【考研类试卷】考研英语（阅读）-试卷181及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 181 及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：7，分数：70.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Their defenders say they are motivated, versatile w

2、orkers who are just what companies need in these difficult times. To others, however, the members of “Generation Y“those born in the 1980s and 1990s, otherwise known as the Net Generationare spoiled, narcissistic idlers who cannot spell and waste too much time on instant messaging and Facebook. Ah,

3、reply the Net Geners, but all thatmessing around online proves that we are computer-literate multi-taskers who are adept users of online collaborative tools, and natural team players. And, while you are on the subject of me, I need a month“s vacation to reconsider my personal goals. This culture cla

4、sh has been going on in many organizations and has lately seeped into management books. The Net Geners have grown up with computers; they are brimming with self-confidence; and they have been encouraged to challenge received wisdom, to find their own solutions to problems and to treat work as a rout

5、e to personal fulfillment rather than merely a way of putting food on the table. Not all of this makes them easy to manage. Bosses complain that after a childhood of being spoiled and praised, Net Geners demand far more frequent feedback and an over-precise set of objectives on the path to promotion

6、.In a new report from PricewaterhouseCoopers, a consultancy, 61% of chief executives say they have trouble recruiting and integrating younger employees. For those hard-to-please older managers, the current recession is the joyful equivalent of hiding an alarm clock in a sleeping teenager“s bedroom.

7、Once again, the touchy-feely management fads that always spring up in years of plenty are being ditched in favor of more brutal command-and-control methods. Having grown up in good times, Net Geners have labored under the illusion that the world owed them a living. But hopping between jobs to find o

8、ne that meets your inner spiritual needs is not so easy when there are no jobs to hop to. And as for that vacation: here“s a permanent one, sunshine. In fact, compromise will be necessary on both sides. Net Geners will certainly have to lower some of their expectations and take the world as it is, n

9、ot as they would like it to be. But their older bosses should also be prepared to make concessions. The economy will eventually recover, and demographic trends in most rich countries will make clever young workers even more valuable. Besides, many of the things that keep Net Geners happy are worth d

10、oing anyway. But for the moment at least, the Facebook-ers are under heavy criticism.（分数：10.00）(1).In the eyes of the critics of the Net Generation, the Net Geners are characterized as _.（分数：2.00）A.aimless and incompetentB.self-isolated and arrogantC.self-centered and indulgedD.selfish and uncoopera

11、tive(2).According to Paragraph 2, Net Geners are not easy to manage in that _.（分数：2.00）A.they“ve attached too much importance to the personal fulfillmentB.they“ve been courageous enough to challenge the authoritiesC.they“ve had excessive confidence in themselvesD.they“ve required excessive responses

12、 and goals(3).The word “touchy-feely“ (Para. 3) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.caringB.cold-bloodedC.recklessD.interesting(4).We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes _.（分数：2.00）A.Net Geners should give up their expectationsB.older bosses should give the Net Geners whatever th

13、ey wantC.both Net Geners and bosses should face the realityD.both Net Geners and bosses should learn to concede(5).What is the author“s attitude towards Net Geners?（分数：2.00）A.Supportive.B.Objective.C.Biased.D.Pessimistic.Superior customer service can be an essential source of strength as companies e

14、merge from the recession, but managers need to understand the extent to which the consumer landscape has shifted. Weakened brands, customers“ easy access to information about vendors, and the erosion of barriers to switching a-mong competitors have combined to create a much more challenging environm

15、entfor service, whether it“s outsourced or delivered in-house. Evidence shows that customers will no longer tolerate the rushed and inconvenient service that has become all too common. Instead, they are looking for a satisfying experience. Companies that provide it will win their loyalty. Our recent

16、 research demonstrates that when customers contact companies for service, they care most about two things: Is the frontline employee knowledgeable? And is the problem resolved on the first call? Yet those factors often aren“t even on customer-service managers“ dashboards. Most service centers contin

17、ue to measure time on hold and minutes per call, as they have for decades. Such metrics encourage agents to hurry through callsresulting in just the kind of experience customers dislike. More than half of the customers we surveyed across industries say they“ve had a bad service experience, and nearl

