大学英语六级-161及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语六级-161 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Translation(总题数：10，分数：100.00)1.农历正月 (the first lunar month)十五是中国的 元宵节 (Lantern Festival)，人们习惯在门外悬挂大红灯笼，孩子们提着彩色的灯笼玩，大人们则上街观赏各式各样的灯笼。据记载，灯笼早在约 3 000 年前就出现在了元宵节上。到了唐代，朝廷将灯笼与 佛教 (Buddhism)联系起来，从此点灯笼就成为了元宵节官方礼议的一部分。不同地区的彩灯风格迥异，陕北的农民用南瓜做灯笼，用棉花等材料做成羊头形状。而北京因为是帝王之都，灯笼

2、一般都做成 宫廷 (imperial palace)灯笼的样子。 （分数：10.00）_2.中国的官方语言 普通话 (Mandarin)在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在本世纪的领先地位，公立和私立学校纷纷在外语教学中加入汉语，或开展汉语教学项目。据统计，在美国的学校中，有 5 万名孩子在学习汉语。推动发展汉语项目不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国将他们招来，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。 （分数：10.00）_3.从 1999 年到 2007 年，中国人每年有 3 次长假，五一、十一和春节，每次假期七

3、天，这些假日被称为黄金周。但越是在假期，人们就越忙碌。不得不上班的人们就更忙碌，特别是交通管理部门、旅游和服务行业。回家几乎是长假的另一个任务，尤其是在春节，每个家庭都想团聚。结了婚的女人不再被当作娘家人，她们应该到男方家中过年。现在的年轻人不再认同这些传统，这是个好消息。他们往往达成妥协，在双方家里各待几天。 （分数：10.00）_4.全球化对于发达国家和发展中国家都是一个挑战。随着全球化的发展，世界各国之间的经济合作不断加强。中国拥有一个 13 亿人口的大市场，会为拉动世界经济发展提供 可观的动力 (substantial impetus)。中国还要大规模开展基础设施(infrastruc

4、ture)的建设，改造和提升工业企业的装备水平，还要不断提高农业的生产和 加工能力 (processing capability)。这些都需要在国际合作的环境中才能实现。各国之间不断扩大的经贸和各领域的合作关系，有助于推动世界经济的发展。 （分数：10.00）_5.中国在 鸦片战争 (Opium War)中战败，暴露了在军事上的 落后 (backwardness)和政治上的软弱。西方列强发现迫使中国接受不平等条件是轻而易举的。因而，在战后，英国和其他西方国家，包括法国、德国、俄国和美国，还有东方的日本，或单独或联合对中国发动侵略战争，以不同的方式欺凌中国。十九世纪后半叶的中国历史充满了这样的屈

5、辱。由此，中国从一个有主权的封建国家，开始逐渐沦陷为一个 半殖民地半封建 (semi-colonial and semi-feudal)的国家。 （分数：10.00）_6.中国共有 8 大 菜系 (cuisine)，包括 辛辣的 (pungent)川菜和 清淡的 (light)粤菜。中国餐馆在世界各地很受欢迎。然而，中国人的生活方式日益变化，无论是自己下厨还是上餐馆，都出现了全新的饮食习惯。在一些传统的中国菜中，添加了 奶酪和番茄酱 (cheese and tomato sauce)。城市消费者频繁地光顾一些快餐连锁店，比如麦当劳、肯德基。收入的不断增长、对国际食品更多的了解，加上超市购物的便

6、捷，使中国出现了更乐于尝试包装及 罐装食品 (packaged) and canned food)的新一代消费者。 （分数：10.00）_7.近年来中国经济增长很快，而污染和 排放 (emissions)问题也同样惊人。中国已是全球最大的 二氧化碳 (carbon dioxide)排放国，尽管其经济规模仅为美国的一半左右。最大污染源是煤炭。中国煤炭消耗量约占全球的五分之二，并以每年约 10%的速度增长。好消息是中国政府正开始发起低碳行动，这将推动其未来的增长、发展和 能源安全 (energy security)目标。政府还制定了雄心勃勃的可再生能源利用目标：希望在 2020 年前，约 20%的

