大学英语六级分类模拟题359及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 359 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Eating DisordersA. Eating disorders have been most commonly associated with women and therefore most studies on anorexia nervosa have been concentrated within the female population. Such gender bias however makes it less

2、 likely that a doctor will diagnose a male as having an eating disorder or anorexia even though the symptoms might be identical. B. Men are far less likely to discuss an eating disorder with other men or with women. Their doctors are more likely to diagnose them as having a bout of depression due to

3、 stress or some kind of upset rather than suffering from an eating disorder because such disorders have been largely labelled female diseases. This is mostly due to the cultural differences between men and women. C. Discussions about beauty, new diets and body weight are seen as the female arena of

4、discussion that males seldom enter. Also, traditionally men“s beauty is displayed in body mass, building muscle and body building and therefore to discuss issues surrounding weight loss in not seen as particularly masculine because men “Don“t have psychological problems“ and “Don“t talk about their

5、feelings“ even though men do suffer from anorexia. D. The disease is far more common in the Western world than anywhere else and there is much cause for concern as recent research suggests that the disease is on the increase. The disease mostly manifests itself during adolescence when the signs of o

6、bvious weight loss become apparent. People who suffer from the disease have a genuine and constant terrifying fear of gaining weight, even when their weight is much less than people of their same height and stature. E. Doctors have been able to characterize the disease because the sufferer“s body we

7、ight is about 15% below average for their height. Suffers also tend to avoid fatty foods, use laxatives, diuretics or engage in excessive exercise. F. Because people live in a world obsessed with image and a fashion and cosmetics industry that forces an image of the ideal body, it can sometimes be d

8、ifficult to distinguish between anorexics and those who have a higher interest in their physical appearance than most people. Anorexics can be distinguished from a non-anorexics because weight loss is completely self-induced and the sufferer goes to extremes to lose weight, also engaging in self-ind

9、uced vomiting until eventually the situation fast gets our of control. G. Suffers are also completely preoccupied with their bodies and actually believe themselves to be fat when in reality they are malnourished and starkly thinner than their peers. They also begin to lose interest in activities the

10、ir peers are involved in such as socializing and very often become withdrawn. These are common symptoms in many adolescents but coupled with the obvious and drastic weight loss and lack of concentration it is easier to diagnose an adolescent with the beginning stages of anorexia. H. The actual cause

11、 of the disease is unknown but scientists believe that biological and social factors play a role and sometimes the disease can be triggered by traumatic events such as a death in the family, stress or the onset of puberty. I. While it is true that most suffers of the disease are female, some 10% are

12、 male. Studies show that there are differences between male and female anorexics. Female suffers tend to view themselves as fatter, more overweight than males with the same condition. Males tend to engage in less self-induced vomiting, take fewer laxatives and diuretics, and are more motivated but h

13、ave more physical complaints. J. It has been suggested also that there is a link between males with the disease to tending to be homosexual. The actual figure is unknown and it is important to understand that such a link does not indicate that all male sufferers of anorexia nervosa or eating disorde

14、r are homosexual. Also there tends to a higher rate in suicide attempts in male sufferers. K. The biggest problem, however, is diagnosing male anorexia or eating disorder because of the common belief that such disease are essentially female although the medical profession is more aware of male anore

15、xia than ever before. L. Suffers can go many years without treatment but eventually sufferers lose more body weight, as much as 25%-30%, which leads to chronic illness and even death. The mortality rate is as high as 5%. Others are lucky because sometimes onset of the disease can be temporary with c

16、omplete recovery. M. There is treatment for suffers of this terrible disease. In some cases suffers are treated by medication, usually when the disease is accompanied by severe depression. Usually though sufferers are referred to a psychologist or a therapist and are encouraged to join self-help gro

17、ups and are counselled by people who have first-hand experience of the disease themselves.（分数：20.00）(1).It is hard to distinguish non-anorexic from genuine suffers due to the appearance preoccupation in our societies.（分数：2.00）(2).Doctors are so easily to be influenced by gender prejudice that they a

18、re unlikely to diagnose men as having eating disorders like women.（分数：2.00）(3).Those, who have experienced painful events like death of relatives and pressure, are likely to get the disease.（分数：2.00）(4).The reason why we should pay more attention on the disease is for the rising number claimed by a

19、research.（分数：2.00）(5).For those lucky people, anorexia is sometimes merely a passing phase.（分数：2.00）(6).When patients suffer from both anorexia and severe depression, they are required to take medication.（分数：2.00）(7).A doctor wrongly diagnoses an eating disorder in males as stress related because so

20、me diseases are thought to affect women more than men.（分数：2.00）(8).A combination of physical and emotions symptoms are the warning signs that an adolescent might be developing the disease.（分数：2.00）(9).Men, suffering from anorexia, are more likely to commit suicide.（分数：2.00）(10).Previously male beaut

21、y focus on the physical aspects of the body.（分数：2.00）Advantages of Public TransportA. A new study conducted for the World Bank by Murdoch University“s Institute for Science and Technology Policy (ISTP) has demonstrated that public transport is more efficient than cars. The study compared the proport

22、ion of wealth poured into transport by thirty-seven cities around the world. This included both the public and private costs of building, maintaining and using a transport system. B. The study found that the Western Australian city of Perth is a good example of a city with minimal public transport.