18、y the same fraction think many of the companies they interact with don“t understand or care about them. On average, 40% of customers who suffer through bad experiences stop doing business with the offending company. To get a better understanding of what customers experience, managers should draw on

19、a variety of information sources, including customer satisfaction surveys, behavioral data collected through self-service channels, and recorded customer-agent conversations. In addition, companies must revise processes to give agents the leeway and authority to meet individual customers“ needs and

20、provide positive, satisfying experiences. In evaluating service, managers should measure across all channels the percentage of customer problems resolved within the first contact, determine what is at the root of problems that aren“t settled in one call, and make any necessary changes. They should a

21、lso aim to have consistently high-quality interactions between customers and frontline employees. That may sound costly, but knowledge-management systems, speech recognition for automated calls, and other technologies can help to substantially offset the expense. Some executives believe that irritat

22、ed customers will forgive vendors and come back for more. Our research indicates that, on the contrary, alienated customers often disappear without the slightest warning. And as companies rebuild themselves after the recession, this silent attrition represents a host of lost opportunities for future

23、 sales and positive word of mouth.（分数：10.00）(1).Providing superior customer service now is more challenging mainly because _.（分数：2.00）A.companies have just recovered from the economic recessionB.consumers can easily change vendors thanks to the InternetC.customers prefer services delivered in-house

24、to outsourced onesD.consumers have come to demand satisfying customer services(2).It is indicated in Paragraph 2 that _.（分数：2.00）A.customers today are demanding and hastyB.most customer-service managers are lazyC.customer service needs to change with the timesD.customers surveyed don“t care about th

25、e service(3).We can infer from Paragraph 3 that companies _.（分数：2.00）A.did not understand what customers experiencedB.did not record customer-agent conversationsC.did not allow agents to provide individualized serviceD.did not have enough money to collect information(4).High-quality interactions bet

26、ween customers and frontline employees _.（分数：2.00）A.can settle the problems at the first shotB.call for a radical change within the companyC.should be one of managers“ consistent pursuitsD.are too expensive for a company to implement(5).According to the author, offended customers are most likely to

27、_.（分数：2.00）A.tolerate the vendors“ bad serviceB.continue business with the vendorsC.warn and accuse the vendorsD.leave and switch to another vendorAthletes who cheat by injecting themselves with stored supplies of their own blood might soon be caught out.A revealing trail of debris could give the ga

28、me away. Most “blood dopers“ cheat by injecting themselves with the blood-boosting hormone erythropoietin (EPO), but there have been tests to detect EPO since2000. Another way to dope blood is to periodically extract some of your own, store it and reinject it before competitions. Some professional c

29、yclists are alleged to have done this as part of a doping scandal that emerged in Spain in 2006, called Operation Puerto. At least one cyclist is still fighting to clear his name. Re-injecting stored blood boosts the oxygen supply to muscles. The practice has so far eluded detection but now there mi

30、ght be a way catch out the cheats. During storage, red blood cells start to fall apart, generating debris such as the fragments of cell membranes (a cell membrane is the outside envelop of a living cell). Olaf Schumacher of the University of Freiburg in Germany and his colleagues have shown that whe

31、n stored blood is re-injected, the recipient“s white blood cells prepare to get rid of this sudden tide of debris. They say that these changes on blood cell “debris“ could betray sportsmen and make cheats detectable. “It“s like someone dumping rubbish in your blood,“ he says. “When all the rubbish c

32、omes at once, there“s lots of activity.“ Schumacher“s team took blood from six non-athletes, stored it for 35 days then re-infused it, taking further blood samples three and four days afterwards. When they analyzed the white blood cells in these samples, genes needed for identifying and disposing of

33、 ailing and damaged cells were much more active than usual. The gene changes led to the appearance of new proteins on the surface of the white blood cells which could potentially be picked up by antibodies, Schumacher says. He also suggests that antibodies could be created to detect the changes to t

