大学四级-318及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-318 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.对她到这个城市学习表示欢迎。 2简要介绍你为她准备的食宿安排。 3提醒她来之前要注意的事项。（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B New Energy Sources to the Rescue/BAs petrol prices rise, policy makers and venture capitalists are suddenly embracing alternatives. Will t

2、he trend last? BReasons for the change/BIn his long career in country music, Willie Nelson has always been on the left side of all things. Now, at 73, he is in the vanguard. Mr. Nelson, who lives on a big farm outside Austin, powers his car with the help of vegetable oil. He has even created his own

3、 line of this cleaner-burning diesel blend (混合柴油). He called it “BioWillie“, which is distributed at several sites in Texas and is going national, too. Mr. Nelson argues that it will help Americas farmers, truckers and the environment while, at the same time, reducing dependence on foreign petroleum

4、.With high petrol prices causing troubles in Washington, D.C., everyone is trying to find out alternatives. Soya beans, canola (rapeseed), switch grass, anything, is being investigated Even George Bush, a former oilman who supports loyally the industrial development, called last week for more resear

5、ch into ethanol (酒精) and bio-diesel-two key types of bio-fuels (生物燃料) and boldly predicted that “ethanol will replace gasoline consumption“. Jim Woolsey, a former head of the CIA notes that developing bio-fuels is in the national interest, since it is high time America stopped its reliance on petrol

6、eum from foreign countries and so stopped funding some fanatical religious organizations.BFuture: convenience and pains/BThe federal government is beginning to formulate policy to promote the use of bio-fuels. In Montana, Hawaii and Minnesota all petrol must contain 10% ethanol, while Washington Sta

7、te requires petrol and diesel to contain 2% renewable fuel by volume. For both ethanol and bio-diesel, Congress has required a near-doubling of production by 2012. Both blends, notes Mr. Woolsey approvingly, need little new infrastructure to support them (unlike, say, hydrogen fuel-cell cars). Ethan

8、ol can be dispensed at regular petrol stations and works, within limits, in todays cars. Bio-diesel fuelling stations, such as those for BioWillie, are popping up around America.Unfortunately for Mr. Bushs political fortunes, a bio-fuels revolution will not happen in time to ease Americas current pa

9、in at the pump. Right now, ethanol-a clean-burning, high-octane alcohol typically derived from com in America, or sugar in Brazil-accounts for just 3% of Americas petrol use, though American cars can handle a 10% ethanol blend. Bio-diesel is used even less.Moreover, ethanol is typically blended with

10、 regular fuel, and a widespread shift to an ethanol blend (a result of another provision of last years energy bill) has contributed to some petrol shortages in Texas and elsewhere, as the supply chain creaks into life. Skeptics argue that growing crops for ethanol will bum more petrol than it will s

11、ave.But others are persuaded, despite the pains at the beginning stage. “If I had to bet $100, Id bet on bio-fuels,“ says Hunter Lovins, co-author of“ Natural Capitalism“, adding that she would favor them even over other renewable energy sources. Rich investors also believe as growth. Richard Branso

12、n, a British entrepreneur who heads the Virgin conglomerate, recently announced plans to invest up to $400 in ethanol production.BGrowing production?/BCan production be scaled up? A recent bioengineering breakthrough means that it should soon be possible to convert plant products far more efficientl

13、y to ethanol. This lends promise to cellulosic ethanol a product that can be made from agricultural “waste“, such as corn cobs or weeds, which is widely available. (Once corn kernels and sugar-cane sap have been taken away for sugar, they leave plenty of stalks and leaves behind.) The most promising

14、 source of cellulosic ethanol, say experts, is switch grass, a native American grass that grows naturally in the prairie heartland and thrives in the poor Mississippi Delta.Bio-diesel, as yet, is a smaller enterprise. Its plants require less capital than those for ethanol. It is growing fastsales vo

