic command of the tobacco industry. “ However, the industry was powerless to prevent a flood of damaging internal documents, leaked by insiders. The companies were shown, for instance, to have cynically disregarded evidence from their in-house researchers about the addictive properties of n

42、icotine. Internal papers also showed that extra nicotine was added to cigarettes to guarantee smokers sufficient“ satisfaction“. Despite such public-relations disasters, the industry continued to win judgments, most significantly when the Supreme Court rejected by five votes to four a potentially ca

43、lamitous attack that would have given the Federal Drug Administration the power to regulate tobacco products. The industrys shrewdest move was to defuse a barrage of eases brought by individual states, aiming to reclaim the cost of treating sick smokers. The states in 1998 accepted a settlement of $

44、246 billion over 25 years (the price of a pack rose by 45 cents shortly afterwards). In return, the states agreed to end all claims against the companies. But the settlement tied the state governments to tobaccos purse-strings; they now had an interest in the industrys success. For those who thought

45、 the settlement was akin to“ dancing with the devil“, it appeared in retrospect that the devil had indeed had the best tunes, reports Mr. Brandt. To his credit, he manages to keep his historians hat squarely on his head. But you can feel the anguish.（分数：5.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first two

46、 paragraphs that A Allan Brandt is a writer of great talent for writing. B the tobacco industry was just out of a heavy fine. C most of the Americans died from lung cancer. D the book on a history of the cigarette is unintelligible.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).To protect the industry, the tobacco companies

47、did all the following EXCEPT A circumventing supervision. B actualizing public relations. C playing on words. D lobbying a bill.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The phrase“rode the punches“in Paragraph 6 can be interpreted as A collapsed under the impact of the blow. B coped with and survived adversity. C took

48、no notice of the current situation. D persisted in its old ways.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the author, Allan Brandts attitude towards the cigarette reflected in his book is one of A absolute objectivity. B slight disapproval. C strong disapproval. D total indifference.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following might be the most appropriate title for the text? A Tobacco B Tobacco Companies C An Evil Weed D A History. of the Cigarette（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Tell an investment banker that a