7、电力需求由风能和太阳能来满足。 （分数：10.00）_8.歌谣 (ballads)跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活中 随兴而发的 (improvised)东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快驾灭，不留痕迹。如今，我们只能从一些古书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的 伪托 (derivatives)，能够断定朝代的歌谣要到 诗经 ( the Book of Songs )里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显著。 （分数：10.00）_9.在 大家庭 (ext

8、ended families)里，老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈的人得到全家的爱护。中国 宪法 (constitution)规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人 生活费 (living allowances)并帮助他们干家务活儿。在农村，尽管大家庭 解体 (dissolve)了，许多结了婚的儿子和他的家人还和父母住在同一个院子里。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。 （分数：10.00）_10.中国目前仍面临着人口多、资源少的严峻现实。鉴于中国目前的 资源储备 (res

9、ource reserve)，很多人认为我们仍要继续实行 计划生育政策 (the one-child policy)，但在这一问题上，也有人持有不同的观点。很多人认为诸如劳动力短缺，人口老龄化加速，男女人口比例失衡等众多问题都与计划生育政策有关。因此，他们认为现在该终止这项政策了。每件事都有积极和消极的作用。如果能采取一些措施，如调整 补贴 (subsidy)，为独生子女家庭提供更多帮助，那么计划生育政策的负面作用将被限制到最小。 （分数：10.00）_大学英语六级-161 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Translation(总题数：10，分数：100.00)1.农

10、历正月 (the first lunar month)十五是中国的 元宵节 (Lantern Festival)，人们习惯在门外悬挂大红灯笼，孩子们提着彩色的灯笼玩，大人们则上街观赏各式各样的灯笼。据记载，灯笼早在约 3 000 年前就出现在了元宵节上。到了唐代，朝廷将灯笼与 佛教 (Buddhism)联系起来，从此点灯笼就成为了元宵节官方礼议的一部分。不同地区的彩灯风格迥异，陕北的农民用南瓜做灯笼，用棉花等材料做成羊头形状。而北京因为是帝王之都，灯笼一般都做成 宫廷 (imperial palace)灯笼的样子。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：【参考译文】 The 15th da

11、y of the first lunar month is the Lantern Festival in China. It is a custom to hang red lanterns on the gate. Children play with colored lanterns, and people go to streets to view and admire decorative lanterns. It is recorded that lanterns adorned the Lantern Festival at least 3,000 years ago. By t

12、he Tang Dynasty, the court had connected lanterns with Buddhism and made the lighting of lanterns at the Lantern Festival a part of official protocol. Colored lanterns in different regions have their own specific features. Farmers in northern Shaanxi Province make lanterns out of pumpkins, with mate

13、rials like cotton in the shape of the head of a goat. In Beijing, which had long been a dynastic capital, the colored lanterns are mainly in the style of imperial palace lanterns.2.中国的官方语言 普通话 (Mandarin)在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在本世纪的领先地位，公立和私立学校纷纷在外语教学中加入汉语，或开展汉语教学项目。据统计，在美国的学校中，有 5 万名孩子在学习汉语。推动发展汉语项目不是没有

14、遇到困难。由于缺乏受过训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国将他们招来，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：【参考译文】 Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools. As China becomes the world“s leading economy in this century, both public and private schools are scrambling to add

15、 Mandarin to their roster of foreign languages or expand Chinese language programs. Statistically, as many as 50,000 children nationwide are taking Mandarin in American schools. The device to develop Chinese language programs has met some difficulties. A shortage of trained, credentialed teachers ha

16、s made it difficult for some schools to join the race. When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them from China directly, which is a hidden trouble for a culture clash.3.从 1999 年到 2007 年，中国人每年有 3 次长假，五一、十一和春节，每次假期七天，这些假日被称为黄金周。但越是在假期，人们就越忙碌。不得不上班的人们就更忙碌，特别是交通管理部门、旅游和服务行业。回家几乎是长假的另一个任

