大学四级-316及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-316 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.告诉他不同的度过假期的方式 2各种方式的好处 3希望他能过一个愉快且有意义的假期（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Theres No Place Like HomeOn almost any night of the week, Churchills Restaurant is hopping. The 10-year-old hot spot in Rockville Centre, Long Isl

2、and, is packed with locals drinking beer and eating burgers, with some customers spilling over onto the street. “We have lots of regulars-people who are recognized when they come in,“ says co-owner Kevin Culhane. In fact, regulars make up more than 80 percent of the restaurants customers. “People fe

3、el comfortable and safe here,“ Culhane says, “This is their place.“ Thriving neighborhood restaurants are one small data point in a larger trend I call the new localism. The basic idea: the longer people stay in their homes and communities, the more they identify with those places, and the greater t

4、heir commitment to helping local businesses and institutions thrive, even in a downturn. Several factors are driving this process, including an aging population, suburbanization, the Interact, and an increased focus on family life. And even as the recession has begun to yield to recovery, our commit

5、ment to our local roots is only going to grow deeper. Evident before the recession, the new localism will shape how we live and work in the coming decades, and may even influence the course of our future politics. Perhaps nothing will be as surprising about 21st-century America as its settledness. F

6、or more than a generation Americans have believed that “spatial mobility“ would increase, and, as it did, feed a trend toward rootlessness and anomie(社会道德沦丧). In 2000, Harvards Robert Putnam made a point in Bowling Alone, in which he wrote about the “civic malaise“ he saw gripping the country. In Pu

7、tnams view, society was being undermined, largely due to suburbanization and what he called “the growth of mobility.“ Yet in reality Americans actually are becoming less nomadic(游牧的). As recently as the 1970s as many as one in five people moved annually; by 2006, long before the current recession to

8、ok hold, that number was 14 percent, the lowest rate since the census(人口普查) starting following movement in 1940. Since then tougher times have accelerated these trends, in large part because opportunities to sell houses and find new employment have dried up. In 2008, the total number of people chang

9、ing residences was less than those who did so in 1962, when the country had 120 million fewer people. The stay-at-home trend appears particularly strong among aging boomers, who stay tied to their suburban homes-close to family, friends, clubs, churches, and familiar surroundings. The trend will not

10、 bring back the comer grocery stores and the declining organizations-bowling leagues, Boy Scouts, and such-cited by Putnam and others as the traditional glue of American communities. Nor will our caroriented suburbs copy the close neighborhood feel so celebrated by romantic urbanists. Instead, were

11、evolving in ways fit for a postindustrial society. It will not spell the decline of Wal-Mart or Costco, but will express itself in scores of alternative institutions, such as thriving local weekly newspapers that have withstood the shift to the Internet far better than big-city dailies. Our less mob

12、ile nature is already reshaping the corporate world. The kind of corporate mobility described in Peter Kilborns recent book, Next Stop, Reloville: Life Inside Americas Rootless Professional Class, in which families relocate every couple of years so the breadwinner can reach a higher step on the mana

13、gerial ladder, will become less common in years ahead. A smaller group of corporate executives may still move from place to place, but surveys reveal many executives are now unwilling to move even for a good promotion. Why? Family and technology are two key factors working against mobility, in the w

14、orkplace and elsewhere. Family, as one Pew researcher notes, “matters more than money when people make decisions about where to live.“ Interdependence is replacing independence. More parents are helping their children financially well into their 30s and 40s; the numbers of “boomerang kids“ moving ba

15、ck home with their parents, has also been growing as job options and the ability to buy houses has decreased for the young. Recent surveys of the emerging generation suggest this family-centric focus will last well into the coming decades. Nothing allows for geographic choice more than the ability t

16、o work at home. Demographer (人口学家) Wendell Cox suggests there will be more people working electronically at home full time than taking mass transportation, making it the largest potential source of energy savings on transportation. In the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles, almost one in 10 work

17、ers is a part-time telecommuter. Some studies indicate that more than one quarter of the U.S. workforce could eventually participate in this new work pattern. Even IBM, whose initials were once jokingly said to stand for “Ive Been Moved,“ has changed its approach. About 40 percent of the companys wo

