【考研类试卷】核外遗传分析、转座因子的遗传分析及答案解析.doc

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1、核外遗传分析、转座因子的遗传分析及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Bible is the great work of the religious literature and was in process of formation for about twelve hundred years. The Bible is composed of (1) , legend, biography, genealogies, ethics, law, proverbial wisdom, sermon

2、s, prophesy, lyric poetry, hymns and theology. It is not only (2) a book but a (3) of books. The Bible (4) two major (5) , the Old Testament and the NewTestament. The Old Testament was written originally almost entirely (6) Hebrew with a little Aramaic, from the eleventh to the second century BC. It

3、 is the national (7) literature of the people of Israel. The New Testament was written in Greek from about 40 AD to 150. It 8 the earliest documents (9) the life, teaching, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus and the establishment of the (10) church. The (11) work is from the first book Genesis, t

4、o the last,Revelations. The (12) and richness of the Bible (13) literature (14) the Old Testament are unparalleled. In the literary (15) , poetry, The Bible is 16 . The Bible is an assemblage of literature. It is in a unique (17) among the worlds books (18) the richness of its (19) and spiritual val

5、ues. It can be called the (20) of books.（分数：10.00）(1).A fiction B history C novel D drama（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A presumably B shortly C presently D simply（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A collection B constitution C criticism D contradiction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A makes B moderates C comprises D composes（分数：0.50

6、）A.B.C.D.(5).A diversion B distinction C divisions D discrepancy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A on B by C with D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A permanent B religious C identical D theoretical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A contains B contaminates C commends D commences（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A through B on C within D by（分数：0.

7、50）A.B.C.D.(10).A Catholic B contemporary C Christian D confidential（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A vast B valid C verbal D virtual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A divorce B distress C dismay D diversity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A as B for C of D by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A traditionally B conversely C especially D practi

8、cally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A standard B form C stand D formation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A cunning B promising C underlying D surpassing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A place B venue C position D site（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A for B on C in D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A greedy B artistic C practical D absurd（分数：0.50

9、）A.B.C.D.(20).A chapter B poem C romance D book（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It seemed so promisingmirrors sprawled across desert land in the scorching southwest delivering clean electricity and helping Americans out of the increas

10、ing fuel crisis. Some scientists and industry developers claim that Nevadas empty and sun-drenched expanses alone could supply enough electricity to power the entire country. Now even the optimists fear this wonderful prospect may be a mirage. Congress cannot make up their mind to extend the tax-red

11、ucing bill for solar-energy projects, which solar advocates say is critical to the future of their industry but which is due to expire at the end of the year. The latest attempt failed in the Senate earlier this month, prospects for a deal before Novembers presidential and congressional elections no

12、w look dim. Uncertainty has led some investors to delay or abandon projects in the past few months. Rhone Resch, the president of the Solar Energy Industries Association, said if the tax-reducing bill is allowed to expire at the end of the year, “it will result in the loss of billions of dollars in

13、new investments in solar. “ Further dampening hopes for a big solar-energy boom, the federal Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has abruptly suspended new applications to put solar collectors on federal land. The agency says it has received more than 130 applications and needs to conduct a region-wide

14、environmental impact study on the industry before it will accept any more. The study will take 22 months to complete, however. Few argue against trying to preserve precious water sources and protect desert tortoises and other creatures that might not enjoy cohabiting with sprawling fields of mirrors

15、. But many solar advocates wonder why the government is not acting as cautiously when it comes to drilling for oil and gas. Senator Maria Cantwell, a Democrat from Washington State, wants a congressional probe into the proposed suspension. “The fact that the BLM pops this out without people even kno

16、wing about it, especially when solar thermal looks extremely promising as a power source, is not right,“ she says. Harry Reid of Nevada, who is the majority leader in the Senate, also condemns the BLMs freeze, saying that it could “slow new development to a crawl“. The BLM is not without its support

17、ers, however. At a public meeting on June 23rd in Golden, Colorado, Alex Daue, of the Wilderness Society, said that his organization supports renewable energy development as long as it doesnt damage other important resources. The message is clear: no rubber stamps, even for renewable energy.（分数：10.0

18、0）(1).“mirrors sprawled across desert land“ is mentioned to_. A show the technology of solar energy B spotlight the high technology in the United States C introduce the prospect of solar energy D explain how to make use of Nevadas empty and sun-drenched expanses（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2). The word “mirage

19、“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means_. A insight B craze C vision D prospect（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Senator Maria Cantwell,_. A the BLM should suspend new applications to put solar collectors on federal land B the BLM should not suspend new applications to put solar collectors on fe

20、deral land C the congress should decide whether to suspend new applications or not D the congress should send experts to help the BLM to make decisions（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the last sentence of the text mean? A Even the project of renewable energy should not be granted. B Even the project o

