【考研类试卷】真核生物的遗传分析、细菌的遗传分析(一)及答案解析.doc

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1、真核生物的遗传分析、细菌的遗传分析(一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Vienna was one of the music centers of Europe during the classical period, and Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were all active there. As the (1) of the Holy Roman Empire (which included parts of present-day Austria, Germ

2、any, Italy, Hungary, Czech and Slovakia), it was a (2) cultural and commercial center (3) a cosmopolitan character. Its population of almost 250,000 (in 1800) made Vienna the fourth largest city in Europe. All three (4) masters were born elsewhere, but they were (5) to Vienna to study and to seek (6

3、) . In Vienna, Haydn and Mozart became close friends and influenced each others musical (7) . Beethoven traveled to Vienna at sixteen to play for Mozart; at twenty-two, he returned to study with Haydn.Aristocrats from all over the Empire spent the winter in Vienna, sometimes bringing their private (

4、8) . Music was an important part of court life, and a good orchestra was a (9) of prestige. Many of the nobility were excellent musicians.Much music was heard in (10) concerts where aristocrats and wealthy commoners played (11) professional musicians. Mozart and Beethoven often earned money by perfo

5、rming in these intimate concerts. The nobility (12) hired servants who could (13) as musicians. An advertisement in the Vienna Gazette of 1789 (14) : “ Wanted, for a house of the gentry, a manservant who knows how to play the violin well. “In Vienna there was also (15) music, light and popular in (1

6、6) . Small street bands of wind and string players played at garden parties or under the windows of people (17) to throw (18) money. Haydn and Mozart wrote many outdoor entertainment (19) , (20) they called divertimentos or serenades. Viennas great love of music and its enthusiastic demand for new w

7、orks made it the chosen city of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.（分数：10.00）(1).A seat B setting C settlement D sitting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A romantic B bustling C integrated D antique（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A of B by C within D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A great B brilliant C unique D classical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.

8、D.(5).A drawn B pulled C chosen D drew（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A admission B acknowledgement C recognition D appraisal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A style B genre C theme D emotion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A theatre B orchestra C court D troupe（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A symbol B sign C sight D signal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10

9、).A famous B popular C private D personal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A along B alongside C among D between（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A likely B presumably C frequently D considerably（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A double B both C either D neither（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A says B writes C reads D appears（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(

10、15).A public B folk C bard D outdoor（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A tune B tone C voice D hue（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A surely B likely C prefer D refer（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A off B away C about D down（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A music B melody C pieces D series（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A what B which C that D where（分数

11、：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on your bodys ability to fight off heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones. With remarkab

12、le consistency, recent research has found that a diet high in plant-based foodsfruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoesis the bodys best weapon in thwarting many health-related problems. These foods work against so many diseases that the same healthy ing

13、redients you might use to protect your heart or ward off cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones.Scientists have recently estimated that approximately 30 to 40 percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat

14、, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional value. Up to 70 percent of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and controlled their weight. In the past, researchers had linked fat consumption with the development of cancers, but they currently believe

15、that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more important in preventing the disease than not eating fat. “The evidence about a high-fat diet and cancer seemed a lot stronger several years ago than it does now,“ says Melanie Polk, a registered dietitian and director of nutrition education at t

16、he American Institute for Cancer Research.The road to strong bones is paved with calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into your skeletal system and keeps your bones from turning rubbery and fragile. You

17、r body uses calcium for more than keeping your bones strong. Calcium permits cells, to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. If you dont absorb enough from what you eat to satisfy these requirements, yo

18、ur body will take it from your bones. Because your body doesnt produce this essential mineral, you must continually replenish the supply. Even though the recommended daily amount is 1,200mg, most adults dont eat more than 500mg. One reason may have been the perception that calcium-rich dairy product

19、s were also loaded with calories. “In the past, women, in particular, worried that dairy products were high in calories,“ says Letha Y. Griffin, M. D. , of Peachtree Orthopaedics in Atlanta. “But today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low

20、-fat yogurt.“ Also, low-fat dairy products contain phosphorous and magnesium and are generally fortified with vitamin D, all of which help your body absorb and use calcium. If you find it difficult to include enough calcium in your diet, ask your doctor about supplements. Theyre a potent way to get

21、calcium as well as vitamin D and other minerals. But if you rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet, you wont benefit from the other nutrients that food provides. Getting the recommended vitamin D may be easy, since your body makes the vitamin when your skin is exposed to the suns rays.（分数：10.0

22、0）(1).Which kind of food is recommended to prevent heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones?A Calcium-rich food. B Plant-based and starchy staples food.C High-fat, high-calorie food. D Vitamin D-rich food.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The underlined word “thwart“ (Para. 1)

23、 most probably means“_“A destroy B forbidC cure D prevent（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3)._percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles.A 30-40 B 40-50C 50-60 D 60-70（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage

24、, cancers may take some healthy steps other than_.A stop smoking B exercise regularlyC take non-fat diet D control their weight（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?A Today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low

25、-fat yogurt.B Calcium plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells.C You can rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet to take enough calcium.D If you want to absorb calcium, you should expose yourself to the suns rays.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As w

26、ith many a grown-up sporting star, the first hint of greatness came at an early age for Lewis Hamilton. As an eight-year-old at his first kart race, he charged “more like a mature driver than a novice,“ remembers Martin Hines, owner of the Zip Kart racing company. Scything his way through the field

27、just outside London, Hamilton had a confident style that seemed different from normal rookies, Hines says. “There was a little spark about him.“ Now 22, and in his debut season in Formula Onehe became the first black driver to make it onto the grid in motor racings blue-ribbon championship.His succe

