【考研类试卷】考研数学二-线性方程组(二)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研数学二-线性方程组(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is (1) only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, (2) embarrassed. You ha

2、ve to take a commuter train any morning or evening to (3) the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive. (4) , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of

3、behavior which, (5) broken, makes the offender immediately the object of (6) .It has been known as a fact that a British has a (7) for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it (8) . Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom (9) forecast

4、 and hence becomes a source of interest and (10) to everyone. This may be so. (11) a British cannot have much (12) in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong (13) a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man i

5、n the street seems to be as accurate or as inaccurate as the weathermen in his (14) .Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references (15) weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are (16) by comments on the weather. “Nice

6、day, isnt it?“ “Beautiful!“ may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?“ (17) the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. (18) he wants to start a conversation with a British but is (19) to know where to be

7、gin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will (20) an answer from even the most reserved of the British.（分数：10.00）(1).A relaxed B frustrated C amused D exhausted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A yet B otherwise C even D so（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A experience B witness

8、C watch D undergo（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A Deliberately B Consequently C Frequently D Apparently（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A unless B once C while D as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A suspicion B opposition C criticism D praise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A emotion B fancy C likeness D judgment（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A at length

9、 B to a great extent C from his heart D by all means（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A follows B predicts C defies D supports（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A dedication B compassion C contemplation D speculation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A Still B Also C Certainly D Fundamentally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A faith B reliance C hon

10、or D credit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A if B once C when D whereas（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A propositions B predictions C approval D defiance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A about B on C in D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A started B conducted C replaced D proposed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A Since B Although C However D Only

11、if（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A Even if B Because C If D For（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A at a loss B at last C in group D on the occasion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A stimulate B constitute C furnish D provoke（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many vide

12、o games feature an invincibility power-up that makes the players impervious to damage, at least for a while. As the economic crisis hit in late 2008, some said the same about the industry itself. The theory went that sales of video games, which had been strong in 2008, would also be strong in 2009,

13、because games are a relatively cheap form of entertainment that let people escape from gloomy economic reality.At first glance the sales figures seem to debunk the idea that video games are recession-proof. In June 2009, for example, sales of games in America were 31% lower than in June 2008, accord

14、ing to NPD, a market-research firm. In July sales were down 26% , the fifth successive monthly decline. But the year ended with a record-breaking December, as people bought consoles and games for Christmas. Globally, says Piers Harding-Rolls of Screen Digest, a consuhancy, sales of games were down b

15、y 6.3% in 2009. The number of Nintendo Win and Microsoft Xbox 360 consoles sold was flat in 2009 ; sales of Sows PlayStation 3 were up by 22% after a price cut.In some respects, this stumble reflects gamings new popularity. When it was less of a mainstream activity it was not so connected to the wid

16、er economic cycle. The success of the family-friendly Wii has broadened gamings appeal, but the new players it has attracted are less fanatical garners who are more likely to cut back in hard times. During 2009 more people turned to mobile, web-based or second-hand games, says Mr Harding-Rofls.Anoth

17、er way of looking at things, however, is to say that spending on gaming is driven by big hits, and that the slight decline in 2009 reflects creative rather than economic weakness. Entertainment industries always have their ups and downs, says Shigeru Miyamoto, the creative force behind many of Ninte

18、ndos biggest games. There was an unusually large number of hits in 2008, which boosted sales, and fewer big releases in 2009 until late in the year, which may explain the weak mid-year sales. The biggest hit was “Modern Warfare 2“, released in November, which became the fastest-selling game in histo

19、ry, selling 7 million copies worldwide on its first day. The top 20 games took a larger share of sales in 2009 than in 2008, which shows that the games industry is becoming increasingly polarised between hits and misses. Hence the hit-and-miss results of the big publishers of video games.Overall, sa

20、ys Mr Miyamoto, 2009s crop of games may just have been less compelling. “We were not able to produce fun-enough products,“ he says. That highlights the importance of continued innovation, he saysbut it leaves unanswered the question of whether gaming is indeed recession-proof.（分数：10.00）(1).In Americ

21、a, which month is the most highest sales of video games?A June in 2008.B March In 2009C November in 2009D December in 2009（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the third paragraph that gives the examples of Wii infer?A Wider economic cycle has been a little related to video games industry.B Nintendo made t

22、he video games more attractive.C Wii lost attractions to fanatical gamers.D Recession had no influence in investing the video games.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).From the fourth paragraph, we can know that_.A entertainment have been in the slight decline recentlyB creative games will bring good salesC sale i

23、ncreasing by the end of 2009 is due to big hits of gamesD “Modern Warfare 2“ benefits from the Shigeru Miyamotos innovations（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the opinion that the sales figures of the video game industry reduced in 2009 not because of economy crisis is not supportive?A Other games are di

24、stributed.B The video game is on the decline.C The video game doesnt have enough creation.D Fanatical garners dont reduce expense.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the light of what Shigeru Miyamoto said, we can infer_.A games innovations may lead to the sale decline of 2009B he has no idea about whether it i

25、s influenced by the economic crisisC the gap of hits and misses in games industries is innovativeD games industries will soon recover from the level of 2008（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)This years Sumantra Ghoshal Conference, held at London Business School, debated whether strategy resear

26、ch has become irrelevant to the practice of management. The late Mr Ghoshal published a paper in 2005 scolding business schools for pouring “bad theory“ on their students. That same year Warren Bennis and James OToole, both at the University of Southern California, published an article in the Harvar

27、d Business Review criticising MBA programmes for paying too much attention to “scientific“ research and not enough to what current and future managers actually needed. Business schools, they argued, would be better off acting more like their professional counterparts, such as medical or law schools,

28、 nurturing skilled practitioners as well as frequent publishers.However, business school professors have a tendency not to change. Since universities take journal rankings into account when awarding tenure, academics are rewarded more when they publish in research journals. (Popular media rankings o

29、f MBA programmes, although not The Economists, also take research output into account.)In 2008 the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) took up the debate, publishing a report on making business research more useful. It suggested that tenure committees become more flexible.