18、rkers now labor at home or remotely from a clients location. These home-based workers become critical to the localist economy. They will eat in local restaurants, attend fairs and festivals, take their kids to soccer practices, ballet lessons, or religious youth-group meetings. This is not merely a

19、suburban phenomenon; localism also means a stronger sense of identity for urban neighborhoods as well as smaller towns. Could the new localism also affect our future politics? Throughout our history, we have always preferred our politics more on the home-cooked side. On his visit to America in the e

20、arly 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville was struck by the de-centralized nature of the country. “The intelligence and the power are spread abroad,“ he wrote, “and instead of radiating from a point, they cross each other in every direction.“ This is much the same today. The majority of Americans still live

21、 in a combination of smaller towns and cities, including many suburban towns within large metropolitan regions. After decades of hurried mobility, we are seeing a return to placeness, along with more choices for individuals, families, and communities. For entrepreneurs like Kevin Culhane and his wor

22、kers at Churchills, its a phenomenon that may also offer a lease on years of new profits. “Were holding our own in these times because we appeal to the people around here,“ Culhane says. And as places like Long Island become less bedroom community and more round-the-clock location for work and play,

23、 hes likely to have plenty of hungry customers. （分数：70.00）(1).Most customers of Churchills Restaurant are_.（分数：7.00）A.touristsB.old customersC.newcomersD.drunks(2).With the economic recovery, new localism tends to _.（分数：7.00）A.influence future lessB.gradually die awayC.become strongerD.spread worldw

24、ide(3).What was undermining the society according to Robert Putnam?（分数：7.00）A.Spatial mobility.B.Suburbanization and growing mobility.C.Rootlessness and anomie.D.Civil malaise.(4).The stay-at home trends have accelerated since 2006 mainly because _.（分数：7.00）A.the recession began to expandB.the popul

25、ation increased greatlyC.it was harder to sell houses and find jobsD.the baby boomers had retired(5).What will the tendency of settledness result in?（分数：7.00）A.The decline of big supermarkets.B.Revival of traditional communities.C.Close neighborhood feel.D.Prosperity of local newspapers.(6).Aecordin

26、g to Kilborns book, people relocate constantly to _.（分数：7.00）A.find new challengesB.refresh themselvesC.get a promotionD.get independence(7).Demographer Wendell Cox predicates that _.（分数：7.00）A.the family-centric focus will be more commonB.more people will take full-time jobs at homeC.one in 10 peop

27、le will have a part time jobD.IBM will change its work pattern(8).When visiting the US in 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville found that the nature of the country was_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).With the fading of hurried mobility,_is returning, providing more choices for individuals, families and communities.（分数

28、：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The changes from bedroom community to_in places like Long Island make profits for local economy.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：7，分数：252.00)BSection A/B（分数：56.00）A.Phone the Village Inn for a reservation.B.Ask her parents to come some other time.C.Call each hotel in the area t

29、o check.D.Find a hotel close to the campus.A.The interview is very important for him.B.He has never been to an interview.C.He hasnt prepared for the interview.D.The interview is said to be quite demanding.A.The woman is going out for supper.B.The woman wants to eat some chocolate.C.The woman will go

30、 to a convenience store.D.The woman will go to a bar for a drink.A.He needs some tomato juice.B.His pants are stained.C.His pants need mending.D.His pants are missing.A.The woman has to remain in the class.B.The woman will have to finish the report.C.Dr. Brown enforces strict deadlines on work.D.He

31、would like to drop the class too.A.She is going to Venice.B.She travels around the world.C.She likes to collect postcards.D.She is going on vacation.A.Her notebook has got missing.B.Her handwriting is difficult to read.C.She needs to attend more lectures.D.She has lent her notes to someone else.A.Sh

32、es bored with the present job.B.She is going to make a move.C.She hates commuting to work.D.She has a bad sleep at night.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1).Where does the conversation most probably take place?（分数：7.00）A.At a bookstore.B.At a library.C

33、.On the telephone.D.At the student center.(2).What does the borrower have to do if the book is recalled?（分数：7.00）A.Return it as quickly as possible.B.Pay a fine because of the delayed return.C.Return it within 7 days of the recall notice.D.Return it within 7 days before the due date.(3).What will th

34、e library do if a student cant receive a recall notice?（分数：7.00）A.Send an email to him.B.Impose an overdue fine on him.C.Ask his roommates to give him a message.D.Give the notice to his teacher of his department.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1).What

