大学六级-931及答案解析.doc

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1、大学六级-931 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.近来，许多经典名著被改写成各种版本以供大众娱乐2这种现象产生的原因3我的看法On the Adaptation of the Classics_（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Trust Me, Im a RobotWith robots now emerging from their industrial cages and moving into homes and workplaces,

2、roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. Inspired by the Pugwash Conferencesan international group of scientists, academies and acti

3、vists founded in 1957 to campaign for the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons the new group of robo-ethicists met earlier this year in Genoa, Italy, and announced their initial findings in March at the European Robotics Symposium in Palermo, Sicily.“Security and safety are the big concerns,“ says H

4、enrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes? Is “system malfunction“ a justifiable defence for a robotic fighter plane that contraven

5、es (违反) the Geneva Convention and mistakenly fires on innocent civilians?“These questions may seem hard to understand but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant,“ says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europes World Robotics Survey, in 200

6、2 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly surpassing their industrial counterparts. By the end of 2003 there were more than 600,000 robot vacuum cleaners and lawn mowersa figure predicted to rise to more than 4m by the end of next year. Japanese industrial firms are racin

7、g to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100% of house holds should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety guidelines now, says Dr. Christensen.Stop right thereSo what exa

8、ctly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? “Not enough,“ says Blay Whitby. This is hardly surprising given that the field of “safety-critical computing“ is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly taking an interest in trying to mak

9、e robots safer. One approach, which .sounds simple enough, is try to pro gram them to avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Get ting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough without having to take into account what its various limbs or a

10、ppendages might bump into along the way.“Regulating the behaviour of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them,“ says Gianmarco Veruggio. “As a result, their behaviour will become impossible to predict fully,“ h

11、e says, “since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behaviour as they go.“Then there is the question of unpredictable failures. What happens if a robots motors stop working, or it suffers a system failure just as it is performing heart surgery or handing you a cup of hot c

12、offee? You can, of course, build in redundancy by adding backup systems, says Hirochika Inoue. But this guarantees nothing, he says. “One hundred per cent safety is impossible through technology,“ says Dr. Inoue. This is because ultimately no matter how thorough you are, you can not anticipate the u

13、npredictable nature of human behaviour, he says. Or to put it another way, no matter how sophisticated your robot is at avoiding people, people might not always manage to avoid it, and could end up tripping over it and falling down the stairs.Legal problemsIn any case, says Dr. Inoue, the laws reall

14、y just summarize commonsense principles that are already applied to the design of most modern appliances, both domestic and industrial. Every toaster, lawn mower and mobile phone is designed to minimize the risk of causing injuryyet people still manage to electrocute (电死) themselves, lose fingers or

15、 fall out of windows in an effort to get a better signal. At the very least, robots must meet the rigorous safety standards that cover existing products. The question is whether new, robot-specific rules are neededand, if so, what they should say.“Making sure robots are safe will be critical,“ says

16、Colin Angle of iRobot, which has sold over 2m “Roomba“ household-vacuuming robots. But he argues that his firms robots are, in fact, much safer than some popular toys. “A radio-controlled car controlled by a six-year old is far more dangerous than a Roomba,“ he says. If you tread on a Roomba, it wil

17、l not cause you to slip over; instead, a rubber pad on its base grips the floor and prevents it from moving. “Existing regulations will address much of the challenge,“ says Mr. Angle. “Im not yet convinced that robots are sufficiently different that they deserve special treatment.“Robot safety is li

18、kely to surface in the civil courts as a matter of product liability. “When the first robot carpet-sweeper sucks up a baby, who will be to blame?“ asks John Hallam, a professor at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. If a robot is autonomous and capable of learning, can its designer be held

19、 responsible for all its actions? Today the answer to these questions is generally “yes“. But as robots grow in complexity it will become a lot less clear cut, he says.“Right now, no insurance company is prepared to insure robots,“ says Dr. Inoue. But that will have to change, he says. Last month, J

20、apans Ministry of Trade and Industry announced a set of safety guidelines for home and office robots. They will be required to have sensors to help them avoid collisions with humans; to be made from soft and light materials to minimize harm if a collision does occur; and to have an emergency shut-of

21、f button. This was largely prompted by a big robot exhibition held last summer, which made the authorities realize that there are safety implications when thousands of people are not just looking at robots, but mingling with them, says Dr. Inoue.However, the idea that general-purpose robots, capable

22、 of learning, will become widespread is wrong, suggests Mr. Angle. It is more likely, he believes, that robots will be relatively dumb machines designed for particular tasks. Rather than a humanoid robot maid, “its going to be a heterogeneous (不同种类的) swarm of robots that will take care of the house,

23、“ he says.（分数：70.00）(1).What was the Pugwash Conferences intended to advocate?（分数：7.00）A.The non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.B.Safe robots in all aspects of life.C.Robot-ethics in the new century.D.Restrie6on on the use of robots as a weapon.(2).Henrik Christensen is most concerned about whethe

24、r robots are _.（分数：7.00）A.harmlessB.powerfulC.intelligentD.durable(3).It is expected that there are 4 million robot vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers in _ .（分数：7.00）A.2002B.2003C.2004D.2005(4).Japanese firms are competing in the production of robots specifically _.（分数：7.00）A.used in car factoriesB.use

25、d in hospitalsC.helping the old peopleD.helping the school kids(5).Blay Whitby pointed out that people only began to be aware of the safety issue _.（分数：7.00）A.when household robots were inventedB.when robots were in wide useC.after some grave accidentsD.ten years or so ago(6).Gianmarco Veruggio thin