30、A scholar dedicated to popularising management ideas, for example, should be evaluated on book sales and attention from the news media, not on articles in research journals. This would allow faculty to reach out to wider audiences, rather than be, as Messrs Bennis and OToole put it, “damned as popul

31、arisers“.But that might also risk granting tenure on the basis of trendy but ultimately unhelpful ideas. In any case, some argue that the relevance of business research is understated. Jan Williams, vice chair of AACSB, argues that doing research allows faculty members to stay at the forefront of th

32、eir subject, and that in turn improves their teaching. “We cant teach students outdated material,“ he says.What is more, a paper in Academy of Management Learning access to frontier research comes afterwards. As Messrs Bennis and OToole put it: “Business professors too often forget that executive de

33、cision-makers are not fact-collectors; they are fact users and integrators.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, Bennis and OToole complained about_.A business schools publishing papersB irrelevant management in business schoolsC too much efforts directed to researchD MBA programmes mislea

34、ding students（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The ranking of MBA programmes is mentioned in brackets in order to_.A name a particular ranking including the application factorB provide a supporting argument for the importance of research outputC explain why universities expect journal papers from professorsD sho

35、w another way for professors to get permanent teaching positions（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).AACSB suggested that_.A professors should not pay heed to scientific researchB a more reasonable evaluating system be established to judge professorsC scholars should entertain a large audience if they want to be su

36、ccessfulD a flexible evaluating way be created to put scientific research into application（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that_.A the best schools in the popular media rankings guarantee graduates high salaryB doing research may help students to be better paid laterC profess

37、ors should be evaluated on the basis of popularityD Jan Williams may not agree with AACSB on the issue about doing research（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the author, after entering a business school a student should first_.A learn to process incoming information effectivelyB contribute to the rep

38、utation of his schoolC find a professor who is popular in his research fieldD help teachers with their research（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Concrete is probably used more widely than any other substance except water, yet it remains largely unappreciated. “Some people view the 20th centur

39、y as the atomic age, the space age, the computer age but an argument can be made that it was the concrete age,” says cement specialist Hendrik Van Oss. “Its a miracle material.” Indeed, more than a ton of concrete is produced each year for every man, woman and child on Earth. Yet concrete is general

40、ly ignored outside the engineering world, a victim of its own ubiquity and the industrys conservative pace of development. Now, thanks to environmental pressures and entrepreneurial innovation, a new generation of concretes is emerging. This high-tech assortment of concrete confections promises to b

41、e stronger, lighter, and more environmentally friendly than ever before.Concrete is also a climate-change villain. It is made by mixing water with an aggregate, such as sand or gravel, and cement. Cement is usually made by heating limestone and clay to over 2,500 degrees F. The resulting chemical re

42、action, along with fuel burned to heat the kiln, produces between 7% and 10% of global carbon-dioxide emissions. “When we have to repeatedly regenerate these materials because theyre not durable, we release more emissions,” says Victor Li who has created a concrete suffused by synthetic fibers that

43、make it stronger, more durable, and able to bend like a metal. Lis creation does not require reinforcement, a property shared by other concretes that use chemical additives. Using less water makes concrete stronger, but until the development of plasticizers, it also made concrete sticky, dry, and ha

44、rd to handle, says Christian Meyer, a civil engineering professor at Columbia University.Making stronger concretes, says Li, allows less to be used, reducing waste and giving architects more freedom. “You can have such futuristic designs if you dont have to put rebar in there, or structural beams,”

45、says Van Oss. A more directly “green” c6nerete has been developed by the Australian company TecEeo. They add magnesium to their cement, forming a porous concrete that actually scrubs carbon dioxide from the air.While experts agree that these new concrete will someday be widely used, the timetable is

46、 uncertain. Concrete companies are responsive to environmental concerns and are always looking to stretch the utility of their product, but the construction industry is slow to change. “When you start monkeying around with materials, the governing bodies, the building departments, are very cautious

47、before they let you use an unproven material,” Meyer says. In the next few decades, says Van Oss, building codes will change, opening the way for innovative materials. But while new concretes may be stronger and more durable, they are also more expensive and whether the tendency of developers and th

48、e public to focus on short-term rather than long-term costs will also change is another matter.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “it was the concrete age”(Line 3, Para. 1), Van Oss means thatA the traditional building material concrete is the only man-made miracle.B concrete is indispensable in the development of modern construction industry.C compared with other inventions, concrete is more practical and useful.D concrete, as a building material, can be mixed with any other materials.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By saying “a victim of its own ubiquity and the industrys conservative pace of