15、lume tripled, to 75m gallons, between 2004 and 2005-but that is still a drop in the tanker of the 60 billion gallons of diesel that Americans consume each year. Much of the stuff is made from soya beans, and Jeff Plowman of Austin Bio-fuels, a tiny start-up, notes that soya bean futures are tracking

16、 the price of heating oil for the first time. In Texas, Mr. Plowman also sees potential for cottonseed oil, a byproduct of cotton production. Elsewhere, there is even talk of producing bio-diesel from pig manure.Troubles are still occurring, having pushed back the enthusiasm. In Minnesota, a require

17、ment to have 2% of diesel made from soya was suspended last year when truckers began to complain of clogged filters, though it was fairly quickly reinstated.BBio-fuels and American farms/BCould bio-fuels, in addition to easing the strain on the environment and on wallets, help to save American farms

18、? Some policymakers certainly hold out this dream, particularly in the Midwest, where ethanol and bio-diesel production is concentrated. Montanas Democratic governor, Brian Schweitzer, who uses bio-diesel (made for example from canola) in his own Volkswagen Jetta, imagined with optimism about a tech

19、nology that he hopes “will jump-start rural America“. He points out that America exports masses of wheat, soya beans and corn, and talks of“converting those export acres to bio-fuels“. When the 2007 farm bill is debated, he hopes for “a vision that helps American farmers once again produce their own

20、 horsepower on their own farms“. This “vision“ would include federal crop insurance for farmers who grow canola, safflower and camellia, bringing them up to the level of wheat and soya beans.The notion of American farmers defying the tide of capitalism to grow their own fuel is a glorious delusion.

21、It seems great, yet its not practical. However, Mr. Schweitzer is fight that Congress has some big decisions to make about bio-fuels. To what extent, if any, should government subsidize this newlyemerged industry? Already it has received plenty of help. Ethanol producers get a tax credit worth 51 ce

22、nts a gallon, much to the delight of the industry. There is also a 54 cents-a-gallon tariff on imports of ethanol from Brazil. Starting with the removal of that tariff, Congress needs to rethink its misleading energy policies. Nathanael Greene, of the Natural Resources Defense Council, argues that t

23、he federal governments most important immediate step should be to enact a loan guarantee to create Americas first cellulosic ethanol plant, which would probably be built in Idaho.If bio-fuels do take off, environmentalists and policymakers will still be unable to relax. Mr. Greene emphasizes, rightl

24、y, that bio-fuels alone might not solve all the problems. His organization argues that although American production could rise to 100 billion gallons of bio-fuels by 2050, such changes also need to be combined with improved fuel efficiency and better city planning. More flex-fuel vehicles, which can

25、 take up to 85% ethanol blended with petrol, would be particularly sensible.（分数：70.00）(1).The passage is primarily concerned with the emergence of a new energy source, governments and the publics attitude toward its use, and its influence on American farming.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).In writing this passa

26、ge, the author has first explained a general situation, and then presented his/her own opinion with supportive examples.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The U.S. government and some of the American people believe that reducing Americas dependence on foreign petroleum is one of the reasons to start research into

27、the possibility of using ethanol.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).The unstable international status has caused panic among American public who are worrying about the resulting petroleum shortage.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Despite the governments promotion, the development of bio-fuels is not a smooth process without an

28、y trouble（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).An entrepreneur from Britain has recently planned to invest heavily in ethanol production because he believed its promising future.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Recent breakthrough in bioengineering technology has enabled the increased scale of producing both ethanol and bio-diese

29、l.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Some policymakers believe that bio-fuel could help to save American farm, besides relieving pressure on_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The idea of American farmers growing their own fuel is regarded as a_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).It is argued by an organization that to solve energy problems,

30、_should also be taken into account in addition to increased production of bio-fuels.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.To tell the woman something about the car.B.To look for his wife.C.To show the woman h