17、务，尤其是在春节，每个家庭都想团聚。结了婚的女人不再被当作娘家人，她们应该到男方家中过年。现在的年轻人不再认同这些传统，这是个好消息。他们往往达成妥协，在双方家里各待几天。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：【参考译文】 From 1999 to 2007, Chinese people had three separate holidays including May Day, the National Day and the Spring Festival. Each holiday extends over a week. These holidays are also know

18、n as the golden week holidays. But people are busier in these holidays. People who have to work during these holidays are even busier, especially those in traffic management departments, tourism and the service industries. Going home is almost an obligation during the long holidays, particularly dur

19、ing the traditional Chinese Spring Festival. Every family wants to have a reunion. A married woman is supposed to spend the holiday with her husband“s family because she is no longer considered as a part of her own family. The good news is that young people today no longer feel obligated by these tr

20、aditions. More often than not, they would reach a compromise by spending a few days with each family.4.全球化对于发达国家和发展中国家都是一个挑战。随着全球化的发展，世界各国之间的经济合作不断加强。中国拥有一个 13 亿人口的大市场，会为拉动世界经济发展提供 可观的动力 (substantial impetus)。中国还要大规模开展基础设施(infrastructure)的建设，改造和提升工业企业的装备水平，还要不断提高农业的生产和 加工能力 (processing capability)。这

21、些都需要在国际合作的环境中才能实现。各国之间不断扩大的经贸和各领域的合作关系，有助于推动世界经济的发展。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：【参考译文】 Globalization is a challenge for both developed and developing countries. With the development of globalization, the economic cooperation among countries around the world increases. China has a market with as many as 1.

22、3 billion people, which will provide substantial impetus to the world economy. China will continue its large-scale infrastructure program, upgrade its industrial equipment and improve agricultural production as well as its processing capability. All the above requires an environment of international

23、 cooperation. The expanding economic and trade cooperation and cooperation in other fields are conducive to the development of the world economy.5.中国在 鸦片战争 (Opium War)中战败，暴露了在军事上的 落后 (backwardness)和政治上的软弱。西方列强发现迫使中国接受不平等条件是轻而易举的。因而，在战后，英国和其他西方国家，包括法国、德国、俄国和美国，还有东方的日本，或单独或联合对中国发动侵略战争，以不同的方式欺凌中国。十九世纪后

24、半叶的中国历史充满了这样的屈辱。由此，中国从一个有主权的封建国家，开始逐渐沦陷为一个 半殖民地半封建 (semi-colonial and semi-feudal)的国家。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：【参考译文】 China“s defeat in the Opium War exposed her military backwardness and political weakness. Western powers found that it was easy to force her to accept unequal conditions. So after the w

25、ar, British and other western countries, including France, Germany, Russia, the United States, and Japan in the east, separately or jointly started aggressive wars on China, or bullied China in different ways. Chinese history in the second half of the nineteenth century was full of such humiliating

26、events. They marked the turn of China from a feudal country into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country.6.中国共有 8 大 菜系 (cuisine)，包括 辛辣的 (pungent)川菜和 清淡的 (light)粤菜。中国餐馆在世界各地很受欢迎。然而，中国人的生活方式日益变化，无论是自己下厨还是上餐馆，都出现了全新的饮食习惯。在一些传统的中国菜中，添加了 奶酪和番茄酱 (cheese and tomato sauce)。城市消费者频繁地光顾一些快餐连锁店，比如麦当劳、肯德基。收入的不断增

27、长、对国际食品更多的了解，加上超市购物的便捷，使中国出现了更乐于尝试包装及 罐装食品 (packaged) and canned food)的新一代消费者。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：【参考译文】 China has 8 major cuisines, including Sichuan cuisine famous for pungency and Canton cuisine for lightness. Chinese restaurants enjoy a great popularity all over the world. With the ever-changi

28、ng of the Chinese lifestyle, however, people are experiencing a new diet style either when cooking at home or eating at restaurants. For instance, the cheese and tomato sauce are added to the traditional Chinese food; and urban consumers now frequently go to fast food chains, such as McDonald“s and