28、ss and profile that have earned young Hamilton comparisons with other sporting greats. His color Hamiltons grandfather came to Britain from Grenada in the 50sand the positive influence of his father, Anthony, have drawn parallels with Tiger Woods. Hamilton acknowledges that his participation could s

29、toke interest among ethnic groups who may not be into the sport now. “Hopefully people that can relate to me will see that its possible and also try to get into the sport,“ he told the BBC. Moreover, his youth, good looks and wholesome image are also likely to get marketers fired up.Countless more k

30、arting titles followed before 2001. He “made seasoned drivers look silly,“ says Tony Shaw, Hamiltons then team manager at Manor Motorsport. Hamiltons raw, natural speed and canny race craft nudged him closer to the big leagues. Hamiltons “understanding of when and where to overtake and how to take a

31、dvantage of a situation is very advanced,“ Shaw says.At his first crack at GP2, the training ground for Formula One, Hamilton dominated the 2006 season with a series of blistering drives on his way to the title. Hamilton is “not worried about showing or doing what hes used to doing just because its

32、Formula One,“ says Hill. For many new drivers, “thats an enormous hurdle.“ With the retirement last year of seven-time world champion Michael Schumacher, theres one less rival for Hamilton to negotiate.And Hamilton is certainly not short on confidence. When he first met Ron Dennisnow his Formula One

33、 team bossas a 10-year-old in a borrowed suit, Hamilton promptly told him he wanted to drive for McLaren. Three years later, he joined the teams support program for promising young drivers. But, say former team managers, hes ready to listen and learn when things go wrong. Hamilton has a rare “capaci

34、ty to question himselfto analyze very clearly after a race,“ says Frederic Vasseur, general manager at the ART Grand Prix team behind Hamiltons GP2 championship.As for whether hell become the Tiger Woods of the sport, its too early to know whether he can live up to those standards. But for now, his

35、fans are bullish. Damon Hill was the last British driver to take the world crown. And its Hamilton, Hill says, “who looks likely to be the next./（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the first paragraph thatA Lewis Hamilton seemed different from normal rookies because of his racing gift.B Lewis Hamilton i

36、s always confident since he is an eight-year-old.C Lewis Hamilton grows up in British.D Lewis Hamilton was much better than peer drivers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which is the most important reason why Lewis Hamilton “parallels with Tiger Woods“?A Both of them first hint their greatness at an early age.B

37、 Hamiltons grandfather came to Britain from Grenada in the 50s, the positive influence of his father and his color.C Both of them can get market fire up.D Both of them have large influence on many kinds of ethnic groups to participate in sports and society.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following

38、 statements is true according to the passage?A Why Hamilton is closer to the big leagues is his raw, natural speed and canny race craft.B Hamilton is flexible at when and where in racing track.C Retirement of Michael Schumacher is beneficial to Hamilton.D Hamiltons capacity to question himself is th

39、e only reason of his success.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which word is most similar in meaning to “bullish“ (Line 2, Last paragraph)?A Optimistic. B Foolish. C Obstinate. D Fevered.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which one is the best title of the passage?A Lewis Hamilton: A Rising Sport StarB Lewis Hamilton: The Tig

40、er Woods of Racing?C Lewis Hamilton: Motor Racings First Black DriverD Lewis Hamilton: A Super Motor Racing Driver（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)No blueprint exists for transforming an economy from one with a great deal of government control to one based almost solely on free market princi

41、ples. Yet the experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works: privatization, in which under-performing state-owned are sold to private companies.By 1979, the total amount of debt, liabilities, and losses for state-controlled enterprises in the UK topped 3 billion a

42、nnually. By selling off many of these companies, particularly those in the depressed industrial sector, the government decreased its debt burden and ceased pumping public funds into money losing enterprises. According to government spokesperson Alistair McBride, “Far from past practice of throwing g

43、ood money after bad, the Queens government this year expects to take in 34 billion from the proceeds of the sale.“ That, say some analysts, may only be the beginning. Privatization has not only been credited with rescuing whole industries but the nations economy to boot.Due to increased tax revenues

44、 from the newly privatized companies along with a rebound in the overall economy, economic forecasters predict that Britain will be able to repay nearly 12.5% of the net national debt within two years. That is good news indeed for the economy as a whole at a time when many sectors are desperate for

45、any ray of sunshine. British Airways this week announced a 20% jump in overall ticket sales and profits over this quarter a year ago. British Gas announced its first profitable quarter in nine years. At Associated British Ports, a new labor contract was finalized, the first union contract signed at

46、the port without a work stoppage in twelve years. Closer to home for most Britons, the nations phone service, British Telecom, no longer puts new subscribers on a waiting list. Prior to privatization, new customers would sometimes have to wait months before phone service could be installed in their

47、home. Now, according to a company press release, British Telecom is promising 24-hour turnaround for all new customers.Part of this improved productivity has to do with new efforts to allow employees to hold a stake in the companys future. Companies now give their employees stock options that allow

48、employees to share in the companys success (and profits). The response has been enthusiastic to say the least. At British Aerospace; 89% of those eligible to buy company shares did so. At British Telecom nearly 92% of eligible employees took part. Finally, at Associated British Ports, long synonymous with union disagreements, walkouts, and labor strife, almost 90% of employees now can call themselves owners of the company.“When people have a personal stake in something,“ said Henry Dundee of Associated British Ports, “they think about it, they care about, they work to make it prosper.“ At t