31、is wifes car.D.To ask his wife to answer the phone.A.Childrens health.B.Social manners.C.Money.D.Old peoples health.A.New York.B.Boston.C.Michigan.D.Washington.A.He enjoys playing chess.B.He hates playing chess.C.He cant play chess.D.He was not a good student.A.He cant find the tickets.B.He doesnt w

32、ant to sit close to the stage.C.He would rather stand than sit down.D.He expects the hall to be crowded.A.To visit the Modern Museum.B.To make a good plan.C.To visit museums.D.To visit a music school.A.Husband and wife.B.Doctor and patient.C.Teacher and student.D.Lawyer and client.A.At 5:00.B.At 5:3

33、0.C.At 4:30.D.At 4:00.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.In the company.B.Through a telephone call.C.At the womans office.D.In a coffee house.A.Less than two years.B.More than a year.C.Less than a year.D.More than two years.A.He dislikes his present job.

34、B.He wants a higher salary.C.He wants to have more diverse experience.D.He wants to work for a famous company.A.A word processor.B.A computer programmer.C.A web designer.D.A technical assistant.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Influence of ocean on ani

35、mals.B.Relationship between human beings and dolphins.C.The lives of dolphins.D.Reasons to protect dolphins.A.Which one dolphins like.B.Which food tastes better.C.Which food their parents find them.D.Which is easier to get.A.Does a dolphin prefer living with others or living by itself?B.Arc dolphins

36、 more intelligent than other animals?C.How many years could dolphins usually live?D.What is the major cause of the death of dolphins at sea?四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Film: a Major Entertainment for Youth.B.

37、Controversies over Film-making.C.Influence of Movies on Teenagers.D.Suitable Movies for Teenagers.A.Working hard toward ones goal.B.Low self-esteem.C.Behavioral problems.D.Eating disorder.A.Film violence causes teen behavioral problems.B.There is no causal relationship between those two.C.Teenagers

38、who are more violent prefer violent films.D.There are contradictory findings concerning this question.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.They often fight with each other.B.There are too many children in the family.C.Tim hated to do housework.D.T

39、hey often have disagreement about important family matters.A.Tim is not the oldest child in the family.B.The Browns found a good solution to their problems.C.Their parents suggest writing a constitution.D.One law says that children under 14 must go to bed before 10 p.m.A.Tim is glad that he can stay

40、 up late.B.Every child in Browns family must help with the housework.C.Mr. and Mrs. Brown do not have to do any housework.D.The constitution was agreed to by every child of the family.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Brain structure and mech

41、anism.B.Foreign language learning ability.C.Peoples brain and second language learning.D.Similarities and differences between adults and children in language learning.A.In terms of second language learning, adults are not as good as children.B.Its impossible for an adult above 35 to learn a foreign

42、language.C.Adults can do better than children in learning a foreign language.D.Age is not important in determining ones ability to learn a language.A.Age.B.Grey matter.C.Language proficiency.D.Brain size.A.50.B.58.C.25.D.83.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Womens role in politics has been changing. Dur

43、ing theU (36) /Umovement, women began to play an active role in American politics. Women had long been interested inU (37) /Umovements, but the number of women active in politicalU (38) /Uhad been very limited.Now the educated,U (39) /Uwomen have begun to grow tired of the passive role that men hadU

44、 (40) /Uto them. Their own interests as a mother were brought into play by their concern over the education andU (41) /Uof their children, and the city in which they lived. For such proposes, they will also care about such publicU (42) /Uas schools and parks. Their interests as aU (43) /Uwere put on

45、 the alert by political struggles over taxes, monopolies, and dishonesty in government.But womens sympathies are more important than their interests.U (44) /UTherefore, women began to devote themselves to charity activity, and also to feel strongly about their own political rights.U (45) /UThey beli

46、eve they are also more active than men in introducing into politics the note of honesty and human concern that America seemed to need badly.U (46) /U（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)BSection A/BBDirect

47、ions: /BIn this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once./BThe modern age is an age