35、 do we learn about the popularity of poetry in New Zealand?（分数：7.00）A.Poetry is popular among the general public.B.People there have no interest in poetry.C.Poetry is the most popular literature.D.People have no passion for writing poems.(2).How does the man think about poetry?（分数：7.00）A.Flowery wor

36、ds are the most shining point of poetry.B.Flowery words arent an absolute necessity for poetry.C.One can write poems easily after he has read much.D.He prefers a long novel to a short poem.(3).According to the conversation,what do we learn about Billy Collins?（分数：7.00）A.He has more readers than othe

37、r poets.B.He uses refined words in his poems.C.His poems express deep thoughts.D.His poems are interesting and excellent.(4).What trouble did the man ever have in writing a poem?（分数：7.00）A.Finding out a rhymed word with panda.B.Bringing the poem about panda to an end.C.Adding the name “Amanda“ into

38、a poem.D.Replacing panda with another word.BSection B/BPassage One （分数：21.00）(1).What is the purpose of Tommy Carters research?（分数：7.00）A.To find the similarity of soybeans in the world.B.To protect soybeans against dry condition.C.To collect materials for their papers.D.To study the impact of globa

39、l warming.(2).Why did Tommy Carter go to China for his soybean research?（分数：7.00）A.China is the only country to grow soybeans.B.China is the ancestral home of soybeans.C.China has a long history of growing soybeans.D.China has different kinds of soybeans.(3).What do we learn about the five germplasm

40、s Tommy Carters team found?（分数：7.00）A.They produce the same yield in different locations.B.They are suitable to grow only in the United States.C.They produce better quality soybeans under dry weather.D.They have better production under drought conditions.Passage Two （分数：28.00）(1).What does the speak

41、er tell us about todays Americans?（分数：7.00）A.They like mass produced things.B.They design things themselves and sell them.C.They make clothes and tools for themselves.D.They use crafts to decorate their homes.(2).According to the speaker,in what places are those large fairs held?（分数：7.00）A.In shoppi

42、ng centers or churches.B.In community or parking lots.C.On playgrounds or country grounds.D.In public parks or on county grounds.(3).What do the craft fairs offer to the children?（分数：7.00）A.Candies and toys.B.Clothes and gifts.C.Rides and shows.D.Rides and foods.(4).Why do people go to craft fairs r

43、ather than shopping at stores?（分数：7.00）A.Things in craft fairs have better quality than in stores.B.They want to buy things that are different and original.C.It is more convenient to buy things in craft fairs.D.They can buy everything they want in craft fairs.Passage Three （分数：21.00）(1).What do we l

44、earn about the sea in the modem technological world?（分数：7.00）A.It is the largest supplier of valuable minerals.B.It will disappear in about thirty years.C.It is beginning to grow smaller and smaller.D.It offers many resources to help mankind survive.(2).What kind of minerals can we find on the ocean

45、 floor?（分数：7.00）A.Iron and copper.B.Gold and copper.C.Nickel and bronze.D.Iron and bronze.(3).What do the experts believe will happen by the year 2050?（分数：7.00）A.The sea level will be 20 centimeters higher than it is now.B.The sea will be empty if we continue fishing at this pace.C.The problems to e

46、xplore the sea will have been largely solved.D.People will depend largely on sea foods and minerals.BSection C/BPeople whose jobs require them to sit for long periods of time suffer as much from back pain as people who lift all day long. Many researchers believe that the huge increase in back pain o

47、ver the past couple of U(36) /U has a lot to do with the fact that more and more of us are spending our work days in chairs. Many people have the U(37) /U that if their back pain becomes very severe, they can always resort to surgery. Nothing could be U(38) /U from the truth. The amount of pain some

48、one U(39) /U from has very little to do with whether or not he or she could U(40) /U from surgery. One British researcher has U(41) /U that for every 10,000 people who experience back pain, only four need surgery. And yet, one of the most frequently asked questions that back pain sufferers ask is: “Whos the best U(42) /U in town?“ Waste of time. Physicians today U(43) /U physical activity and the use of posture(姿势) support clothes to promote exercise while supporting back muscles. U (44) /U Two or three days of bed rest is now the norm. Physically speaking, U(45)