29、KFC. The steady growth of people“s income, more knowledge about international food and the convenience of supermarket shopping bring to the emergence of a new generation of consumers who are more likely to buy packaged and canned food.7.近年来中国经济增长很快，而污染和 排放 (emissions)问题也同样惊人。中国已是全球最大的 二氧化碳 (carbon d

30、ioxide)排放国，尽管其经济规模仅为美国的一半左右。最大污染源是煤炭。中国煤炭消耗量约占全球的五分之二，并以每年约 10%的速度增长。好消息是中国政府正开始发起低碳行动，这将推动其未来的增长、发展和 能源安全 (energy security)目标。政府还制定了雄心勃勃的可再生能源利用目标：希望在 2020 年前，约 20%的电力需求由风能和太阳能来满足。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：【参考译文】 Recently, China“s economy grows very fast. However, its pollution and emission problems ar

31、e also surprising. China is already the biggest emitter of carbon dioxide despite the fact that its economy is only about a half of the size of that of the US. The chief source of pollution is coal. China consumes about two-fifths of the world“s coal at a growth rate of about 10 percent a year. The

32、good news is that China“s government is beginning to start a low carbon action which will power its future growth, development and energy security objectives. The government has also set an ambitious goal for using renewable energy, hoping that by 2020 about 20 percent of electricity needs will be m

33、et by wind and solar.8.歌谣 (ballads)跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活中 随兴而发的 (improvised)东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快驾灭，不留痕迹。如今，我们只能从一些古书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的 伪托 (derivatives)，能够断定朝代的歌谣要到 诗经 ( the Book of Songs )里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显著。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：【参考译文】 L

34、ong before the emergence of the written word, ballads and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions. However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in anci

35、ent times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace. Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of them are believed to be derivatives of later generations. Ballads in the Book of Songs are the earliest writings

36、 that can be dated. From this point of view, ancient mythology obviously has had a great influence on Chinese literature.9.在 大家庭 (extended families)里，老一辈人的意见受到尊重，小一辈的人得到全家的爱护。中国 宪法 (constitution)规定赡养父母是成年子女义不容辞的责任。在城市里，不和家里老人一起住的年轻夫妇给老人 生活费 (living allowances)并帮助他们干家务活儿。在农村，尽管大家庭 解体 (dissolve)了，许多结了

37、婚的儿子和他的家人还和父母住在同一个院子里。对他们来说，分家不过是分灶而已。结了婚的儿子往往把房子盖在父母家附近，这样父母和子女互相帮助、探望都和过去一样方便。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：【参考译文】 In extended families, the elder members“ opinions are respected, and the younger members are loved and taken good care of by all. China“s constitution stipulates that grown-up children are du

38、ty-bound to support their parents. In the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents give the latter riving allowances and help them with the house chores. In the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sons and their families continue to liv

39、e in the same courtyard with their parents. To them, breaking up the extended family just means cooking their meals separately. Married sons most often have their houses built near their parents“ home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.10.中国目前仍面临着人口

40、多、资源少的严峻现实。鉴于中国目前的 资源储备 (resource reserve)，很多人认为我们仍要继续实行 计划生育政策 (the one-child policy)，但在这一问题上，也有人持有不同的观点。很多人认为诸如劳动力短缺，人口老龄化加速，男女人口比例失衡等众多问题都与计划生育政策有关。因此，他们认为现在该终止这项政策了。每件事都有积极和消极的作用。如果能采取一些措施，如调整 补贴 (subsidy)，为独生子女家庭提供更多帮助，那么计划生育政策的负面作用将被限制到最小。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：【参考译文】 China is still facing the

41、severe reality that it is a country with a large population but insufficient resources. In view of China“s current resource reserve, many people say we have to stick to the one-child policy. Some people, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. A number of people relate many problems to the

42、 one-child policy, such as the shortage of labor force, accelerated growth of the aging population and the imbalance in male and female births. Therefore, they believe it“s high time to stop this policy. Everything will bring both positive and negative effects. If some measures can be taken, such as adjusting the subsidy policy, or providing more support for the one-child families, the side effects of the one-child policy can be limited to the minimum.