23、As a result, 17% of its wealth went into transport costs. Some European and Asian cities, on the other hand, spent as little as 5%. Professor Peter Newman, ISTP Director, pointed out that these more efficient cities were able to put the difference into attracting industry and jobs or creating a bett

24、er place to live. C. According to Professor Newman, the larger Australian city of Melbourne is a rather unusual city in this sort of comparison. He describes it as two cities: A European city surrounded by a car-dependent one. Melbourne“s large tram network has made car use in the inner city much lo

25、wer, but the outer suburbs have the same car-based structure as most other Australian cities. The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people“s preferences as to where they live. D. Newman says this is a new, broader way of consider

26、ing public transport issues. In the past, the case for public transport has been made on the basis of environmental and social justice considerations rather than economics. Newman, however, believes the study demonstrates that “the auto-dependent city model is inefficient and grossly inadequate in e

27、conomic as well as environmental terms“. E. Bicycle use was not included in the study but Newman noted that the two most “bicycle friendly“ cities consideredAmsterdam and Copenhagenwere very efficient, even though their public transport systems were“reasonable but not special“. F. It is common for s

28、upporters of road networks to reject the models of cities with good public transport by arguing that such systems would not work in their particular city. One objection is climate. Some people say their city could not make more use of public transport because it is either too hot or too cold. Newman

29、 rejects this, pointing out that public transport has been successful in both Toronto and Singapore and, in fact, he has checked the use of cars against climate and found “zero correlation“. G. When it comes to other physical features, road lobbies are on stronger ground. For example, Newman accepts

30、 it would be hard for a city as hilly as Auckland to develop a really good rail network. However, he points out that both Hong Kong and Zurich have managed to make a success of their rail systems, heavy and light respectively, though there are few cities in the world as hilly. H. In fact, Newman bel

31、ieves the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics: “The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favoured.“ He considers Portland, Oregon, a perfect example of this. I. Some years ago, federal money was granted to build a new road. However, local pres

32、sure groups forced a referendum over whether to spend the money on light rail instead. The rail proposal won and the railway worked spectacularly well. In the years that have followed, more and more rail systems have been put in, dramatically changing the nature of the city. Newman notes that Portla

33、nd has about the same population as Perth and had a similar population density at the time. J. In the UK, travel times to work had been stable for at least six centuries, with people avoiding situations that required them to spend more than half an hour travelling to work. Trains and cars initially

34、allowed people to live at greater distances without taking longer to reach their destination. However, public infrastructure did not keep pace with urban sprawl, causing massive congestion problems which now make commuting times far higher. K. There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth enco

35、urages people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport. The example of European cities refutes that. They are often wealthier than their American counterparts but have not generated the same level of car use. In Stockholm, car use has actually fallen in recent years as the city h

36、as become larger and wealthier. L. A new study makes this point even more starkly. Developing cities in Asia, such as Jakarta and Bangkok, make more use of the car than wealthy Asian cities such as Tokyo and Singapore. In cities that developed later, the World Bank and Asian Development Bank discour

37、aged the building of public transport and people have been forced to rely on carscreating the massive traffic jams that characterize those cities. M. Newman believes one of the best studies on how cities built for cars might be converted to rail use is The Urban Village report, which used Melbourne

38、as an example. It found that pushing everyone into the city centre was not the best approach. Instead, the proposal advocated the creation of urban villages at hundreds of sites, mostly around railway stations. N. It was once assumed that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more dispers

39、al in the population as people were no longer forced into cities. However, the ISTP team“s research demonstrates that the population and job density of cities rose or remained constant in the 1980s after decades of decline. The explanation for this seems to be that it is valuable to place people wor

40、king in related fields together. “The new world will largely depend on human creativity, and creativity flourishes where people come together face-to-face.“（分数：20.00）(1).The hilly city like Auckland is inappropriate for rail transport system.（分数：2.00）(2).By putting more funds into other fields, effi

41、cient cities can improve the quality of life for their inhabitants.（分数：2.00）(3).A referendum was held by local organizations to decide whether to construct light rail.（分数：2.00）(4).Cities with high levels of bicycles usage can be efficient even when public transport is only averagely good.（分数：2.00）(5

42、).The fact that houses in Melbourne“s inner suburbs are largely demanded indicates that people shift to a new perception on where to live.（分数：2.00）(6).The ISTP study examined public and private systems in 37 cities of the world.（分数：2.00）(7).Some people argue against practicing public transport for t

43、he extreme climate.（分数：2.00）(8).Massive traffic jam and longer commuting time result from the imbalance between public infrastructure and urban expansion.（分数：2.00）(9).From the perspective from Newman, the research shows that city model, reliable on cars, lacks of adequacies in the fields of economic

44、 and environment.（分数：2.00）(10).Human innovation, which is often activated by people“s direct interaction, plays a major role in the future.（分数：2.00）Graying Population Stays in the PinkA. Elderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent, say American scientists. The results of a 14-

45、year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life. B. In the last 14 years, the National Long-term Health Care Survey has gathered data on the health and lifestyles of m

46、ore than 20,000 men and women over 65. Researchers, now analysing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problemsthe major medical complaints in this age group are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at whic

47、h these diseases are declining continues to accelerate. Other diseases of old agedementia, stroke, arteriosclerosis and emphysemaare also troubling fewer and fewer people. C. “It really raises the question of what should he considered normal ageing“, says Kenneth Manton, a demographer from Duke Univ

48、ersity in North Carolina. He says the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75. D. Clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in child

49、hood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today“s elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors. E. On the downside, the data also reveals failures in public health that have caused surges in some illnesses. An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality, say the researchers. “These may be subtle influences“, says Manton, “but our subjects have been exposed to worse and worse pollution for over 60 years. It“s not surprising we see some effect“. F. One interesting correlation Mant