34、he surface of red blood cells as well. Schumacher couldn“t say whether such tests would be ready in time for the 2012 Olympics in London. David Cowan, director of the UK Drug Control Centre at King“s College London, says: “The paper is promising, but more work is needed to establish a test that meet

35、s the rigorous standards required by sport so as not to falsely accuse an athlete.“ Schumacher says that one key goal is to make sure these changes only occur due to doping, rather than illness, for example.（分数：10.00）(1).The sentence “A revealing trail of debris could give the game away“ (Para. 1) s

36、hows that _.（分数：2.00）A.the athletes who cheat will lose the game because of a trail of debrisB.the athletes who cheat have to give up the game because of a trail of debrisC.a trail of debris will help catch out the athletes who cheatD.a trail of debris will help the athletes avoid the game(2).Which

37、kind of “blood dopers“ is least likely to be detected in the past?（分数：2.00）A.People who inject themselves with EPO.B.People who extract and re-inject some of their own blood.C.People who took part in cycling competition in Spain in 2006.D.People who are careful enough to avoid detection.(3).Accordin

38、g to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true about the debris?（分数：2.00）A.The white blood cells are ready to get rid of it all the time.B.It is the product of red blood cells during blood storage.C.It could help sports cheats avoid detection.D.It is fragments of cell membranes.(4).What do we lear

39、n about this test from David Cowan“s comment?（分数：2.00）A.The test is promising and could be adopted right away.B.The test is far from meeting the rigorous standards required by sport.C.The test needs to be improved in the hope of not wronging an athlete.D.The 2012 Olympics in London will adopt such a

40、nti-doping test.(5).What would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Blood Cell “Debris“ could Snare Sports CheatsB.A New Type of Blood DopingC.Several Measures Taken to Detect Blood DopersD.Antibodies are Created to Detect Blood DopersI came to feminism the way some people come to social moveme

41、nts in their early years: out of self-interest. I got on the equality bandwagon because I was a young woman with a streak of ambition a mile wide, and without a change in the atmosphere I thought I was going to wind up living a life that would make me crazy. As my father said not long ago, “Can you

42、imagine what it would havebeen like if you had been born 50 years earlier? Your life would have been miserable.“ The great thing was that it was possible to do good for all while you were doing well for yourself. Each of us rose on the shoulders of women who had come before us. Move up, reach down:

43、that was the motto of those who were worth knowing. But it was not just other women we elevated, but entire enterprises. More women on the staffs and the mastheads of the country“s largest publications changed them. It resulted in newspapers and magazines that covered women as more than a mixture of

44、 recipes and fashion collections. But there“s one question that always lurks around the margins of the battle for equal rights: how will we know when we“ve won? Sometimes it seems like a classic dance of two steps forward, one back. Indra Nooyi, an Indian-born number cruncher, was recently named CEO

45、 of Pepsi. But that makes her one of only 11 women now running a Fortune 500 company, which works out to slightly more than 2 percent. And Forbes magazine just published an essay titled “Don“t Marry Career Women“ by a male writer who couldn“t see the advantages of a wife who could pay the mortgage a

46、nd support the children even if her husband lost his job or suffered a massive coronary. That kind of nonsense takes you back in time, to the early days when women dumped babies on the desk of the mayor of Syracuse to protest the lack of child care. Maybe it was the classic protest slogan “Don“t coo

47、k dinnerstarve a rat today,“ but the perception was that the fight for equality was a war against men. But the battle was really against the waste of talent, the waste to society, the waste of women who had certain gifts and goals and had to suppress both. The point was not to take over male terrain

48、 but to change it because it badly needed changing. The depth and breadth of that transformation is what reflects the success of the movement, and by that measure, women are doing well. And so is everyone else.（分数：10.00）(1).The author came to women movement owing to _.（分数：2.00）A.her interest in itB.

49、her fatherC.her ambitionsD.her miserable life(2).The best reason for women“s rise is that_.（分数：2.00）A.women helped each other in social lifeB.more women were employed and achieved successC.more women succeeded in food and fashion industriesD.a valuable motto encouraged women to strive(3).According to Paragraph 3, women“s fight for equality is troubled by the problem t