21、f renewable energy should not produce wastes. C Even the project of renewable energy should not pollute the environment. D Even the project of renewable energy should not be suspended.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following titles is closest to the message the text tries to convey? A Renewable E

22、nergy B A heavy Blow for Solar Energy C Environment and Solar Energy D Do We Need Solar Energy?（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of

23、 black Americans. He challenged what is called the “Tuskegee machine” of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the U. S. . As a sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided.Unlike Washington, wh

24、ose roots were in southern black agriculture, Du Boiss career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studie

25、s of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in w

26、hich he examined that citys black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Boiss Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America.Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905,

27、which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have genui

28、ne equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolize

29、d by any special class or race.As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in

30、nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the “talented tenth”, according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college educatio

31、n in preparation for leadership.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “Tuskegee machine” (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers toA the established educational system.B a kind of tool.C the thoughts of Booker T. Washington.D the supporters of Booker T. Washington.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is mo

32、st likely Du Boiss belief?A The blacks have a priority in terms of education.B Higher education should be free for all races.C Everyone has an equal right to education.D Development in education should be gradual.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A

33、Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order.B Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology.C Washington would support a determined and activist leadership.D The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Compared with Booke

34、r T. Washington, Du Boiss stance wasA less popular. B more radical.C less aggressive. D more conservative.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA many blacks were prepared for leadership.B Du Bois was in favor of “elite education” for blacks.C Washington and Du Bois had

35、 never been friends.D only the top 10 percent were worth educating.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Back in the 1870s, Charles Darwins cousin Francis Galeton wanted to define the face of a criminal. He assembled photographs of men convicted of heinous crimes and made a composite by lining th

36、em up on a single photographic plate. The surprise: everybody liked the villain, including Galton himself. He reasoned that the villainous irregularities he supposed belonged to criminal faces had disappeared in the averaging process. In the next century, scientists began to show reliably that faces

37、 combined digitally on computers were likablemore so than the individual faces from which they were composed. Although people clearly admire the long legs of Brazilian model Ana Hickmann or Dolly Partons breasts, in general humans like averages.Researchers confirmed that humans judge real faces by t

38、heir differences or similarities from a norm. But they also found that the norm can change quickly: When researchers showed 164 people sets of 100 computer-generated faces representing a slow transition from male to femaleand from Japanese to Caucasianit turned out that the test subjects idea of wha

39、t constitute an “average“ face shifted depending on the first face they saw. When they were flashed a super masculine face first, more faces on the spectrum impressed them, by contrast, as female. The masculine face had, in effect, set a standard. From then on, other faces had to be more masculine i

40、n order to rate as belonging to the gender. The study noted a similar shift using a scale of faces moving from surprise to disgust.The authors, who published their results in the journal Nature, conclude that in real life we also quickly change ore“ perception of the midpointwhats normaldepending on

41、 what we see. We may not be aware that our judgment has changed; we simply see differently, says Michael Webster, a psychologist at the University of Nevada in Reno and coauthor of the study.One implication is that individual and social attitudes toward whats acceptable, and whats beautiful, change

42、over time. “If you look at plastic-surgery trends, in the 1950s and 1960s you saw little upturned noses,“ notes Harvard psychologist Nancy Etcoff, author of the book Survival of the Prettiest : The Science of Beauty. “Now the noses are broader and the lips are plumper. Were seeing images from around

43、 the globe, and its changing our idea of the average. “ So if youre unhappy with some aspect of your face, take comfort: beauty is a moving target.（分数：10.00）(1).Francis Gahons test shows that_.A people prefer average faces to those with conspicuous featuresB sometimes evil persons have more attracti

44、ve appearanceC it is hard to distinguish between criminals and ordinary peopleD the result of trying to read faces is a shock to average people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By mentioning the experiment in the second paragraph, the author implies that_.A our definition of whats normal varies with genderB our

45、focus of attention varies with gender and ageC our definition of whats average changes over timeD our focus of attention is distracted when interfered（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).If researchers want the subjects to regard more faces as male, they should present_.A a more masculine face first B a more femini

46、ne face firstC a less masculine face first D a less feminine face first（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “perception“ in the third paragraph probably means_.A observation B standardC performance D understanding（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can infer from the last paragraph that_.A upturned noses will soon be

47、considered beautifulB defects in facial features may someday be appealingC plastic-surgery is a well-developed industryD people should be confident of their appearance（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Artificial hearts have long been the stuff of science fiction. In “Robocop“, snazzy cardiac

48、devices are made by Yamaha and Jensen, and in “Star Trek“, Jean-Luc Picard, captain of the Enterprise, has one implanted in the year 2328. In the present day, however, their history has been more chequered. The first serious attempt to build one happened in the 1980s, when Jarvik-7, made by Robert Jarvik, a surgeon at the University of Utah, captured the worlds attention. But Jarvik-7 was a complicated affair that needed to be connected via tubes to machines outside the body. The patient could not go home, nor even turn around in bed. Vari