大学英语四级综合-23及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级综合-23 及答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 2(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneLondoners are great readers. They buy vast numbers of newspapers and magazines and of books-especially paperbacks, which are still comparatively cheap in spite of ever increasing rises in the costs of printing. They still con

2、tinue to buy “proper“ books, too, printed on good paper and hotrod between hard covers. There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in book selling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charring Cross Road in the very heart of London. Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to

3、 be found, from the celebrated one which boasts of being “the biggest bookshop in the world“ to the tiny, dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens time.Some of these shops stock, or will obtain, any kind of book, but many of them specialize in second hand books, in art book

4、s, in foreign books, in books on philosophy, politics or any other of the myriad(无数的) subjects about which books may be written. One shop in this area specializes solely in books about ballet!Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charring Cross Road is not the chea

5、pest. For the really cheap second hand volumes, the collector must venture off the beaten track, to Farringdon Road, for example, in the East Central district of London. Here there is nothing so grandiose(宏伟的) as bookshops. Instead, the booksellers come along each morning and tip out their sacks of

6、books on to small barrows(流动售货车) which line the gutters. And the collectors， some professional and some amateur, who have been waiting for them, pounce(一把抓住) upon the dusty cascaded. In places like this one can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old volume that may be worth many pounds.

7、（分数：45.00）(1).“Londoners are great readers“ means that_（分数：9.00）A.Londoners are superior to other people in readingB.there are a great number of readers in LondonC.Londoners are readers who read only great booksD.Londoners read a lot(2).Charring Cross Road_（分数：9.00）A.is in the suburbs of LondonB.is

8、famous for its bookshopsC.contains various kinds of shopsD.is the busiest street in London(3).If you want to buy really cheap second books, you must_（分数：9.00）A.venture in a most busy streetB.venture away from a busy streetC.take the risk of being beaten offthe streetD.take the risk of wasting time t

9、o hunt them in less noticeable streets(4).The book sellers on Farringdon Road_（分数：9.00）A.keep fine bookshopsB.keep only small bookshopsC.sell books on hand cartsD.sell the same books as the bookshops on Charring Cross Road(5).The best topic for this passage is_（分数：9.00）A.bookshops in LondonB.the big

10、gest bookshop in the worldC.Charring Cross RoadD.buying books in LondonPassage TwoWomen earn less than men. For example, in 1988 the hourly wages of women in the U.S. were 26% less than those of men. The between male and female incomes varies with age. The gap between the labor incomes of young wome

11、n and young men is much smaller than that between middle-aged women and men. It is also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less.The larger the number of workers in an industry who are women, the lower the average wages. Why do women earn less than men? Are the differences explained

12、by the fact that women are looked down upon? If so, the government has to intervene, to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs. However, there is no agreement among economists about the causes of the gap. One view argues that women on the average have chosen low paying jobs in which wo

13、rkers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience relative to men.Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background which is shown in the difference in the marginal product between men and women. Much of

14、the gap, however, has not been fully explained. It might be the result of some bias against women. It is this part that has produced calls for government action. What would happen if the government did intervene to increase the wages paid to women? One possibility, is that incomes for women as a gro

15、up might actually decline. An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor input demanded, resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new workers declines. The result will be a surplus of labor. Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs might find themselv

16、es out of work.（分数：45.00）(1).The difference in labor incomes is most obvious between_（分数：9.00）A.young men and young womenB.young women in the same industryC.middle-aged men and middle-aged womenD.middle-aged women in the same industry(2).Some economists believe women earn less than men partly becaus

17、e_（分数：9.00）A.women are less experienced than menB.women are only provided with low paying jobsC.women have much freedom in selecting their jobsD.there are more than enough women in the labor force(3).Which of the following cannot be inferred from the third paragraph?（分数：9.00）A.Women receive less edu

18、cation than men.B.Women are not as productive as men.C.Levels of education are closely related to productivity.D.Goods produced by women are not as good as those by men.(4).What does the author suggest that the government should do for women workers?（分数：9.00）A.To ensure equal pay for women.B.To expl

19、ain why women are paid less.C.To force employers to hire more women.D.No solution is clearly suggeste(5).What would happen if womens wages were raised?（分数：9.00）A.Input of capital would be increased.B.The unemployment rate would go up.C.Those who have jobs would become better off.D.Women as a group w

20、ould earn more than beforPassage ThreeDrunken driving-sometimes called Americas socially accepted form of murder-has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250,000 over the past decade.A drunken d

21、river is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American macho(男子气概的) image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has r

22、ecently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people kille

23、d by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes“ about drinking and teach them to resis

24、t peer pressure to drink.Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern(酒馆) in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to

25、 a customer who was “obviously intoxicated“ and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy.As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover c

26、alled the“noble experiment“. They forget that legal prohibition didnt stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution（分数：45.00）(1).Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because_（分数：9.00）A.most

27、 Americans are heavy drinkersB.Americans are now less shocked by road accidentsC.accidents attract so much publicityD.drinking is a socially accepted habit in America(2).Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed?（分数：9.00）A.Detailed statistics are now available.B.The news media have hi