26、ks that it is difficult to regulate robots behaviour due to their _.（分数：7.00）A.unpredictable failuresB.self-learning mechanismsC.automatic navigational systemsD.possession of human-like personalities(7).Right now, the laws can only summarize commonsense principles so as to _.（分数：7.00）A.deal with pos

27、sible robot-related lawsuitsB.limit the number of robots productionC.monitor the disposal of dangerous robotsD.reduce the chance of injury caused by robots(8).Colin Angle considers robots are not so different as to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to John Hallam, who should be responsible for the har

28、m done by robots in the future will not be so _ as it is now.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Mr. Angle says a heterogeneous swarm of robots will take care of the house instead of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.They have to bargain on the sale.B.The TV set is

29、usually on sale.C.They advertise to sell their TV set.D.They go to buy a TV set at a bargain price.A.The effects of the flood.B.The prices of fruits and vegetables.C.The cause of the flood.D.Floods of the past twenty years.A.They waited for each other at different concerts.B.They waited for each oth

30、er at different places.C.They went to the street corner at different times.D.The man went to the concert but the woman didnt.A.The air is contaminated.B.People there are exhausted.C.Its too windy for swimming.D.The beaches are dirty.A.Its open only to teachers and postgraduates.B.He can study there

31、if he is writing a research paper.C.Senior students can enjoy more rights than other undergraduates.D.He needs the approval of his professor for the use of it.A.It was pretty good.B.It was rather dull.C.It was not well organized.D.It was attended by many people.A.Ways of getting extra credits.B.All

32、requirements of an M.A. degree.C.The credit hours required for a degree.D.Taking more optional courses.A.He has many interesting dreams.B.He sleeps a lot without doing anything.C.He doesnt put his ideas into practice.D.He doesnt have any good ideas.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation yo

33、u have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Which country should be allowed to have nuclear weapons.B.The time for their next coffee appointment.C.Whether it is meaningful to go to the demonstration.D.The bus arrangement to and from the campus.A.She is determined not to get involved as others.B.She is worried mor

34、e about her study than anything else.C.She is a little angry with the mans arrangement.D.She is not very interested in political science.A.To persuade her to take the school bus with him.B.To ask for her help in physics examination.C.To find out her attitude toward demonstrations.D.To persuade her t

35、o take part in the demonstration.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Narrow down the topic of her article.B.Read and revise her essay.C.Provide some facts for her opinion.D.Give her some advice on writing a paper.A.Keeping her topic focused and supporting

36、 her opinions with facts.B.Reading extensively and collecting as much reference as possible.C.Avoiding sensitive political points and seeking more power.D.Having discussions with employees and giving them more freedom.A.By listing womens responses to different parties.B.By discussing womens voting r

37、ights in democracies.C.By quoting the percentage of women officers in governments.D.By calling for womens voting rights in her own country.A.By reading her polished essay.B.By proofreading her first draft.C.By bringing her some reference books.D.By examining her outline.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Pa

38、ssage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The Japanese mathematic teachers.B.Both the speaker and his German friend.C.Both Americans and immigrants.D.The son of the speakers German friend.A.Do present-day children learn less than their forefathers in the go

39、od old days?B.Why do Japanese businessmen send their children to Japanese-staffed schools?C.Why cant American children memorize enough geographic information?D.Is American education really worse than education in other countries?A.Children in California are not likely to learn creative geography.B.C

40、hildren in private schools run by Japanese are smarter.C.They experiment freely with ideas and become creative when they grow up.D.They are less innovative than other children in the world.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Early newspapers in Engl

41、and.B.The early history of magazines.C.The life of Daniel Defoe.D.Differences between newspapers and magazines.A.It had many more pages than newspapers.B.It was given away for free.C.It dealt with issues rather than events.D.It was more widely available than newspapers,A.It was not really a magazine

42、.B.It featured a variety of articles and stories.C.It was praised by readers of poetry.D.It was unpopular with politicians.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.It has a personal style.B.It sounds very familiar to our ears.C.It is one whose style yo

43、u cannot recognize.D.It does not belong to any composer.A.It combines different feelings together.B.It can express some very confusing feelings.C.It exaggerates some special feelings.D.It expresses feelings in an appropriate way.A.The newer the music is, the longer time it will last.B.It is easy for

44、 music to gain a permanent status.C.Good music always stands the test of time.D.Good music neednt be tested by time.A.Pop musics biggest test is the test of time.B.Pop musics tunes do not have very clear styles.C.Pop music may not express any important feeling at all.D.Pop music may exaggerate some

45、feelings.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)It is commonly held that drinking moderate amounts of alcohol can reduce the odds of having a deadly heart attack. More (36) benefits to the heart have (37) when people had three to seven drinks per day. But doctors advise against that because heavy drinking is as

46、sociated with a (38) of problems. It can be liver damages or (39) fertility. Dr. Pekka Karhunen, of the University of Tampere in Finland, said that (40) reports that one or two alcoholic drinks per day could help (41) off heart disease. That appeared to have been “ (42) “. Of his study, released at

47、the American Heart Associations (43) meeting, Karhunen said in an interview that “there is no danger in one or two drinks per day, but the benefit is quite low.“ (44) . The drinks include beer, wine or liquor. Karhunen and his colleagues chose 700 Finnish men who had died between the ages of 33 and

48、70. The researchers (45) .The scientists found that having fewer than three drinks per day did not reduce the progress of any heart disease and only “slightly“ minimized the chance of having a fatal heart attack. (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：45.00)Question