28、ghlighted the problem.C.Judges are giving more severe sentences.D.Drivers are more conscious of their imag(3).Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that_（分数：9.00）A.many drivers were not of legal ageB.young drivers were usually bad driversC.the level of drinking increased in the 1960sD.the legal

29、drinking age should be raised (4).Laws recently introduced in some states have_（分数：9.00）A.reduced the number of convictionsB.resulted in fewer serious accidentsC.prevented bars from serving drunken customersD.specified the amount drivers can drink(5).Why is the problem of drunken driving difficult t

30、o solve?（分数：9.00）A.Alcohol is easily obtained.B.Drinking is linked to organized crime.C.Legal prohibition has already failed.D.Legislation alone is not sufficient.Passage FourPresident Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated progr

31、am of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.The most liber

32、al wing of the Presidents party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an income policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.The Republicans, however, decry(谴责) even the modest, graduated tax increases in the Preside

33、nts program. They want taxcuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defense spending.Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technolog

34、y allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete e

35、ffectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.So the crux(症结) i

36、s the technology and that is where the Presidenfs program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, but it is that the ideolognes(理论家) of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed int

37、act. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.（分数：45.00）(1).What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic Party?（分数：9.00）A.They want a more direct action.B.They want a price policy to check inflation.C.They want to rebuild industry.D.They want a

38、wall of protective tariffs.(2).What is the editors attitude toward the economic restructuring plan?（分数：9.00）A.Supportive.B.Indifferent.C.Disapproving.D.Compromisin(3).The focus of the Presidents program is on _（分数：9.00）A.investmentB.economyC.technologyD.tax(4).The danger to the plan lies in _（分数：9.0

39、0）A.the two parties objectionB.different ideas of the two parties about the planC.its passageD.improper revision of its focus(5).The passage is most probably_（分数：9.00）A.an essayB.a prefaceC.an advertisementD.an editorial大学英语四级综合-23 答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 2(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneLondon

40、ers are great readers. They buy vast numbers of newspapers and magazines and of books-especially paperbacks, which are still comparatively cheap in spite of ever increasing rises in the costs of printing. They still continue to buy “proper“ books, too, printed on good paper and hotrod between hard c

41、overs. There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in book selling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charring Cross Road in the very heart of London. Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found, from the celebrated one which boasts of being “the biggest bookshop in

42、 the world“ to the tiny, dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens time.Some of these shops stock, or will obtain, any kind of book, but many of them specialize in second hand books, in art books, in foreign books, in books on philosophy, politics or any other of the myriad(

43、无数的) subjects about which books may be written. One shop in this area specializes solely in books about ballet!Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charring Cross Road is not the cheapest. For the really cheap second hand volumes, the collector must venture off th

44、e beaten track, to Farringdon Road, for example, in the East Central district of London. Here there is nothing so grandiose(宏伟的) as bookshops. Instead, the booksellers come along each morning and tip out their sacks of books on to small barrows(流动售货车) which line the gutters. And the collectors， some

45、 professional and some amateur, who have been waiting for them, pounce(一把抓住) upon the dusty cascaded. In places like this one can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old volume that may be worth many pounds.（分数：45.00）(1).“Londoners are great readers“ means that_（分数：9.00）A.Londoners are s

46、uperior to other people in readingB.there are a great number of readers in LondonC.Londoners are readers who read only great booksD.Londoners read a lot 解析：语义题。这句话的含义从文中紧接着的两句话可以推断出，“他们购买大量的报纸、杂志和图书”，他们不仅“买许多平装书，还买精装书”，说明伦敦人阅读的书报很多。这里强调的是书报，而非人数。(2).Charring Cross Road_（分数：9.00）A.is in the suburbs o

47、f LondonB.is famous for its bookshops C.contains various kinds of shopsD.is the busiest street in London解析：细节题。第一段后半部分谈伦敦的书店时提到著名的 Charring Cross Road，这里以书店而闻名，选 B。(3).If you want to buy really cheap second books, you must_（分数：9.00）A.venture in a most busy streetB.venture away from a busy street C.t

48、ake the risk of being beaten offthe streetD.take the risk of wasting time to hunt them in less noticeable streets解析：推断题。第三段第二句讲到，如果要购买便宜的二手书，必须一反常规，即不去繁华的中心区，而到伦敦东区的 Farringdon Road，故选 B。(4).The book sellers on Farringdon Road_（分数：9.00）A.keep fine bookshopsB.keep only small bookshopsC.sell books on

49、hand carts D.sell the same books as the bookshops on Charring Cross Road解析：细节题。文章第三段第四句是说，在这里，书商每天早上将书装上手推车推来这里卖，因此选 C。(5).The best topic for this passage is_（分数：9.00）A.bookshops in LondonB.the biggest bookshop in the worldC.Charring Cross RoadD.buying books in London 解析：主旨题。文章一开始讲伦敦人爱阅读，接着讲伦敦市中心书店云集及买二手书应该去的地方，因此可排除 A、B、C，选 D。Passage TwoWomen earn less than men. For example, in 1988 the hourly wages of women in the U.S. were 26% less than those of men. The between male and female i